ATIVIDADE PESQUEIRA NO RIO POTY, MUNICÍPIO DE CASTELO DO PIAUÍ, PIAUÍ, BRASIL: CONHECIMENTO E USO DA FLORA

Estudos sobre uso sustentável de recursos naturais a partir da valorização e aproveitamento de experiências adquiridas pelas comunidades são importantes para a definição de sistemas de manejo e incentivo ao conhecimento científico e tecnológico dessas comunidades. Objetivou-se levantar a compreensão que os pescadores artesanais da colônia Z-9, município de Castelo do Piauí, e seus familiares, possuem sobre o uso de plantas na pesca. Os dados foram coletados a partir de formulários semiestruturados.  Os métodos quantitativos utilizados foram Valor de Uso (VU), índices de Shannon-Wiener (H’), Simpson (D) e rarefação. Registraram-se 64 espécies, pertencentes a 54 gêneros e 30 famílias, sendo 56 espécies utilizadas pelos próprios peixes (42 como alimentícias, nove como berçário, oito como abrigo para desova e cinco como refúgio). Os resultados apontam a importância do uso de espécies vegetais na atividade pesqueira e na obtenção das informações para a conservação da biodiversidade da flora na região

In vitro efficacy of essential oils against Haematobia irritans

The horn fly (Haematobia irritans) infestation in the cattle in Brazil leads to significant economic damage for livestock. The efficacy of many essential oils has been demonstrated in the control of veterinary ectoparasites. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of four essential oils to adult horn fly control. The essential oil from Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze (Lamiaceae) was extracted by hydro-distillation, while that the water steam distillation method was used to extract the essential oils from Varronia curassavica (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. (Boraginaceae), Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L. Burtt & R.M. Sm. (Zingiberaceae) and Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae). Afterwards, all the essential oils were analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC?MS) and Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) for determination of their chemical composition. The bioassays in vitro were performed according to the impregnated filter paper methodology. All the essential oils evaluated in this study exhibited efficacy in vitro against H. irritans. The highest mortality of H. irritans was determined by essential oils from A. zerumbet (100%) and M. suaveolens (96.2%) at 50 mg mL-1.  In concentration of 100 mg mL-1 V. curassavica and P. guajava essential oils caused the mortality of 99.2% and 82.8%, respectively. The A. zerumbet, M. suaveolens, V. curassavica and P. guajava essential oils showed in vitro efficacy against H. irritans. Further studies with associations and nanoemultions are necessary to increase the efficacy and stability of these essential oils on field conditions.The horn fly (Haematobia irritans) infestation in the cattle in Brazil leads to significant economic damage for livestock. The efficacy of many essential oils has been demonstrated in the control of veterinary ectoparasites. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of four essential oils to adult horn fly control. The essential oil from Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze (Lamiaceae) was extracted by hydro-distillation, while that the water steam distillation method was used to extract the essential oils from Varronia curassavica (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. (Boraginaceae), Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L. Burtt & R.M. Sm. (Zingiberaceae) and Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae). Afterwards, all the essential oils were analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC?MS) and Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) for determination of their chemical composition. The bioassays in vitro were performed according to the impregnated filter paper methodology. All the essential oils evaluated in this study exhibited efficacy in vitro against H. irritans. The highest mortality of H. irritans was determined by essential oils from A. zerumbet (100%) and M. suaveolens (96.2%) at 50 mg mL-1. In concentration of 100 mg mL-1 V. curassavica and P. guajava essential oils caused the mortality of 99.2% and 82.8%, respectively. The A. zerumbet, M. suaveolens, V. curassavica and P. guajava essential oils showed in vitro efficacy against H. irritans. Further studies with associations and nanoemulsions are necessary to increase the efficacy and stability of these essential oils on field conditions

Detection of Brucella spp. in artisan cheese commercialized in Parnaíba, Piauí state, Brazil

The aim of this study was to detect Brucella spp. in artisanal cheese commercialized in Parnaíba city, Piauí state, Brazil. For this study, 30 samples of curd cheese (500g) were randomly collected from different points in the commercialization process. In the laboratory, 25g aliquots of the samples were suspended in Brucella broth; after this procedure, 10µL aliquots of this suspension were sown in Thayer Martin agar plates that were supplemented with 10% defibrinated sheep blood and VCNT antimicrobials. After inoculation, the samples were incubated at 37°C in microaerophilic conditions for 14 days. The suspected morphological colonies were identified and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). From thirty samples of microbiologically analyzed cheeses, six samples (20%) were confirmed by PCR as bacteria from the Brucella genus. The detection of Brucella spp. was confirmed in cheese commercialized in markets or a public square (3.33%), bakery (3.33%) and small market (13.33%). Brucella spp. was detected in artisanal cheese commercialized in different points from Parnaíba city. Guidelines for the establishment of good practices for the production of artisanal cheese should be determined by the competent authorities. However, for the better control of human brucellosis it is necessary to control or eradicate bovine brucellosis in the herds

ASSESSMENT OF LEGUMES WITH POTENTIAL USE AS GREEN MANURE IN THE COASTAL TABLELANDS OF PIAUÍ STATE, BRAZIL

Green manure may lead to physical, chemical, and biological improvements to the soil. However, the information on its use in the Brazilian Northeast is scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the phenological cycle and phytomass productivity of seven legume species. This study was conducted in the second semester of 2015 in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replications. Plant height, fresh mass of shoot (FMS), dry mass of shoot (DMS), fresh mass of root (FMR), and dry mass of root (DMR) were determined at 100 days after sowing. Germination, flowering, and pod maturation were also assessed. The highest averages of FMS were observed in Crotalaria breviflora and Crotalaria mucronata, followed by Canavalia ensiformis, whereas the highest averages of DMS were observed in C. breviflora, C. ensiformis, C. mucronata, and Cajanus cajan cv. IAPAR 43. The highest averages of FMR were obtained by C. breviflora and C. mucronata, followed by C. cajan cv. Fava Larga. The species C. mucronata, C. cajan cv. IAPAR 43, and C. breviflora presented the highest averages of DMR. In addition, C. juncea, C. ensiformis, and C. cajan cv. IAPAR 43 were the earlier species regarding flowering, while C. cajan cv. Fava Larga was the later species. C. juncea was the earliest among all studied species regarding pod maturation. The tested legume species obtained promising initial results during the assessment period, being able to meet the expectations of biomass production and contributing to soil sustainability in this region

In vitro effects of Pilocarpus microphyllus extracts and pilocarpine hydrochloride on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the activity of aqueous (AE) and ethanolic extracts (EE) and pilocarpine hydrochloride, which were extracted and isolated from Pilocarpus microphyllus (Jaborandi), respectively, on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to quantify these compounds. Larval packet and adult immersion tests were conducted with different concentrations. Five AE and EE concentrations, ranging from 6.2 to 100.0 mg mL–1, and six concentrations of pilocarpine hydrochloride, ranging from 0.7 to 24.0 mg mL–1, were tested. The lethal concentration (LC50) of each extract for larvae and engorged females was calculated through Probit analysis. The concentration of pilocarpine hydrochloride obtained from the EE and the AE was 1.3 and 0.3% (m/m), respectively. Pilocarpine hydrochloride presented the highest acaricidal activity on larvae (LC50 2.6 mg mL–1) and engorged females (LC50 11.8 mg mL–1) of R.(B.) microplus, followed by the EE which presented LC50 of 56.4 and 15.9 mg mL–1, for larvae and engorged females, respectively. Such results indicate that pilocarpine hydrochloride has acaricidal activity, and may be the primary compound responsible for this activity by P. microphyllus EE

Bioactividad de Spilanthes acmella (Asteraceae) a Raoiella indica (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) y selectividad al depredador Amblyseius largoensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

The jambu, Spilanthes acmella (Asteraceae), has bioactivity on pests, but little is known of the effect on phytophagous mites and its compatibility with predatory mites. The red palm mite, Raoiella indica, is a severe pest of several crops, coconut trees among them. The predatory mite Amblyseius largoensis (Acari:Phytoseiidae) is found in association with R. indica in several countries, and it can assist in the control of this pest in the field. Associated with biological control, products that are compatible with natural enemies could help control this pest. Therefore, the acaricidal activity of S. amella on R. indica and its selectivity for the predator A. largoensis was evaluated using concentration-mortality bioassays of its ethanolic extract (EE). Additionally, the repellent effect and the population growth rate were evaluated in the LC50 and LC80. The EE of S. acmella was highly toxic to R. indica, but it did not kill A. largoensis. The LC50 and LC80 of the EE from S. acmella, estimated for R. indica, were repellent to the pest untill 48 hours after application, while, at its highest concentration, it repelled.El jambu, Spilanthes acmella (Asteraceae), posee bioactividad contra plagas; sin embargo, es poco conocido sobre el efecto a ácaros fitófagos y su compatibilidad con ácaros depredadores. El ácaro rojo del cocotero Raoiella indica es una plaga severa de diversos cultivos agrícolas, dentro de los cuales está el cocotero. El ácaro depredador Amblyseius largoensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) se encuentra en asociación con R. indica en diversos países y puede auxiliar en el control de esta plaga en campo. Asociado al control biológico, los productos que sean compatibles con los enemigos naturales pueden ayudar en el control de esta plaga. Se evaluó la actividad acaricida por medio de bioensayos de concentración-mortalidad del extracto etanólico (EE) de S. acmella contra R. indica y su selectividad al depredador A. largoensis. Además, se evaluaron el efecto repelente y la tasa de crecimiento poblacional en la CL50 y la CL80. La CL50 y la CL80 de EE de S. acmella, estimada para R. indica, fueron repelentes a la plaga hasta 48 horas después de la aplicación y repelió al depredador solamente hasta una hora en la mayor concentración. Esas concentraciones del EE de S. acmella redujeron drásticamente la tasa de crecimiento de R. indica y no afectaron el aumento poblacional del depredador. Se concluye que el EE de S. acmella podría ser utilizado en el manejo de R. indica por ser tóxico, repelente y reducir el crecimiento poblacional de esta plaga, además de ser selectivo al ácaro depredador A. largoensis

In vitro efficacy of essential oils with different concentrations of 1,8-cineole against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

<div><p>Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the acaricidal activity of essential oils from three species of plants with intermediary concentrations of 1,8-cineole against the tick species Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. For this purpose, five serial concentrations (100.0, 50.0, 25.0, 12.5, 6.2 mg/mL) of essential oils from Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze, Ocimum gratissimum L. and Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B. L. Burtt & R. M. Sm. were used on larval packet and adult immersion tests. The essential oils were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), being detected 35.8, 24.7 and 24.0% of 1.8-cineol in the oils of M. suaveolens, O. gratissimum and A. zerumbet, respectively. The lethal concentration (LC 50) of each oil for larvae and engorged females was calculated through Probit analysis. All essential oils showed high efficacy (≥ 95.0%) on engorged females at the 100.0 mg/mL concentration. In regards to larvae, O. gratissimum (LC 50 = 11.9 mg/mL) was the most potent, followed by the A. zerumbet (LC50 = 19.7 mg/mL) and the M. suaveolens (LC50 = 51.6 mg/mL) essential oils. These results show that other compounds interfere with 1,8-cineole action.</p></div

Composição química e eficácia do óleo essencial e do extrato etanólico de Alpinia zerumbet sobre Staphylococcus aureus

RESUMO: O presente trabalho descreve a atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial e do extrato etanólico das folhas de Alpinia zerumbet (colônia) sobre cepas de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas de vacas com mastite subclínica e cepas padrão ATCC 29213 e ATCC 25923, por meio do método de difusão em ágar. Foram utilizados 10 tratamentos contendo diferentes concentrações do óleo essencial e do extrato etanólico (100,0; 50,0; 25,0; 12,5 e 6,3 mg.mL-1) e o grupo controle (álcool etílico a 50% e Tween a 1%). Os constituintes majoritários do óleo essencial foram p -cimeno (32,72%), 1,8-cineol (24,05%) e 4-terpineol (20,23%), sendo esses determinados por cromatografia a gás acoplada a espectrometria de massas e cromatografia a gás com detector de ionização de chama (CG-EM/DIC). No extrato etanólico foi detectado o ácido elágico e três flavonoides: rutina, quercetina e campferol, por meio de cromatografia a líquido de alta eficiência acoplada a detector de arranjo de diodo (CLAE-DAD). Todas as cepas apresentaram sensibilidade aos tratamentos com óleo essencial e extrato etanólico. A melhor resposta foi obtida com o óleo essencial de A. zerumbet que, na concentração de 100 mg.mL-1 proporcionou inibição total do crescimento bacteriano. Esses resultados sugerem o potencial antibacteriano do óleo essencial e do extrato etanólico de A. zerumbet no controle da mastite bovina