Towards a Universal Semantic Dictionary

[EN] A novel method for finding linear mappings among word embeddings for several languages, taking as pivot a shared, multilingual embedding space, is proposed in this paper. Previous approaches learned translation matrices between two specific languages, while this method learns translation matrices between a given language and a shared, multilingual space. The system was first trained on bilingual, and later on multilingual corpora as well. In the first case, two different training data were applied: Dinu¿s English¿Italian benchmark data, and English¿Italian translation pairs extracted from the PanLex database. In the second case, only the PanLex database was used. The system performs on English¿Italian languages with the best setting significantly better than the baseline system given by Mikolov, and it provides a comparable performance with more sophisticated systems. Exploiting the richness of the PanLex database, the proposed method makes it possible to learn linear mappings among an arbitrary number of languages.This research was funded by Spanish MINECO and FEDER grant number TIN2017-85854-C4-2-R.Castro-Bleda, MJ.; Iklódi, E.; Recski, G.; Borbély, G. (2019). Towards a Universal Semantic Dictionary. Applied Sciences. 9(19):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9194060S114919Youn, H., Sutton, L., Smith, E., Moore, C., Wilkins, J. F., Maddieson, I., … Bhattacharya, T. (2016). On the universal structure of human lexical semantics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(7), 1766-1771. doi:10.1073/pnas.1520752113Ruder, S., Vulić, I., & Søgaard, A. (2019). A Survey of Cross-lingual Word Embedding Models. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 65, 569-631. doi:10.1613/jair.1.11640Bojanowski, P., Grave, E., Joulin, A., & Mikolov, T. (2017). Enriching Word Vectors with Subword Information. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 5, 135-146. doi:10.1162/tacl_a_0005

Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 in a Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic in Miami

The Prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 among STD clinics in Miami is not known. The objective of this study was to evaluate infection rates of HSV 1 and 2, and to describe the socio-demographic characteristics, sexual orientation and co-infection with HIV and other STIs, in individuals attending a Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) clinic in Miami. A cross-sectional study of 663 patients tested for HSV type-specific serology or herpes culture during the year 2007 was performed. An overall infection rate of HSV-1 was 42.1% and 36.7% for HSV-2. Statistically higher infection rates for HSV-1and 2 were seen among Hispanics (56.7%, 54.4%) compared to non-Hispanic black (36.80%, 41.70%) and non-Hispanic white patients (6.1%, 3.5%) respectively. Females showed higher HSV-2 infection rates over males, 41.6% vs. 58.4%; p = 0.03. HSV-1 and 2 infection rates were 60.2% and 57.6% among foreign-born individuals, in contrast to 39.8% and 42.4% found among persons born in the United States. Our data shows high infection rates for HSV-1 and 2 in this community, and especially among the Hispanic population. Efforts to decrease acquisition among the Hispanic population should be a focus of future STI prevention programs

Infectious Syphilis in Non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics in an Urban STD Clinic

Syphilis is a complex infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum and acquired through sexual contact or vertical transmission. The natural history of syphilis is divided in primary, secondary, latent and tertiary stages. The syphilis epidemic has evolved over the years. National rates of syphilis infection dropped to the lowest in 2000 and have since increased in certain populations. Men who have sex with men (MSM) account for 60% of new infections and high rates occur in individuals with human immune deficiency virus co-infection. This study describes and compares the demographic characteristics, risk factors, and clinical presentation ofinfectious syphilis cases diagnosed in the Miami-Dade Health Department STD clinic among the two main ethnicities (non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic)

Neonatal Near Miss: A Systematic Review.

The concept of neonatal near miss has been proposed as a tool for assessment of quality of care in neonates who suffered any life-threatening condition. However, there are no internationally agreed concepts or criteria for defining or identifying neonatal near miss. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of studies and markers that are able to identify neonatal near miss cases and predict neonatal mortality. Electronic searches were performed in the Medline, Embase and Scielo databases, with no time or language restriction, until December 2014. The term neonatal near miss was used alone or in combination with terms related to neonatal morbidity/mortality and neonatal severity scores. Study selection criteria involved three steps: title, abstract and full text of the articles. Two researchers performed study selection and data extraction independently. Heterogeneity of study results did not permit the performance of meta-analysis. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria adopted, only four articles were selected. Preterm and perinatal asphyxia were used as near miss markers in all studies. Health indicators on neonatal morbidity and mortality were extracted or estimated. The neonatal near miss rate was 2.6 to 8 times higher than the neonatal mortality rate. Pragmatic and management criteria are used to help develop the neonatal near miss concept. The most severe cases are identified and mortality is predicted with these criteria. Furthermore, the near miss concept can be used as a tool for evaluating neonatal care. It is the first step in building management strategies to reduce mortality and long-term sequelae.1532

Significado de las ofiolitas neoproterozoicas en la Cordillera Oriental del Perú

Los cinco trabajos precedentes (Rodrigues et al. 2010, a y b, Tassinari et al. 2010, Castroviejo et al. 2010 b, Willner et al. 2010) han tratado distintos aspectos de los terrenos ultramáficos conocidos en la COr, Cordillera Oriental, cuya ubicación, destacada en rojo, puede encontrarse en la figura 1. Es el momento de intentar una síntesis que, mediante la integración y la discusión de los resultados hasta ahora obtenidos, permita alcanzar una interpretación y, al menos, esbozar respuestas a algunas cuestiones fundamentales acerca del basamento pre-andino de la Cordillera. En primer lugar es pertinente examinar, a la vista de los nuevos datos presentados, la cuestión esencial: ¿se trata realmente de ofiolitas? Luego, habrán de plantearse cuestiones como el emplazamiento y la historia geológica de los terrenos implicados, en el marco de la evolución del supercontinente Rodinia y de la Cadena Andina, para finalmente tratar de comprender su significado geotectónic

Significado de las ofiolitas neoproterozoicas en la Cordillera Oriental del Perú

Los cinco trabajos precedentes (Rodrigues et al. 2010, a y b, Tassinari et al. 2010, Castroviejo et al. 2010 b, Willner et al. 2010) han tratado distintos aspectos de los terrenos ultramáficos conocidos en la COr, Cordillera Oriental, cuya ubicación, destacada en rojo, puede encontrarse en la figura 1. Es el momento de intentar una síntesis que, mediante la integración y la discusión de los resultados hasta ahora obtenidos, permita alcanzar una interpretación y, al menos, esbozar respuestas a algunas cuestiones fundamentales acerca del basamento pre-andino de la Cordillera. En primer lugar es pertinente examinar, a la vista de los nuevos datos presentados, la cuestión esencial: ¿se trata realmente de ofiolitas? Luego, habrán de plantearse cuestiones como el emplazamiento y la historia geológica de los terrenos implicados, en el marco de la evolución del supercontinente Rodinia y de la Cadena Andina, para finalmente tratar de comprender su significado geotectónic

Neonatal near miss: the need for a standard definition and appropriate criteria and the rationale for a prospective surveillance system

In Latin American, there is currently a regional action with the main purposes of putting the concept of severe neonatal morbidity in practice and formulating proposals for interventions. A general overview of neonatal health conditions, including morbidity and mortality, is provided to update regional knowledge on the topic. An example of the development and implementation of the concept of maternal near miss is also provided, followed by results from a systematic review covering all previously published studies on Neonatal Near Miss. Finally, some proposals for building a common concept on the topic and for launching a prospective surveillance study are presented. A Neonatal Near Miss is a neonate who had a severe morbidity (organ dysfunction or failure) but who survived this condition within the first 27 days of life. The pragmatic criteria recommended to be used are as follows: birth weight below 1700 g, Apgar score below 7 at 5 minutes of life and gestational age below 33 weeks. As a proxy for organ dysfunction, the following management criteria are also confirmed: parenteral therapeutic antibiotics; nasal continuous positive airway pressure; any intubation during the first 27 days of life; phototherapy within the first 24 h of life; cardiopulmonary resuscitation; the use of vasoactive drugs, anticonvulsants, surfactants, blood products and steroids for refractory hypoglycemia and any surgical procedure. Although this study starts from a regional perspective, this topic is clearly globally relevant. All nations, especially low and middle-income countries, could benefit from the proposed standardization701282082