THEORETICAL REVIEW AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH OF PRINCIPLES OF STRATEGIC PLANNING IN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES OF THE TOURISM SECTOR IN RIOHACHA, COLOMBIA

The objective of the study is to analyze the principles of strategic planning in SMEs in the tourism sector in the city of Riohacha, as well as to carry out a documentary review of the theory that frames the study of these variables, to constitute an important bibliographic material to support the future research. This study bases its methodology on documentary analysis since it has analyzed what has been written and published by different authors and researchers, through their works related to the principles of strategic planning in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the tourism sector. Among the main contributions made by this research, it is established that thanks to the proposed documentary analysis, it was possible to know the most general and most important aspects within the management of SMEs in terms of strategic planning, addressing areas such as personnel management, inventory management, and design of marketing strategies, among others, which allow building theoretical foundations for the generation of new knowledge in this regard

IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIC PLANNING IN SMALL AND MEDIUM TOURISM ENTERPRISES LOCATED IN THE SPECIAL TOURISM AND CULTURAL DISTRICT OF RIOHACHA

The objective of the study was to analyze the principles of strategic planning in SMEs in the tourism sector located in the Special, Tourist and Cultural District of Riohacha. The text was theoretically grounded by Lopera (2014), Martínez (2013), González (2014), Armijo (2009), Sánchez (2010), Benedetti and Romero (2016), Mejía and Bolaño (2014), among others. The paradigm from which the research was developed was of a positivist nature, under the hypothetical-deductive method, descriptive and documentary type, with a field and bibliographic design. The study population consisted of hotels and restaurants registered in the Chamber of Commerce of La Guajira, and a non-probabilistic sampling was used, leaving seven hotels and eight restaurants selected. One of the main findings was that Riohacha's economic, cultural, and tourism environment is favorable for the consolidation of SMEs. Likewise, there was evidence of a poor application of the principles of strategic planning in SMEs, expressed by the lack of a human talent management system, the poor use of technological resources and the absence of a marketing plan. The main conclusions were that there is a weakness in the implementation of human talent management subsystems; little importance was given to the use of information and communication technologies to access and compete in international markets, and there was no evidence of strategic plans to position the companies in the international market

Estrategias de innovación desarrolladas por los centros de investigación de las universidades públicas del departamento de La Guajira, Colombia

The purpose of this article is to analyze the innovation strategies developed by the research centers of public universities in the department of La Guajira, Colombia. It is descriptive, not experimental, transversal design field; the population formed by the University of La Guajira and National Open University and Distance. The data collection technique was the survey with Likert For information analysis determined the average, interpreted through scales with established range scale. The results point to the universities under study have designed strategies of innovation, as they perform a few research and development, there are few incentives given to researchers, the existing organizational culture does not encourage creativity and innovation, it has a low use of information and communication technologies. Therefore, it is necessary to establish innovation strategies as essential tool to generate competitive advantages and success of these universities.El propósito de este artículo es analizar las estrategias de innovación desarrolladas por los centros de investigación de las universidades públicas del Departamento de La Guajira, Colombia. La investigación es de tipo descriptivo, de diseño no experimental, transversal de campo. La población está conformada por la Universidad de La Guajira y la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia. La técnica de recolección de datos fue la encuesta con escala tipo Likert. Para el análisis de la información se determinó la media, interpretada a través de baremos con rango establecidos. Los resultados permitieron conocer que las universidades objeto de estudio no tienen estrategias de innovación diseñadas, ya que realizan pocas actividades de investigación y desarrollo, son pocos los incentivos otorgados a los investigadores, la cultura organizacional existente no fomenta la creatividad e innovación y se presenta un bajo uso de tecnologías de información y comunicación. Por lo anterior, es necesario establecer estrategias de innovación como herramientas esenciales para generar ventajas competitivas y alcanzar el éxito de estas universidades

Estrategias de innovación desarrolladas por los centros de investigación de las universidades públicas del departamento de La Guajira, Colombia

El propósito de este artículo es analizar las estrategias de innovación desarrolladas por los centros de investigación de las universidades públicas del Departamento de La Guajira, Colombia. La investigación es de tipo descriptivo, de diseño no experimental, transversal de campo. La población está conformada por la Universidad de La Guajira y la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia. La técnica de recolección de datos fue la encuesta con escala tipo Likert. Para el análisis de la información se determinó la media, interpretada a través de baremos con rango establecidos. Los resultados permitieron conocer que las universidades objeto de estudio no tienen estrategias de innovación diseñadas, ya que realizan pocas actividades de investigación y desarrollo, son pocos los incentivos otorgados a los investigadores, la cultura organizacional existente no fomenta la creatividad e innovación y se presenta un bajo uso de tecnologías de información y comunicación. Por lo anterior, es necesario establecer estrategias de innovación como herramientas esenciales para generar ventajas competitivas y alcanzar el éxito de estas universidades.The purpose of this article is to analyze the innovation strategies developed by the research centers of public universities in the department of La Guajira, Colombia. It is descriptive, not experimental, transver-sal design field; the population formed by the Univer-sity of La Guajira and National Open University and Distance. The data collection technique was the survey with Likert For information analysis determined the average, interpreted through scales with established range scale. The results point to the universities un-der study have designed strategies of innovation, as they perform a few research and development, there are few incentives given to researchers, the existing organizational culture does not encourage creativity and innovation, it has a low use of information and communication technologies. Therefore, it is necessary to establish innovation strategies as essential tool to generate competitive advantages and success of these universities