Estudio comparativo del consúmo crónico de vino tinto sobre la expresión y la actividad del sitocromo P450 en hígado y riñón de rata

ResumenEl metabolismo del etanol involucra la participación de isoenzimas del citocromo P450 (CYP), principalmente con la contribución de la isoenzima 2E1(CYP 2E1), cuya actividad es inducida por la exposición crónica al alcohol. El metabolismo etílico está relacionado con la producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno(ROS), responsables de la generación de estrés oxidativo.[Huerta PA, Henríquez PA, Castillo RL, Carasco RA, Orellana M, Rodrigo RA. Estudio comparativo del consúmo crónico de vino tinto sobre la expresión y la actividad del sitocromo P450 en hígado y riñón de rata. MedUNAB 2003; 6(16):4-9].Palabras clave: Citocromo P450 etanol, estrés oxidativo, riñon de la rata, hígado de la rata

Efecto antagónico del consumo crónico de vino tinto y etanol sobre la actividad de la (Na+K)ATPasa renal

ResumenEl consumo crónico de etanol aumenta la actividad de (Na+K)ATPasa en diferentes tipos celulares, a travez de un mecanismo mediado por especies reactivas de oxígeno (EROs). el consumo moderado de vino tinto puede aumentar las defensas antioxidantes ya que sus componentes no alcohólicos actúan como atrapadores de EROs, quelantes de metales y moduladores enzimáticos.[Castillo RL, Carasco RA, House M, Huerta PA, Henríquez PA, Rodrigo RA. Efecto antagónico del consumo crónico de vino tinto y etanol sobre la actividad de la (Na+K)ATPasa renal. MedUNAB 2003; 6(16):10-14].Palabras clave; etanol, (Na+K)ATPasa, riñon, vino, antioxidantes

New Lidocaine-Based Pharmaceutical Cocrystals: Preparation, Characterization, and Influence of the Racemic vs. Enantiopure Coformer on the Physico-Chemical Properties

This study describes the preparation, characterization, and influence of the enantiopure vs. racemic coformer on the physico-chemical properties of a pharmaceutical cocrystal. For that purpose, two new 1:1 cocrystals, namely lidocaine:dl-menthol and lidocaine:d-menthol, were prepared. The menthol racemate-based cocrystal was evaluated by means of X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, Raman, thermal analysis, and solubility experiments. The results were exhaustively compared with the first menthol-based pharmaceutical cocrystal, i.e., lidocaine:l-menthol, discovered in our group 12 years ago. Furthermore, the stable lidocaine/dl-menthol phase diagram has been screened, thoroughly evaluated, and compared to the enantiopure phase diagram. Thus, it has been proven that the racemic vs. enantiopure coformer leads to increased solubility and improved dissolution of lidocaine due to the low stable form induced by menthol molecular disorder in the lidocaine:dl-menthol cocrystal. To date, the 1:1 lidocaine:dl-menthol cocrystal is the third menthol-based pharmaceutical cocrystal, after the 1:1 lidocaine:l-menthol and the 1:2 lopinavir:l-menthol cocrystals reported in 2010 and 2022, respectively. Overall, this study shows promising potential for designing new materials with both improved characteristics and functional properties in the fields of pharmaceutical sciences and crystal engineering

Contrasting responses of cluster roots formation induced by phosphorus and nitrogen supply in Embothrium coccineum populations from different geographical origin

Indexación: Scopus.Aims: Embothrium coccineum is a pioneer tree that produces cluster roots (CR) induced by phosphorus (P) or nitrogen (N) deficiency, but the role which both N and P play in CR formation for different E. coccineum populations is still unknown. We hypothesized that in E. coccineum, N influences the CR formation response, primarily induced by P limitation. However, this response depends on local adaptations to their specific conditions of geographic origin. Methods: Seedlings from three contrasting edaphoclimatic conditions (Northern, Central and Southern populations) were grown in hydroponic culture under high and low N supply and at five different P supply. Morphophysiological responses, including CR number, growth, biomass, P and N plant concentration, were studied. Results: Our results showed that at high N supply, CR formation was stimulated with increased P supply, but just until it reaches a maximum of 5 μM, above this concentration CR formation decreases. However, at low N supply, a constitutive response was observed regardless of P supply. Moreover, each of these responses depends on the populations. Conclusions: Our study suggests that N drives CR formation induced by P supply and that a differential response exists among E. coccineum populations, that could be related to their origin edaphoclimatic conditions. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.https://link-springer-com.recursosbiblioteca.unab.cl/article/10.1007%2Fs11104-020-04622-