Síndromes de dispersão de diásporos das espécies de trechos de vegetação ciliar do rio das Pacas, Querência - MT

As adaptações das plantas, conforme seus agentes dispersores, correlacionam-se com as características morfológicas de cada espécie e família e com a região em que esta predomina, sendo que as sementes evoluíram de acordo com os dispersores. A dispersão de sementes mais freqüente em florestas tropicais é a zoocoria, daí a importância na conservação de corredores ecológicos, que possibilitam a disseminação de espécies de um fragmento para outro. Diante do fato, este trabalho teve por objetivo listar as principais síndromes de dispersão de sementes de espécies ocorrentes em trechos de Floresta Estacional Perenifólia Ribeirinha do rio das Pacas, Querência - MT, a fim de identificar o principal tipo de dispersão. As informações sobre as síndromes de dispersão foram coletadas em campo, juntamente com a amostragem da vegetação, a qual foi dividida em estratos de acordo com a altura dos indivíduos amostrados. Foram identificadas 69 espécies, pertencentes a 51 gêneros e 31 famílias botânicas. As famílias com maior riqueza foram Annonaceae e Fabaceae, a qual apresentou a maior diversificação de síndromes. A zoocoria foi a síndrome de maior expressividade, com 86% do total de espécies, seguida da anemocoria (10%), autocoria (3%) e barocoria (1%). O estrato inferior (sub-bosque) e intermediário (dossel) possui maior porcentagem de espécies zoocóricas do que no estrato superior (emergente), onde a anemocoria foi mais importante. Estes resultados evidenciam a forte relação entre a vegetação e a fauna na manutenção das populações de plantas no ambiente ciliar, bem como a importância de se manter corredores ecológicos entre os fragmentos florestais.The adaptations of plants, as its agents dispersers correlated with the morphological characteristics of each specie and family, and with the region in which it dominates, and the seeds progressed according to the dispersors. The zoochory is the most frequent seed dispersal in the tropical forest, hence the importance in the conservation of ecological corridors, which allowed the spread of species of a fragment to another. Given the fact, this study aimed to trace the major processes of the seed dispersal of species occurring in the Riparian Evergreen Seasonal Forest areas of the Pacas river, Querência - MT, to identify the main dispersal type. The informations on dispersal syndromes were collected in the field during the sampling the vegetation, wich was divided in strata, according to the eight of the individuals sampled. We identified 69 species, belonged 51 genera and 31 botanic families. The families with the greatest richness were Annonaceae and Fabaceae, which showed the greatest variety syndromes. The zoochory were syndrome the more important, with 86% the total species, followed by anemochory (10%), autochory (3%) and barochory (1%). The lower (understory) and intermediate (canopy) strata have percentage zoochoric species higher than upper stratum (emergente), where the anemochory was the more important. These results demonstrate the strong relationship between the vegetation and animals in the maintenance of plant populations in the riparian environment and the importance of maintaining ecological corridors between forest fragments

Linking the Meaning of Programs to What the Compiler Can Verify

We formulate some research and development challenges that relate what a verifying compiler can verify to the definition and analysis of the application-content of programs, where the analysis comprises both experimental validation and mathematical verification. We also point to State Machines (ASM) method for high-level system design and analysis. We explain how it allows one to bridge the gap between informal requirements and detailed code by combining application-centric experimentally validatable system modeling with mathematically verifiable refinements of abstract models to compiler-verifiable code

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background: Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods: The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results: A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion: Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)