Spanish university assessment practices: examination tradition with diversity by faculty.

Classroom assessment is crucial to understand how students approach course materials, even more in a competitive environment such as the one in higher education. Our aim was to explore the current situation of assessment in higher education to consider further institutional and training actions. Every syllabus from all public universities in Spain was entered into a database, from which 1,693 syllabi were selected completely at random for a content analysis. It was found that (1) university teachers use a greater variety and number of assessment instruments than did their counterparts of decades ago, (2) final exam score is still the highest-weighted source of information for the final grade, (3) the cluster of assessment practices show that traditional approaches are still the most prevalent ones, (4) formal peer and self-assessment practices are still extremely rare in the classroom, (5) assessment practices barely change between first- and fourth-year courses, and (6) most variations in assessment are explained by differences on faculty/academic divisions. This research has implications for European legislation, university regulation and university teacher training programmes.pre-print1061 K

Effectiveness of Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavaria Nordic Vaccination in a Population at High Risk of Mpox: A Spanish Cohort Study

Background: With over 7,500 cases notified since April 2022, Spain has experienced the highest incidence of mpox in Europe. From July 12th onwards, the Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavaria Nordic (MVA-BN) smallpox vaccine was offered as pre-exposure prophylaxis for individuals at high-risk of mpox, including those receiving pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV (HIV-PrEP). Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of one dose of MVA-BN vaccine as pre-exposure against mpox virus (MPXV) infection in persons on HIV-PrEP. Methods: We conducted a national retrospective cohort study between July 12 and December 12, 2022. Individuals ≥18 years, receiving HIV-PrEP as of July 12 and with no previous MPXV infection or vaccination were eligible. Each day, we matched individuals receiving a first dose of MVA-BN vaccine and unvaccinated controls of the same age group and region. We used a Kaplan-Meier estimator and calculate risk ratios (RR) and vaccine effectiveness (VE = 1-RR). Results: We included 5,660 matched pairs, with a median follow-up of 62 days (interquartile range 24-97). Mpox cumulative incidence was 5.6 per 1,000 (25 cases) in unvaccinated and 3.5 per 1,000 (18 cases) in vaccinated. No effect was found during days 0-6 post-vaccination (VE -38.3; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): -332.7; 46.4), but VE was 65% in ≥7 days (95%CI 22.9; 88.0) and 79% in ≥14 days (95%CI 33.3; 100.0) post-vaccination. Conclusions: One dose of MVA-BN vaccine offered protection against mpox in a most-at-risk population shortly after the vaccination. Further studies need to assess the VE of a second dose and the duration of protection over time.S

Guerra Civil y la transmisión intergeneracional de la identidad política a través de la familia

This article studies the transmission of political identity in the family from the Spanish Civil War until today. Concretely, it attempts to identify the most important factors in the political socialization of the individual, the factors that specifically play an important role in the formation of extremist political identities and the importance the Spanish Civil War has had in these processes. To do this, we have analysed data from a survey based on a representative sample of the Spanish population. The results show that the role of the mother is key in the formation of individual political identity, and that there has been an increase in the number of agents playing a role in political socialization with the passage of generations, although the mother and religion continue to be the most important factors.Este artículo estudia la transmisión de la identidad política en la familia desde la guerra civil española hasta nuestros días. Concretamente, se trata de encontrar: 1) qué factores son los más importantes en la socialización política de la persona, 2) cuáles específicamente juegan un mayor papel en la conformación de identidades políticas extremistas y 3) qué relevancia tiene la Guerra Civil en estos procesos. Para ello, se han realizado diversos análisis de datos de una encuesta sobre una muestra representativa de la población española. Los resultados señalan: 1) el rol materno como eje central en la conformación de la identidad política del individuo y 2) el aumento en el número de agentes de socialización política significativos con el paso de las generaciones, manteniéndose la madre y la religión como los factores más relevantes