Reversible flow of cholesteryl ester between high-density lipoproteins and triacylglycerol-rich particles is modulated by the fatty acid composition and concentration of triacylglycerols

We determined the influence of fasting (FAST) and feeding (FED) on cholesteryl ester (CE) flow between high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and plasma apoB-lipoprotein and triacylglycerol (TG)-rich emulsions (EM) prepared with TG-fatty acids (FAs). TG-FAs of varying chain lengths and degrees of unsaturation were tested in the presence of a plasma fraction at d > 1.21 g/mL as the source of CE transfer protein. The transfer of CE from HDL to FED was greater than to FAST TG-rich acceptor lipoproteins, 18% and 14%, respectively. However, percent CE transfer from HDL to apoB-containing lipoproteins was similar for FED and FAST HDL. The CE transfer from HDL to EM depended on the EM TG-FA chain length. Furthermore, the chain length of the monounsaturated TG-containing EM showed a significant positive correlation of the CE transfer from HDL to EM (r = 0.81, P < 0.0001) and a negative correlation from EM to HDL (r = -041, P = 0.0088). Regarding the degree of EM TG-FAs unsaturation, among EMs containing C18, the CE transfer was lower from HDL to C18:2 compared to C18:1 and C18:3, 17.7%, 20.7%, and 20%, respectively. However, the CE transfer from EMs to HDL was higher to C18:2 than to C18:1 and C18:3, 83.7%, 51.2%, and 46.3%, respectively. Thus, the EM FA composition was found to be the rate-limiting factor regulating the transfer of CE from HDL. Consequently, the net transfer of CE between HDL and TG-rich particles depends on the specific arrangement of the TG acyl chains in the lipoprotein particle core431211351142FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP95/7662-

Opposite lipemic response of Wistar rats and C57BL/6 mice to dietary glucose or fructose supplementation

The metabolic effects of carbohydrate supplementation in mice have not been extensively studied. In rats, glucose- and fructose-rich diets induce hypertriacylglycerolemia. In the present study, we compared the metabolic responses to two monosaccharide supplementations in two murine models. Adult male Wistar rats (N = 80) and C57BL/6 mice (N = 60), after 3 weeks on a standardized diet, were submitted to dietary supplementation by gavage with glucose (G) or fructose (F) solutions (500 g/L), 8 g/kg body weight for 21 days. Glycemia was significantly higher in rats after fructose treatment (F: 7.9 vs 9.3 mM) and in mice (G: 6.5 vs 10 and F: 6.6 vs 8.9 mM) after both carbohydrate treatments. Triacylglycerolemia increased significantly 1.5 times in rats after G or F supplementation. Total cholesterol did not change with G treatment in rats, but did decrease after F supplementation (1.5 vs 1.4 mM, P < 0.05). Both supplementations in rats induced insulin resistance, as suggested by the higher Homeostasis Model Assessment Index. In contrast, mice showed significant decreases in triacylglycerol (G: 1.8 vs 1.4 and F: 1.9 vs 1.4 mM, P < 0.01) and total cholesterol levels (G and F: 2.7 vs 2.5 mM, P < 0.05) after both monosaccharide supplementations. Wistar rats and C57BL/6 mice, although belonging to the same family (Muridae), presented opposite responses to glucose and fructose supplementation regarding serum triacylglycerol, free fatty acids, and insulin levels after monosaccharide treatment. Thus, while Wistar rats developed features of plurimetabolic syndrome, C57BL/6 mice presented changes in serum biochemical profile considered to be healthier for the cardiovascular system.32333

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time, and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space. While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes, vast areas of the tropics remain understudied. In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity, but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases. To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge, it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Urethritis In Man [uretrites No Homem]

[No abstract available]49413714

Controversies On Renal Carcinoma [controversias No Carcinoma Renal]

[No abstract available]102415916

Opposite lipemic response of Wistar rats and C57BL/6 mice to dietary glucose or fructose supplementation

The metabolic effects of carbohydrate supplementation in mice have not been extensively studied. In rats, glucose- and fructose-rich diets induce hypertriacylglycerolemia. In the present study, we compared the metabolic responses to two monosaccharide supplementations in two murine models. Adult male Wistar rats (N = 80) and C57BL/6 mice (N = 60), after 3 weeks on a standardized diet, were submitted to dietary supplementation by gavage with glucose (G) or fructose (F) solutions (500 g/L), 8 g/kg body weight for 21 days. Glycemia was significantly higher in rats after fructose treatment (F: 7.9 vs 9.3 mM) and in mice (G: 6.5 vs 10 and F: 6.6 vs 8.9 mM) after both carbohydrate treatments. Triacylglycerolemia increased significantly 1.5 times in rats after G or F supplementation. Total cholesterol did not change with G treatment in rats, but did decrease after F supplementation (1.5 vs 1.4 mM, P < 0.05). Both supplementations in rats induced insulin resistance, as suggested by the higher Homeostasis Model Assessment Index. In contrast, mice showed significant decreases in triacylglycerol (G: 1.8 vs 1.4 and F: 1.9 vs 1.4 mM, P < 0.01) and total cholesterol levels (G and F: 2.7 vs 2.5 mM, P < 0.05) after both monosaccharide supplementations. Wistar rats and C57BL/6 mice, although belonging to the same family (Muridae), presented opposite responses to glucose and fructose supplementation regarding serum triacylglycerol, free fatty acids, and insulin levels after monosaccharide treatment. Thus, while Wistar rats developed features of plurimetabolic syndrome, C57BL/6 mice presented changes in serum biochemical profile considered to be healthier for the cardiovascular system

Psa-nadir At 1 Year As A Sound Contemporary Prognostic Factor For Low-dose-rate Iodine-125 Seeds Brachytherapy

Objectives: To identify predictors of outcomes in patients with localized prostate cancer treated with iodine-125 brachytherapy in a longitudinal uncontrolled study. Methods: Between 2000 and 2011, 560 histologically confirmed patients were treated with brachytherapy of whom 305 with ≥24-month follow-up and localized tumor were evaluated after exclusion of those locally advanced and under androgen ablation. Results: Patients' mean age was 63.93 years (44-88), mean pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 6.34 ng/mL (0.67-33.09), overall median follow-up was 75.35 months (24-158.37), biochemical recurrence occurred in 17 patients (5.57 %), cancer-specific survival was 100 %, and overall survival was 98.03 %. At multivariate analyses, only PSA-nadir at 1 year and age were related to disease-free survival: To each unit of PSA-nadir, the risk increases 87.3 %-OR 1.87 (p 70)-OR 4.69 (p = 0.04; 95 % CI 1.39-18.47). Best cutoff for PSA-nadir at one year was 0.285 (AUC = 0.78; p < 0.001; 95 % CI 0.68-0.89). Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed PSA-nadir (p < 0.001) as prognostic, while D'Amico's classification failed (p = 0.24). No grade 3 or 4 complication was reported, and only 31.4 % of patients had grade 2 urinary or rectal toxicity. PSA bounce ≥0.4 ng/mL occurred in 18.4 % with no impact on biochemical recurrence. Conclusions: Half (50.49 %) of patients in the scenario of localized prostate cancer treated with iodine-125 brachytherapy reach PSA-nadir at 1 year <0.285, recognized as a key independent prognostic factor. Graphical Abstract: [Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis for PSA-nadir at 1 year] [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.323753759Merrick, G.S., Butler, W.M., Dorsey, A.T., Galbreath, R.W., Blatt, H., Lief, J.H., Rectal function following prostate brachytherapy (2000) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 48 (3), pp. 667-674Sylvester, J.E., Grimm, P.D., Wong, J., Galbreath, R.W., Merrick, G., Blasko, J.C., Fifteen-year biochemical relapse-free survival, cause-specific survival, and overall survival following I (125) prostate brachytherapy in clinically localized prostate cancer: Seattle experience (2011) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 81 (2), pp. 376-381Vigneri, P., Herati, A.S., Potters, L., The second decade of prostate brachytherapy: evidence and cost based outcomes (2010) Urol Oncol, 28 (1), pp. 86-90Roach III, M., Hanks, G., Thames Jr., H., Schellhammer, P., Shipley, W.U., Sokol, G.H., Defining biochemical failure following radiotherapy with or without hormonal therapy in men with clinically localized prostate cancer: recommendations of the RTOG-ASTRO phoenix consensus conference (2006) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 65 (4), pp. 965-974Rivard, M.J., Butler, W.M., Devlin, P.M., Hayes Jr., J.K., Hearn, R.A., Lief, E.P., Meigooni, A.S., Williamson, J.F., American Brachytherapy Society recommends no change for prostate permanent implant dose prescriptions using iodine-125 or palladium-103 (2007) Brachytherapy, 6 (1), pp. 34-37Potters, L., Morgenstern, C., Calugaru, E., Fearn, P., Jassal, A., Presser, J., 12-year outcomes following permanent prostate brachytherapy in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer (2008) J Urol, 179 (5 SUPPL.), pp. S20-S24Stock, R.G., Cesaretti, J.A., Stone, N.N., Disease-specific survival following the brachytherapy management of prostate cancer (2006) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 64 (3), pp. 810-816Stock, R.G., Cesaretti, J.A., Unger, P., Stone, N.N., Distant and local recurrence in patients with biochemical failure after prostate brachytherapy (2008) Brachytherapy, 7 (3), pp. 217-222Ko, E.C., Stone, N.N., Stock, R.G., PSA-nadir of <0.5 ng/mL following brachytherapy for early-stage prostate adenocarcinoma is associated with freedom from prostate-specific antigen failure (2012) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 83 (2), pp. 600-607Taira, A.V., Merrick, G.S., Galbreath, R.W., Wallner, K.E., Butler, W.M., Natural history of clinically staged low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer treated with monotherapeutic permanent interstitial brachytherapy (2010) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 76 (2), pp. 349-354Taira, A.V., Merrick, G.S., Butler, W.M., Galbreath, R.W., Lief, J., Adamovich, E., Long-term outcome for clinically localized prostate cancer treated with permanent interstitial brachytherapy (2011) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 79 (5), pp. 1336-1342Stone, N.N., Stock, R.G., Unger, P., Intermediate term biochemical-free progression and local control following 125 iodine brachytherapy for prostate cancer (2005) J Urol, 173 (3), pp. 803-807Zelefsky, M.J., Kuban, D.A., Levy, L.B., Potters, L., Beyer, D.C., Blasko, J.C., Multi-institutional analysis of long-term outcome for stages T1-T2 prostate cancer treated with permanent seed implantation (2007) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 67 (2), pp. 327-333Bowes, D., Crook, J.M., Wallace, K., Evans, A., Toi, A., Finelli, A., Jewett, M.A., Catton, C., Results of a surgically derived nomogram to predict Gleason score upgrading applied to a cohort of patients with "favorable-risk" prostate cancer treated with permanent seed brachytherapy (2012) Urology, 80 (3), pp. 649-655Stokes, S.H., Real, J.D., Adams, P.W., Clements, J.C., Wuertzer, S., Kan, W., Transperineal ultrasound-guided radioactive seed implantation for organ-confined carcinoma of the prostate (1997) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 37 (2), pp. 337-341Guarneri, A., Botticella, A., Ragona, R., Filippi, A.R., Munoz, F., Casetta, G., Gontero, P., Ricardi, U., Prostate-specific antigen kinetics after I 125-brachytherapy for prostate adenocarcinoma (2013) World J Urol, 31 (2), pp. 411-415Storey, M.R., Landgren, R.C., Cottone, J.L., Stallings, J.W., Logan, C.W., Fraiser, L.P., Transperineal 125 iodine implantation for treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer: 5-year tumor control and morbidity (1999) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 43 (3), pp. 565-567Shapiro, E.Y., Rais-Bahrami, S., Morgenstern, C., Napolitano, B., Richstone, L., Potters, L., Long-term outcomes in younger men following permanent prostate brachytherapy (2009) J Urol., 181 (4), pp. 1665-1671. , Discussion 71Burri, R.J., Ho, A.Y., Forsythe, K., Cesaretti, J.A., Stone, N.N., Stock, R.G., Young men have equivalent biochemical outcomes compared with older men after treatment with brachytherapy for prostate cancer (2010) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 77 (5), pp. 1315-1321Merrick, G.S., Wallner, K.E., Galbreath, R.W., Butler, W.M., Brammer, S.G., Allen, Z.A., Biochemical and functional outcomes following brachytherapy with or without supplemental therapies in men < or =50 years of age with clinically organ-confined prostate cancer (2008) Am J Clin Oncol, 31 (6), pp. 539-544Abdel-Wahab, M., Reis, I.M., Hamilton, K., Second primary cancer after radiotherapy for prostate cancer-a SEER analysis of brachytherapy versus external beam radiotherapy (2008) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 72 (1), pp. 58-6

Determinants Of Serum Lipoprotein(a) Concentration In Normolipidaemic Individuals Without Clinical Atherosclerosis

Background: Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is an independent risk factor for coronary artery diseases. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the determinants of plasma Lp(a) concentrations in normolipidaemic individuals. Methods: Immunonephelometric quantification of Lp(a) was made in 177 volunteers. A multivariate analysis was employed to verify the influence of clinical and biochemical parameters on plasma Lp(a) concentration. Results: The serum Lp(a) concentration in this population ranged from 0.7 to 40 nmol/L. The Lp(a) predictors were: sex (female), HDL2 triglyceride (negative) and LDL-cholesterol (positive). Conclusions: The modulation of plasma Lp(a) concentration in this study points to pro-atherogenic lipoprotein associations. © 2005 The Association for Clinical Biochemistry.425398399Danesh, J., Collins, R., Peto, R., Lipoprotein(a) and coronary heart disease: Meta-analysis of prospective studies (2000) Circulation, 102, pp. 1082-1086Rath, M., Niendorf, A., Reblin, T., Dietel, M., Krebber, H.J., Beisiegel, U., Detection and quantification of lipoprotein(a) in arterial wall of 107 coronary bypass patients (1989) Arteriosclerosis, 9, pp. 579-592Lippi, G., Ruzzenente, O., Brentegani, C., Pierotti, A., Guidi, G., Evaluation of the analytical performances of a new fully automated commercial immunonephelometric assay for lipoprotein(a) (1998) Clin Chem Lab Med, 36, pp. 719-753Kostner, G.M., Avogaro, P., Cazzolato, G., Marth, E., Bittolo-Bon, G., Qunici, G.B., Lipoprotein Lp(a) and the risk for myocardial infarction (1981) Atherosclerosis, 38, p. 51Yamaguchi, H., Lee, Y.J., Daida, H., Effectiveness of LDL apheresis in preventing reestenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PCTA):LDL-apheresis angioplasty restenosis trial (L-ART) (1994) Chem Phys Lipids, 67, pp. 399-403Cicero, F.G., Panourgia, M.P., Linarello, S., D'Addato, S., Sangiorgi, Z., Gaddi, A., Serum lipoprotein(a) levels in a large sample of subjects affected by familial combined hyperlipoproteinaemia and in general population (2003) J Cardiovasc Risk, 10, pp. 149-151Simó, J.M., Camps, J., Gómez, F., Ferre, N., Joven, J., Evaluation of a fully-automated particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay for the measurement of plasma lipoprotein(a). Population-based reference values in an area with low incidence of cardiovascular disease (2003) Clin Biochem, 36, pp. 129-13

Analysis Of The Effect Of Renal Excretory System Cooling During Thermal Radiofrequency Ablation In An Animal Model

Objective: Analysis of renal excretory system integrity and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation with and without irrigation with saline at 2°C (SF2). Materials and Methods: The median third of sixteen kidneys were submitted to radiofrequency (exposition of 1 cm) controlled by intra-surgical ultrasound, with eight minutes cycles and median temperature of 90°C in eight female pigs. One excretory renal system was cooled with SF2, at a 30ml/min rate, and the other kidney was not. After 14 days of post-operatory, the biggest diameters of the lesions and the radiological aspects of the excretory system were compared by bilateral ascending pyelogram and the animals were sacrificed in order to perform histological analysis. Results: There were no significant differences between the diameters of the kidney lesions whether or not exposed to cooling of the excretory system. Median diameter of the cooled kidneys and not cooled kidneys were respectively (in mm): anteroposterior: 11.46 vs. 12.5 (p = 0.23); longitudinal: 17.94 vs. 18.84 (p = 0.62); depth: 11.38 vs. 12.25 (p = 0.47). There was no lesion of the excretory system or signs of leakage of contrast media or hydronephrosis at ascending pyelogram. Conclusion: Cooling of excretory system during radiofrequency ablation does not significantly alter generated coagulation necrosis or affect the integrity of the excretory system in the studied model.4019399Goldberg, S.N., Gazelle, G.S., Solbiati, L., Livraghi, T., Tanabe, K.K., Hahn, P.F., Ablation of liver tumors using percutaneous RF therapy (1998) AJR Am J Roentgenol., 170, pp. 1023-1028Goldberg, S.N., Gazelle, G.S., Halpern, E.F., Rittman, W.J., Mueller, P.R., Rosenthal, D.I., Radiofrequency tissue ablation: importance of local temperature along the electrode tip exposure in determining lesionshape and size (1996) Acad Radiol., 3, pp. 212-218Goldberg, S.N., Gazelle, G.S., Dawson, S.L., Rittman, W.J., Mueller, P.R., Rosenthal, D.I., Tissue ablation with radiofrequency: effect of probe size, gauge, duration, and temperature on lesion volume (1995) Acad Radiol., 2, pp. 399-404Margulis, V., Matsumoto, E.D., Taylor, G., Shaffer, S., Kabbani, W., Cadeddu, J.A., Retrograde renal cooling during radio frequency ablation to protect from renal collecting system injury (2005) J Urol., 174, pp. 350-352Rehman, J., Landman, J., Lee, D., Venkatesh, R., Bostwick, D.G., Sundaram, C., Needle-based ablation of renal parenchyma using microwave, cryoablation, impedance- and temperature-based monopolarand bipolar radiofrequency, and liquid and gel chemoablation: laboratory studies and review of the literature (2004) J Endourol., 18, pp. 83-104Gettman, M.T., Lotan, Y., Corwin, T.S., Smith, T.G., Napper, C.A., Lindberg, G., Radiofrequency coagulation of renal parenchyma: comparison of effects of energy generators on treatment efficacy (2002) J Endourol., 16, pp. 83-88Brashears, J.H., Raj, G.V., Crisci, A., Young, M.D., Dylewski, D., Nelson, R., Renal cryoablation and radio frequency ablation: an evaluation of worst case scenarios in a porcine model (2005) J Urol., 173, pp. 2160-2165Chang, I., Mikityansky, I., Wray-Cahen, D., Pritchard, W.F., Karanian, J.W., Wood, B.J., Effects of perfusion on radiofrequency ablation in swine kidneys (2004) Radiology., 231, pp. 500-505Hwang, J.J., Walther, M.M., Pautler, S.E., Coleman, J.A., Hvizda, J., Peterson, J., Radio frequency ablation of small renal tumors: intermediate results (2004) J Urol., 171, pp. 1814-1818Burdío, F., Güemes, A., Burdío, J.M., Navarro, A., Sousa, R., Castiella, T., Bipolar saline-enhanced electrode for radiofrequency ablation: results of experimental study of in vivo porcine liver (2003) Radiology., 229, pp. 447-456. , Erratum in: Radiology. 2004230: 303Rendon, R.A., Gertner, M.R., Sherar, M.D., Asch, M.R., Kachura, J.R., Sweet, J., Development of a radiofrequency based thermal therapy technique in an in vivo porcine model for the treatment of smallrenal masses (2001) J Urol., 166, pp. 292-298Gillams, A.R., Thermal ablation of liver metastases (2001) Abdom Imaging., 26, pp. 361-368Rhim, H., Goldberg, S.N., Dodd, G.D., Solbiati, L., Lim, H.K., Tonolini, M., Cho, O.K., Essential techniques for successful radiofrequency thermal ablation of malignant hepatic tumors (2001) Radiographics., 21, pp. S17-35. , discussion S36-9Weight, C.J., Kaouk, J.H., Hegarty, N.J., Remer, E.M., O'Malley, C.M., Lane, B.R., Correlation of radiographic imaging and histopathology following cryoablation and radio frequency ablation for renal tumors (2008) J Urol., 179, pp. 1277-1281. , discussion 1281-3Landman, J., Rehman, J., Sundaram, C.P., Bhayani, S., Monga, M., Pattaras, J.G., Renal hypothermia achieved by retrograde intracavitary saline perfusion (2002) J Endourol., 16, pp. 445-449Anidjar, M., Mongiat-Artus, P., Brouland, J.P., Meria, P., Teillac, P., Le Duc, A., Thermal radiofrequency induced porcine ureteral stricture: a convenient endourologic model (1999) J Urol., 161, pp. 298-303Johnson, D.B., Saboorian, M.H., Duchene, D.A., Ogan, K., Cadeddu, J.A., Nephrectomy after radiofrequency ablation-induced ureteropelvic junction obstruction: potential complication and long-term assessment of ablation adequacy (2003) Urology., 62, pp. 351-352Schulman, C.C., Zlotta, A.R., Transurethral needle ablation of the prostate (TUNA). A new treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia using interstitialradiofrequency energy (1995) J Urol., 101, pp. 33-36Cantwell, C.P., Wah, T.M., Gervais, D.A., Eisner, B.H., Arellano, R., Uppot, R.N., Protecting the ureter during radiofrequency ablation of renal cell cancer: a pilot study of retrograde pyeloperfusion withcooled dextrose 5% in water (2008) J Vasc Interv Radiol., 19, pp. 1034-1040Hwang, S.I., Cho, J.Y., Kim, S.H., Jun, S.R., Lee, H.J., Moon, K.C., Protection of the renal collecting system during radiofrequency ablation with antegrade cold dextrose infusion (2010) Radiology., 256, pp. 759-766Dominique, E., El Otmany, A., Goharin, A., Attalah, D., de Baere, T., Intraductal cooling of the main bile ducts during intraoperative radiofrequency ablation (2001) J Surg Oncol., 76, pp. 297-30