Avaliação da densidade óptica de porcelanas usadas para confecção de próteses inlay/onlay por meio de radiografia digital

The purpose of this article was to compare the mean value of optical density of four porcelains commonly used for fabrication of inlay/onlay prostheses using direct digital radiograph. The sample consisted of 20 2-mm thick porcelain specimens (measured by digital pachymeter): Empress (Ivoclair), Simbios (Degussa), Vita Omega 900 and Vitadur Alpha (Vita Zahnfabrik). The values of optical density of the specimens were expressed in millimeters aluminum equivalent (mm eq Al). The samples were X-rayed using two charge coupled devices (CCD) - RVG (Trophy) - Visualix (Gendex) and a phosphor plate system - Digora (Soredex). The optical density reading was performed with Image Tool 1.28 in a total of 110 measurements. Statistical analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in all materials studied (p < 0.05) regardless of the radiographic system used. The highest optical density value was found for Omega 900 (1.8988 mmeqAl - Visualix - Gendex) and the lowest for Vitadur Alpha (0.8647 - Visualix - Gendex). Thus, the material presenting the highest degree of optical density was Omega 900, Empress and Simbios presented intermediate optical density values, Vitadur Alpha presented the lowest value, and the optical density of porcelains was not influenced by the digital radiography systems.Objetivo desse trabalho é comparar valores médios de densidade óptica de quatro porcelanas comumente utilizadas para confecção de inlay/onlay por meio da densidade óptica usando radiografia digital. A amostra constou de 20 corpos de prova com espessura de 2mm (mensurados em paquímetro digital) das porcelanas: Empress (Ivoclair), Simbios (Degussa), Vita Omega 900 e Vitadur Alpha (Vita Zahnfabrik). Os valores de densidade óptica das amostras foram expressos em milímetros equivalente em alumínio (mm eq Al). Os espécimes foram radiografados, utilizando dois sistemas de dispositivo de carga acoplada (CCD) - RVG (Trophy) - Visualix (Gendex) e um sistema de placa de fósforo - Digora (Soredex). A leitura da densidade óptica foi realizada no programa Image Tool 1.28 totalizando 110 medições. As leituras de densidade ópticas foram feitas no programa Image Tool 1.28 totalizando 110 mensurações. A análise estatística demonstrou que houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre a densidade óptica das porcelanas estudadas independentemente do sistema de radiografia empregado (p < 0,05). A porcelana Omega 900 obteve 1,8988mmeqAl - Visualix - Gendex e Vitadur Alpha 0,8647mmeqAl - Visualix - Gendex. Conclui-se que a porcelana Omega 900 apresentou os maiores valores de densidade óptica, enquanto que Empress e Simbios obtiveram valores intermiediários, Vitadur Alpha apresentou os menores valores de densidade óptica e a densidade óptica das porcelanas não foram influenciadas pelo sistema de radiografia digital

CONFIABILIDAD DE DOS APARATOS DIGITALES EN RELACIÓN A LA VERACIDAD DE LAS MEDICIONES

El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar dos aparatos digitales directos con la radiograf&iacute;a periapical convencional y con la medida real evaluada por un vernier digital analizando los resultados en relaci&oacute;n al grado de fidelidad de las mediciones. Fueron utilizados veinte dientes &iacute;ntegros unirradiculares permanentes en que se realiz&oacute; la medida con el vernier. En seguida, se incluyo en cera utilidad 7, se hizo las radiograf&iacute;as utilizando las t&eacute;cnicas periapicales digitales y convencional. Para la incidencia radiogr&aacute;fica, el aparato utilizado fue el 765 DC&reg; (Gendex&reg; -Il- USA), con 65 kVp, 7mA, 30cm de distancia focopel&iacute;cula, 0.02s y 0,16s de tiempo de exposici&oacute;n para el digital y convencional respectivamente. Los aparatos digitales directos utilizados fueron: el RVG&reg; (Trophy,Vall&eacute;e- Francia) y el Visualix&reg; (Gendex&reg; - Il- USA) . La medida de los elementos dentarios fue realizada mediante la propia herramienta de medida de los aparatos digitales. Para la t&eacute;cnica convencional, la medida fue realizada por un vernier digital. Con los valores obtenidos, se realiz&oacute; el test Tuckey y el test t pareado con correcci&oacute;n de Bonferroni. Los resultados indican tener diferencias estad&iacute;sticamente significantes. Sin embargo, concluimos que los sistemas digitales directos y el m&eacute;todo convencional son confiables en la utilizaci&oacute;n de las mediciones en la pr&aacute;ctica odontol&oacute;gica y que el Visualix present&oacute; los mejores resultados.ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was compared two direct digital devices with the periapical radiograph and with the real measure evaluated by a digital caliper being analyzed the results how to the degree of allegiance of the measurement. Twenty uniroot permanent teeth were utilized to realize the digital caliper measurement. After that, the teeth were included in n&ordm;7 wax utility and conventional periapical and digital radiographs were taken. The X-Ray machine used was the 765 DC&reg; (Gendex&reg; -Il- USA) with 65 kVp, 7mA, 30cm distance focus- film and exposure time to digital and conventional periapical of the 0.02s and 0,16s respectively. The direct digital devices used were the RVG&reg; (Trophy,Vall&eacute;e- France) and the Visualix&reg; (Gendex&reg; -Il- USA). The measurement of the teeth were realized using the own measure tool of the digitals devices software. To conventional technique, the digital caliper were used to realize the measurement. The values obtained were submitted to Tukey test and t paread test with the Bonferroni correction. The results showed possess statistically significant difference. However, it's possible to conclude that the direct digital devices and the conventional method are trustworthily in measurement in the dental clinical pratice, being the Visualix&reg; showed the best results.RESUMOO objetivo deste estudo foi comparar dois sistemas digitais diretos, com a radiografia periapical convencional e com a medida real avaliada por um paqu&iacute;metro digital, analisando os resultados quanto ao grau de fidelidade das mensura&ccedil;&otilde;es. Foram utilizados vinte dentes h&iacute;gidos unirradiculares permanentes o qual foi realizada a mensura&ccedil;&atilde;o com um paqu&iacute;metro digital. Posteriormente, foram inclu&iacute;dos em cera utilidade 7, radiografados utilizando as t&eacute;cnicas periapicais digitais e convencionais. Para a incid&ecirc;ncia radiogr&aacute;fica, o aparelho utilizado foi o 765 DC&reg; (Gendex&reg; -Il- USA), com 65 kVp, 7mA, 30cm de dist&acirc;ncia foco- filme, 0.02s e 0,16s de tempo de exposi&ccedil;&atilde;o para o digital e convencional respectivamente. Os aparelhos digitais diretos utilizados foram : o RVG&reg; (Trophy,Vall&eacute;e- Fran&ccedil;a) e o Visualix&reg; (Gendex&reg; - Il- USA). A mensura&ccedil;&atilde;o dos elementos dent&aacute;rios foi realizada mediante a pr&oacute;pria ferramenta de medida dos aparelhos digitais. Para a t&eacute;cnica convencional, a mensura&ccedil;&atilde;o foi realizada mediante um paqu&iacute;metro digital. Para os valores obtidos, foi realizado o teste Tuckey e o teste t pareado com corre&ccedil;&atilde;o de Bonferroni.Os resultados mostraram possuir diferen&ccedil;as estatisticamente significantes, apesar disso, conclu&iacute;mos que os sistemas digitais diretos e o m&eacute;todo convencional s&atilde;o confi&aacute;veis na utiliza&ccedil;&atilde;o das mensura&ccedil;&otilde;es, sendo que o VISUALIX apresentou os melhores resultados

Comparative analysis between three methods of bone estimating age in individuals with down syndrome by mode of the hand and wrist ray

The wrist and hand region has been the most commonly used for estimating age and osseous development due to the great number of ossification centers. The aim was to determine which method, Tanner & Whitehouse's (TW3), Greulich & Pyle's (GP) or Eklof & Ringertz's, more closely relates to the chronological age in subjects with Down syndrome with chronological ages between 61 and 180 months, using wrist and hand radiographs. The sample consisted of 85 radiographs, 52 of males and 33 of females. Eklof & Ringertz's method was computerized (Radiomemory). Greulich & Pyle's atlas was used and compared with the wrist and hand radiographs. For the TW3 method, 13 ossification centers were evaluated; for each one of them, there are seven or eight development stages to which scores are assigned; these scores are then added and the results are transformed into osseous age values. No statistically significant differences were observed between the male and female genders for methods TW3 and GP, contrasting with the observed differences for the Eklof & Ringertz method. Correlation (r2) between osseous and chronological ages was 0.8262 for TW3 and 0.7965 for GP, while for the method of Eklof & Ringertz, it was 0.7656 for females and 0.8353 for males. The author concluded that the osseous age assessment method that better related to the chronological age was the TW3, followed by Greulich & Pyle's and Eklof & Ringertz's

Digital radiographic evaluation of optical density of porcelains used for fabrication of inlay/onlay prosthesis Avaliação da densidade óptica de porcelanas usadas para confecção de próteses inlay/onlay por meio de radiografia digital

The purpose of this article was to compare the mean value of optical density of four porcelains commonly used for fabrication of inlay/onlay prostheses using direct digital radiograph. The sample consisted of 20 2-mm thick porcelain specimens (measured by digital pachymeter): Empress (Ivoclair), Simbios (Degussa), Vita Omega 900 and Vitadur Alpha (Vita Zahnfabrik). The values of optical density of the specimens were expressed in millimeters aluminum equivalent (mm eq Al). The samples were X-rayed using two charge coupled devices (CCD) - RVG (Trophy) - Visualix (Gendex) and a phosphor plate system - Digora (Soredex). The optical density reading was performed with Image Tool 1.28 in a total of 110 measurements. Statistical analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in all materials studied (p < 0.05) regardless of the radiographic system used. The highest optical density value was found for Omega 900 (1.8988 mmeqAl - Visualix - Gendex) and the lowest for Vitadur Alpha (0.8647 - Visualix - Gendex). Thus, the material presenting the highest degree of optical density was Omega 900, Empress and Simbios presented intermediate optical density values, Vitadur Alpha presented the lowest value, and the optical density of porcelains was not influenced by the digital radiography systems.<br>Objetivo desse trabalho é comparar valores médios de densidade óptica de quatro porcelanas comumente utilizadas para confecção de inlay/onlay por meio da densidade óptica usando radiografia digital. A amostra constou de 20 corpos de prova com espessura de 2mm (mensurados em paquímetro digital) das porcelanas: Empress (Ivoclair), Simbios (Degussa), Vita Omega 900 e Vitadur Alpha (Vita Zahnfabrik). Os valores de densidade óptica das amostras foram expressos em milímetros equivalente em alumínio (mm eq Al). Os espécimes foram radiografados, utilizando dois sistemas de dispositivo de carga acoplada (CCD) - RVG (Trophy) - Visualix (Gendex) e um sistema de placa de fósforo - Digora (Soredex). A leitura da densidade óptica foi realizada no programa Image Tool 1.28 totalizando 110 medições. As leituras de densidade ópticas foram feitas no programa Image Tool 1.28 totalizando 110 mensurações. A análise estatística demonstrou que houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre a densidade óptica das porcelanas estudadas independentemente do sistema de radiografia empregado (p < 0,05). A porcelana Omega 900 obteve 1,8988mmeqAl - Visualix - Gendex e Vitadur Alpha 0,8647mmeqAl - Visualix - Gendex. Conclui-se que a porcelana Omega 900 apresentou os maiores valores de densidade óptica, enquanto que Empress e Simbios obtiveram valores intermiediários, Vitadur Alpha apresentou os menores valores de densidade óptica e a densidade óptica das porcelanas não foram influenciadas pelo sistema de radiografia digital

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data