A Further Test of Strain Theory: Does Gender Discrimination Contribute to Theft by Employees?

This study was an examination of General Strain Theory\u27s contention that gender discrimination. as a source of strain. can lead to deviant behaviors. Specifically. the effects of gender discrimination in the workplace on theft by employees. The study was unique in that it utilized a sample split three different ways. First, by gender, second by perceived and actual measures of both crime and discrimination, and third, by combined versus separate discrimination measures. The third item being particularly unique. The study utilized bivariate correlations and logistic regression throughout for statistical analyses. The results indicated that combined measures were not as effective at predicting the likelihood of intentions to steal/theft as the separate measures and that significant results were highly dependent upon gender and the type of discrimination. Additionally, the results suggest that GST may not be as suited to predicting theft by employees when faced with discrimination as psycho-social factors. Indeed. control variables had the greatest effect on decisions to commit theft, presumably operating as drivers for the subjective evaluation of strains. These last few points are important as they contribute to both strain and crime literature. The separation of strains into distinct types and using both perceived and actual measures garnered several interesting results not achieved in prior research. The study also discussed policy implications, limitations, and future research

Community College For All: How Two-Year Criminal Justice Transfer Students Perceive Their Educational Experience

[Introduction] President Obama and others have called for free community college-- America\u27s College Promise. Yet controversy surrounds the community college system, with proponents emphasizing the educational opportunities provided while critics bemoan the high dropout rate and lack of equality of educational outcomes. Little research explores how students perceive their educational experiences at two-year colleges. This article explores community college strengths and weaknesses as perceived by a sample of successful criminal justice transfer students. During qualitative interviewing, students reported that they had a positive experience at community college and that it allowed them to prepare to be successful at university. Expense, teacher availability, and smaller class size were perceived as reasons the community college was advantageous. Notably, many students sensed that they missed out on a stereotypical college experience by first entering community college. Some referred to community college as the 13th year of high school, fake college , or not a regular institution

Mandatory Identification Bar Checks: How Bouncers Are Doing Their Job

The behavior of bouncers at on site establishments that served alcohol was observed. Our aim was to better understand how bouncers went about their job when the bar had a mandatory policy to check identification of all customers. Utilizing an ethnographic decision model, we found that bouncers were significantly more likely to card customers that were more casually dressed than others, those who were in their 30s, and those in mixed racial groups. We posit that bouncers who failed to ask for identification did so because they appeared to know customers, they appeared to be of age, or they took a break and no one was checking for identification at the door. We found that bouncers presented a commanding presence by their dress and demeanor. Bouncers, we posit, function in three primary roles: customer relations, state law management, and establishment rule enforcer

The (n, gamma) campaigns at EXILL

At the PF1B cold neutron beam line at the Institut Laue Langevin, the EXILL array consisting of EXOGAM, GASP and ILL-Clover detectors was used to perform (n, gamma) measurements at very high coincidence rates. About ten different reactions were measured in autumn 2012 using a highly collimated cold neutron beam. In spring 2013, the EXOGAM array was combined with 16 LaBr3(Ce) scintillators in the EXILL&FATIMA campaign for the measurement of lifetimes using the generalised centroid difference method. We report on the properties of the set-ups and present first results from both campaigns

Business Crime: The Perception and Experience of Victimization and Corresponding Use of Crime Prevention Measures

This study uses the concepts of routine activities theory and social disorganization theory to examine some of the factors that influence a business owner\u27s use of crime prevention measures. I predicted that neighborhood conditions as well as personal experience with crime would influence a business owner\u27s decision to use crime prevention measures. In addition, I controlled for sex, race, age, education level, and police presence. The results of the study were fairly consistent with the hypothesis except for two of the variables. In this particular study, age was not a significant factor in predicting the use of crime prevention measures, which is contrary to most literature. Also surprising was that the perception of positive neighborhood characteristics was much more significant than the perception of negative neighborhood characteristics

The influence of perceptions of social disorder and victimization on business owners' decisions to use guardianship strategies

Using social disorganization, broken windows, and routine activities theories as guides, this study considered how perceptions of crime in the neighborhood influenced business owners' decisions on the use of various crime prevention (guardianship) strategies. The analysis revealed that perceptions of a crime problem were influenced by the presence of disorder. Drug offenses and vandalism were particularly tied to disorder with drug offenses more often related to guardianship strategies than other offenses. In addition, several strategies were used as prevention measures counter-intuitively for crimes not affected by these strategies, suggesting the need for increased awareness and training for business owners on effective guardianship strategies.

Creating balanced energy market structures: equal valuation of supply and demand side initiatives

Now in its fifth year, the Bordeaux Energy Colloquium was originally created to bring together the voices of various industry constituents to engage in a series of dialogues regarding the creation of a competitive energy marketplace. Each year, Colloquium members consider key variables within various contexts and evaluate their effect on the global transition trend from regulation to competition in energy markets. Fall-2005 Colloquium members agreed that the fundamental imbalance between how supply and demand options are valued is a key stumbling block in the proper functioning of energy markets. Working under the auspices of the Bordeaux Energy Colloquium, 2005 members created a call for action paper that attempts to identify important points of leverage that can be used to further unleash the potential of energy systems in favour of new lines of development.demand response; energy policy; retail markets; real-time pricing; energy market structures; supply and demand; Bordeaux Energy Colloquium.