O direito de greve no Uruguai

Indubitavelmente, a greve é a forma mais importante de exteriorização das disputas de dimensão coletiva, embora a experiência ofereça muitos procedimentos de protesto, reivindicação ou pressão no âmbito das relações de trabalho. São analisadas, neste trabalho, as principais características do regime uruguaio de direito de greve, incluindo seu âmbito de aplicação subjetiva, conteúdo, efeitos, finalidades, modalidades e limites. O sistema uruguaio de relações coletivas de trabalho tem se caracterizado como substancialmente autônomo e não regulado, já que praticamente não existem normas estatais que regulem o direito de greve. Isso porque o ordenamento trabalhista uruguaio mantém, ainda hoje, sua tradicional característica de abstencionismo legislativo, herdada do período fundador do Direito Trabalhista. Assim, a falta de regulamentação estatal (legal) da greve faz com que no Uruguai impere um enfoque extenso, aberto e tolerante sobre a maior parte dos aspectos referentes ao direito de greve

Potestades del empleador en relación a los trabajadores no vacunados = Powers of the employer in relation to the workers not vaccinated

Analisa se o empregador pode pedir que o empregador tome a vacina contra COVID e faça a comprovação. Aborda se isso fere seus direitos fundamentais do trabalhador ou não

Modificación de la Declaración Sociolaboral del Mercosur (2015): un avance en la construcción de la dimensión social del proceso de integración

This contribution analyzes the role fulfilled by International Labor Standards and, specifically, by social clauses in Free Trade Conventions and Agreements, as a way of preventing social dumping and building a social dimension in the globalization and regionalization of economy. The author offers the case of the MERCOSUR Labor and Social Declaration, issued in 2015, which amends that of the year 1998, studying its contents, legal efficacy and supervision mechanisms. He emphasizes the fact that social charters generally limit themselves to recognizing fundamental or basic labor rights already found in the legislation of the member countries, but which are nonetheless useful for hindering attempts to deregulate or relax social and labor provisions.En la presente contribución, se analiza el rol que cumplen las Normas Internacionales del Trabajo y en particular las cláusulas sociales en los Tratados y Acuerdos de Libre Comercio, como forma de evitar el dumping social y c onstruir u na d imensión s ocial e n l a g lobalización, mundialización y regionalización de la economía. El autor expone el caso de la Declaración Social Laboral del MERCOSUR, aprobada en el 2015, que revisa la sancionada en el año 1998, estudiando su contenido, su eficacia jurídica y los mecanismos de contralor. Destaca que las Cartas sociales generalmente se limitan a reconocer derechos laborales fundamentales o básicos que ya se encuentran contemplados en los ordenamientos de los países que se integran, pero que igualmente sirven para poner un freno alos intentos de desregular o flexibilizar la normativa socio-laboral

El derecho de huelga en Uruguay

Actualmente nadie duda que la huelga es un derecho-libertad, que se traduce en la potestad de no hacer, no trabajar2, constituyendo un medio de promoción y protección de los intereses y derechos de los trabajadores, ampliamente reconocido no solamente en los ordenamientos internos sino también al máximo nivel internacional (Pactos, Declaraciones, Tratados, Convenciones, etc.)3, lo que proyecta importantes consecuencias jurídicas en torno a la forma en que se debe regular y los alcances que puede tener, así como también respecto a cuáles son los criterios interpretativos de las normas que lo regulan

Performance improvement of a silicon nitride ring resonator biosensor operated in the TM mode at 1310 nm

[EN] Silicon-based ring resonators have been demonstrated to be a key element to build lab-on-chip devices due to their ability to perform as label-free photonic sensors. In this work, we demonstrate photonic biosensing using silicon nitride ring resonators operated in the TM mode around 1310 nm wavelengths. Our results show that operating the devices using the TM mode results in an increased sensitivity in comparison with the typically used TE mode, while working at 1310 nm wavelengths compared to 1550 nm contributes to an increased quality factor. As a result, a reduction in the intrinsic limit of detection is achieved, indicating the suitability of TM modes in the 1310 nm regime for biosensing using integrated photonics.Generalitat Valenciana (IDIFEDER/2018/033, IDIFEDER/2021/061, PROMETEO/2019/123) ; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (ICTS-2017-28-UPV-9) ; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (958855)Castello-Pedero, L.; Gómez-Gómez, MI.; García-Rupérez, J.; Griol Barres, A.; Martínez, A. (2021). Performance improvement of a silicon nitride ring resonator biosensor operated in the TM mode at 1310 nm. Biomedical Optics Express. 12(11):7244-7260. https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.437823S72447260121

Response Surface Optimization of Inulin and Polyphenol Extraction from Artichoke (Cynara scolymus (L.)) Solid Wastes

[EN] Featured Application Recovery of bioactive compounds from artichoke solid wastes. Artichoke wastes after processing represent 60-70% of the raw material and are a potential source of inulin and polyphenols, bioactive compounds that can be valorized as food ingredients or nutraceutical products. The aim of this work was to assess and optimize the extraction of these compounds from artichoke wastes using water or water-ethanol mixtures as extracting agents. For simultaneous inulin and polyphenol extraction and to achieve high antioxidant activity in extracts, the best process conditions using water as an extracting agent were T = 89 degrees C and t = 139 min, where 80% of the inulin content, 60% of the total phenolic content (TPC) and 56% of the antioxidant activity (Aox) were obtained. For water-ethanol extractions, the best results were obtained with EtOH = 22.4%, T = 81 degrees C and t = 217 min, leading to extraction yields of 90% of TPC, 38% of Aox and 58% of inulin content. From these results, we recommend the use of water for the recovery of inulin and polyphenols from artichoke wastes. Although the extraction yield of polyphenols is lower in water treatments, the amount extracted is considerable and it is a greener option when compared with water-ethanol mixtures.Garcia-Castello, EM.; Mayor, L.; Calvo-Ramirez, A.; Ruiz-Melero, R.; Rodríguez López, AD. (2022). Response Surface Optimization of Inulin and Polyphenol Extraction from Artichoke (Cynara scolymus (L.)) Solid Wastes. Applied Sciences. 12(6):1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/app1216795711512

Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load and Clinical Evolution of Pediatric Patients in a General Hospital From Buenos Aires, Argentina

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a wide range of clinical manifestations and severity. Pediatric cases represent <10% of total cases, with a mortality rate below 1%. Data of correlation between SARS-CoV-2 viral load in respiratory samples and severity of disease in pediatric patients is scarce. The cycle threshold (CT) value for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 could be used as an indirect indicator of viral load in analyzed respiratory samples. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe CT values and their correlation with clinical manifestations, epidemiology and laboratory parameters in pediatric patients with confirmed COVID-19. Methods: In this observational, retrospective, analytic and single-center study we included patients under 15 years with confirmed COVID-19 by RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 admitted to the Isidoro Iriarte Hospital (Argentina) between March 1st 2020 and April 30th 2021. Results: 485 patients were included, the distribution according to disease severity was: 84% (408 patients) presented mild disease, 12% (59 patients) moderate disease and 4% (18 patients) severe disease. Patients with moderate and severe illness had an increased hospitalization rate, prolonged hospitalization, higher frequency of comorbidities and oxygen and antibiotics use. CT values, that could be used as an indirect measure of viral load, was associated with severity of clinical manifestations and age under 12 months. No patient required admission to PICU nor mechanical ventilation. No deaths were registered. Conclusions: In this study, the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples, determined by the cycle threshold, was significantly correlated with moderate to severe cases and with age.Fil: Brizuela, Martin Eduardo. Municipalidad de Quilmes (buenos Aires). Hospital Zonal General de Agudos Doctor Isidoro Iriarte.; ArgentinaFil: Goñi, Sandra Elizabeth. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cardama, Georgina Alexandra. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Zinni, María Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Castello, Alejandro Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Sommese, Leandro Matías. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Farina, Hernán Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentin

Water sorption isotherms of globe artichoke leaves

[EN] One third of the artichoke production is used in industrial processes, where up to 70% - 85% of the initial raw material is transformed into solid wastes. For an adequate management of these wastes, it is necessary to know their water sorption properties, because physical, chemical and biological changes which occur during their storage depend on water-solid interactions. The objectives of this work are to experimentally determine equilibrium sorption (adsorption and desorption) data of artichoke wastes at different temperatures (25˚C - 55˚C), as well as correlate and predict water sorption isotherms using bibliographic models. Equilibrium moisture content ranged 0 - 0.6 kg water/kg dry solid (water activity 0.05 - 0.9). Water sorption isotherms were classified between Types II and III. Hysteresis phenomenon was not observed, neither was the dependence of the equilibrium data with temperature. BET, GAB, Oswin and Peleg correlation models were satisfactorily fitted to experimental data. A predictive model based on composition and physical state of artichoke waste components was also successfully used to reproduce experimental data.Author Luis Mayor acknowledges JCI2009-04923 grant to MINECO (Spain).Mayor López, L.; Calvo, A.; Moreira, R.; Fito Maupoey, P.; Garcia-Castello, EM. (2013). Water sorption isotherms of globe artichoke leaves. Agricultural Sciences. 4(9B):63-69. https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2013.49B011S636949

Evaluation of the immunogenicity of a recombinant HSV-1 vector expressing human group C rotavirus VP6 protein

Group C Rotavirus (RVC) has been associated globally with sporadic outbreaks of gastroenteritis in children and adults. RVC also infects animals, and interspecies transmission has been reported as well as its zoonotic potential. Considering its genetic diversity and the absence of effective vaccines, it is important and necessary to develop new generation vaccines against RVC for both humans and animals. The aim of the present study was to develop and characterize an HSV-1-based amplicon vector expressing a human RVC-VP6 protein and evaluate the humoral immune response induced after immunizing BALB/c mice. Local fecal samples positive for RVC were used for isolation and sequencing of the vp6 gene, which phylogenetically belongs to the I2 genotype. We show here that cells infected with the HSV[VP6C] amplicon vector efficiently express the VP6 protein, and induced specific anti-RVC antibodies in mice immunized with HSV[VP6C], in a prime-boost schedule. This work highlights that amplicon vectors are an attractive platform for the generation of safe genetic immunogens against RVC, without the addition of external adjuvants.Fil: Rota, Rosana Paola. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Palacios, Carlos Adolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología "Dr. César Milstein". Fundación Pablo Cassará. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología "Dr. César Milstein"; ArgentinaFil: Temprana, Carlos Facundo. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Argüelles, Marcelo Horacio. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mandile, Marcelo Gastón. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mattion, Nora Marta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología "Dr. César Milstein". Fundación Pablo Cassará. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología "Dr. César Milstein"; ArgentinaFil: Laimbacher, Andrea S.. Universitat Zurich; SuizaFil: Fraefel, Cornell. Universitat Zurich; SuizaFil: Castello, Alejandro Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Almallo de Glikmann, Graciela. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentin

Pre-vaccine rotavirus surveillance in Buenos Aires, Argentina: Characterization of an emergent G1P[8] strain associated to fatal cases in 2014

Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are the most frequent etiological agents causing severe diarrhea in infants and surveillance of genotype, and genetic characteristics of circulating strains are necessary in order to evaluate vaccine programs. The objectives of this work were to describe G and P genotype from 2012 through 2014 in Buenos Aires, Argentina completing an overview of 19 years of genotype surveillance in our region and to characterize an emerging G1P[8] strain associated with severe cases and five fatalities in 2014. We performed genotyping by RT-PCR. The sequencing of several genes, phylogenetic analyses, and comparative epidemiological data were used to know the origin and phylogenetic relationships of the emerging G1P[8] strain. Along with this report, 19 years of continuous RVA genotype surveillance in Argentina in the pre-vaccine era was covered. During the last year of this surveillance, 2014, a significantly increased incidence of RVA associated gastroenteritis was related to the reemergence of G1P[8] strains, being these ones detected in low frequency in the last nine years. Interestingly, the patients affected were significantly older when compared with those from the last six seasons. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis of several genes infer that these G1P[8] strains were closely related to Asian strains circulating during 2012 and 2013. In addition to this, the suggested extra continental origin for the 2014 G1P[8] strains and the very low circulation of G1 type during nine years probably explain the increased incidence and severity in the gastroenteritis cases and the particular epidemiologic characteristics. In conclusion, this work gives us a whole panorama of the pre-vaccine era of the RVA molecular epidemiology in the most populated region of Argentina. In this way, this work inspires us to continue with this type of studies in the post-vaccination era.Fil: Mandile, Marcelo Gastón. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Virologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Argüelles, Marcelo Horacio. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Virologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Temprana, Carlos Facundo. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Virologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Peri Ibañez, Estefania Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Virologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Silvestre, Dalila. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Virologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Musto, Alejandra Beatriz. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Provincial Evita Pueblo.; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez Pérez, Alberto. Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Alberto A. Eurnekian; ArgentinaFil: Mistchenko, Alicia Susana. Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez". Departamento de Medicina; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Almallo de Glikmann, Graciela. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Virologia; ArgentinaFil: Castello, Alejandro Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Virologia; Argentina. Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche; Argentin