El conjunto románico del valle de Boí: patrimonio mundial en un entorno rural

Uno de los principales recursos turísticos en el valle de Boí es el Centre del Romànic, donde ocho iglesias y una ermita fueron declaradas sitio patrimonial de la humanidad en noviembre del año 2000.El Centre del Romànic es la organización que tiene la función de administrar las iglesias románicas y que en julio del 2007 inició una exhibición permanente, un espacio de interpretación que proporciona a los visitantes la oportunidad de profundizar su experiencia con el patrimonio románico del valle de Boí

Evaluación de las experiencias participativas en la gestión local en Cataluña : potencialidades y amenazas

En este artículo reflexionamos sobre la evaluación de la gestión local y las prácticas participativas, que se habían desarrollado como nuevas formas de democracia profunda. Consideramos la evaluación como un paso necesario del proceso de gestión, y también la última etapa, una fase de madurez, de la perspectiva participativa. En este contexto, evaluamos algunas experiencias participativas, impulsadas por los gobiernos locales y financiadas por el gobierno supralocal. Teniendo en cuenta algunas dimensiones contextuales, como la naturaleza de los municipios, su historia participativa y el tipo de proyecto que desarrollan, analizamos el proceso en sí y sus resultados. Vemos que los municipios tienen diferentes concepciones de participación e implementación, en consecuencia, diferentes estrategias para desarrollar estos procesos, motivando básicamente la participación asociativa, abriendo muy pocas líneas para la cooperación interdepartamental, no utilizando prácticas innovadoras cuando faltan algunos profesionales y, finalmente, considerando las prácticas participativas marginales, en lugar de estructurales. Aun así, teniendo en cuenta algunas debilidades, los procesos analizados nos muestran, por un lado, la extensión y diversidad de estas herramientas a nivel local, y por el otro, algunas potencialidades y oportunidades importantes

Proyecto de prevención en trastornos de la conducta alimentaria para jóvenes adolescentes

En este proyecto de intervención tenemos como principales objetivos indagar e investigar sobre los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) y conocer la realidad de los mismos, para posteriormente poder tratar la prevención de dichos trastornos en los adolescentes. Hemos elegido la prevención en adolescentes porque creemos que el Trabajo Social tiene mucho que aportar en el trabajo con este colectivo, ya que dentro de estos tipos de trastornos, claramente hay una vinculación al medio social, (familia, sociedad, grupo de iguales, medios de comunicación, etc.). El papel de un trabajador social puede favorecer mucho en las medidas que se tomen en cuanto a prevención, detección y tratamiento. Además, la etapa de la vida que están viviendo los adolescentes les convierte en uno de los grupos más vulnerables dentro de la sociedad, por lo que consideramos los TCA como un problema social latente en la actualidad y en continuo crecimiento

The needs of the metropolitan population from the residential areas: the socio-environmental endowments: housing, equipment and green spaces

Entender las necesidades de la población, de vivienda y otras dotaciones desde la lógica territorial del urbanismo, debe servir para establecer propuestas de crecimiento y rehabilitación en base a un uso eficiente del suelo. El Área Metropolitana de Barcelona está compuesta por 36 municipios, donde se entremezclan múltiples identidades que deben compartir la misma consciencia metropolitana. La aceptación del valor de esta complejidad realza aquello que es específico y singular, y permite preservarlo. El PDU apuesta por una mirada inclusiva, a partir del conocimiento de las necesidades de la población metropolitana en cuanto a equipamientos, espacios verdes o vivienda, en un territorio que tienda al equilibrio funcional y a la continuidad física. La intervención en estos aspectos debe conducirnos a una sociedad más cohesionada, equitativa y segura. Estas necesidades se concretan a partir de la diagnosis de los asentamientos urbanos, donde los ciudadanos desarrollan sus funciones cotidianas en base a cuatro aspectos fundamentales: la forma urbana, la función, la situación relativa y el rol metropolitano. Esta ponencia se centra en: • La caracterización de los tejidos residenciales del área metropolitana de Barcelona. • La diagnosis de las necesidades de la población metropolitana: las dotaciones socioambientales. • Los retos metropolitanos en materia de vivienda.Understanding housing and facilities needs from the territorial logic of urban planning, must lead us to establish proposals for new developments and renovation projects based on efficient use of land. The Barcelona Metropolitan Area is composed by 36 municipalities with multiple particular identities which must share the same metropolitan awareness. Accepting the value of this complexity enhances what is specific and unique, and allows it to be preserved. The Metropolitan Urban Master Plan (PDU) is committed to an inclusive urban perspective based on a deep knowledge of the metropolitan popula- tion’s needs regarding facilities, green spaces or housing, evolving towards a territorial functional balance and physical continuity. Intervention in these matters must lead us to increase social cohesion and to build a more equitable and secure society. These population needs are determined through a deep diagnosis of urban settlements, where citizens carry out their daily life. In the case of the metropolitan area, the following factors should to be taken into account: the urban form, the function, the relative situation and the metropolitan role. This paper focus on: • The characterization of the residential fabrics of the metropolitan area of Barcelona. • The diagnosis of the metropolitan population’s needs: the socio-environmental provisions.Peer Reviewe

Metropolitan population’s needs from residential fabrics: socio-environmental provisions: housing, facilities and green spaces

El problema del acceso a la vivienda es una de las principales preocupaciones de los ciudadanos y también una de las causas de la segregación urbana, en relación con la distribución de la población en el territorio. Entender las necesidades de vivienda desde la lógica territorial del urbanismo debe servir para establecer propuestas de crecimiento y rehabilitación en base a un uso eficiente del suelo. El Área Metropolitana de Barcelona está compuesta por 36 municipios, donde se entremezclan múltiples identidades que deben compartir la misma consciencia metropolitana. La aceptación del valor de esta complejidad realza aquello que es específico y singular, y permite preservarlo. El PDU apuesta por una mirada inclusiva, a partir del conocimiento de las necesidades de la población metropolitana en cuanto a equipamientos, espacios verdes o vivienda, en un territorio que tienda al equilibrio funcional y a la continuidad física. La intervención en estos aspectos debe conducirnos a una sociedad más cohesionada, equitativa y segura. Estas necesidades se concretan a partir de la diagnosis de los asentamientos urbanos, donde los ciudadanos desarrollan sus funciones cotidianas en base a cuatro aspectos fundamentales: la forma urbana, la función, la situación relativa y el rol metropolitano. Esta ponencia se centra en: La caracterización de los tejidos residenciales del área metropolitana de Barcelona. La diagnosis de las necesidades de la población metropolitana: las dotaciones socioambientales. Los retos metropolitanos en materia de vivienda.Affordability and access to housing is one of the main citizen concerns and also one of the causes of spatial segregation, in relation to the distribution of the population on the territory. Understanding housing needs from the territorial logic of urban planning, must lead us to establish proposals for new developments and renovation projects based on efficient use of land. The Barcelona Metropolitan Area is composed by 36 municipalities with multiple particular identities which must share the same metropolitan awareness. Accepting the value of this complexity enhances what is specific and unique, and allows it to be preserved. The Metropolitan Urban Master Plan (PDU) is committed to an inclusive urban perspective based on a deep knowledge of the metropolitan population’s needs regarding facilities, green spaces or housing, evolving towards a territorial functional balance and physical continuity. Intervention in these matters must lead us to increase social cohesion and to build a more equitable and secure society. These population needs are determined through a deep diagnosis of urban settlements, where citizens carry out their daily life. In the case of the metropolitan area, the following factors should to be taken into account: the urban form, the function, the relative situation and the metropolitan role. This paper focus on: The characterization of the residential fabrics of the metropolitan area of Barcelona. The diagnosis of the metropolitan population’s needs: the socio-environmental provisions. The metropolitan challenges regarding housing

Impact of the Introduction of a Two-Step Laboratory Diagnostic Algorithm in the Incidence and Earlier Diagnosis of Clostridioides difficile Infection

Our aim was to determine changes in the incidence of CD infection (CDI) following the introduction of a two-step diagnostic algorithm and to analyze CDI cases diagnosed in the study period. We retrospectively studied CDI (January 2009 to July 2018) in adults diagnosed by toxin enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (2009-2012) or toxin-EIA + polymerase chain reaction (PCR) algorithm (2013 onwards). A total of 443 patients with a first episode of CDI were included, 297 (67.1%) toxin-EIA-positive and 146 (32.9%) toxin-EIA-negative/PCR-positive were only identified through the two-step algorithm including the PCR test. The incidence of CDI increased from 0.9 to 4.7/10,000 patient-days (p < 0.01) and 146 (32.9%) toxin-negative CDI were diagnosed. Testing rate increased from 24.4 to 59.5/10,000 patient-days (p < 0.01) and the percentage of positive stools rose from 3.9% to 12.5% (p < 0.01). CD toxin-positive patients had a higher frequency of severe presentation and a lower rate of immunosuppressive drugs and inflammatory bowel disease. Mortality (16.3%) was significantly higher in patients with hematological neoplasm, intensive care unit admission and complicated disease. Recurrences (14.9%) were significantly higher with proton pump inhibitor exposure. The two-step diagnostic algorithm facilitates earlier diagnosis, potentially impacting patient outcomes and nosocomial spread. CD-toxin-positive patients had a more severe clinical presentation, probably due to increased CD bacterial load with higher toxin concentration. This early and easy marker should alert clinicians of potentially more severe outcomes

Unravelling the Encapsulation of DNA and Other Biomolecules in HAp Microcalcifications of Human Breast Cancer Tissues by Raman Imaging

Microcalcifications are detected through mammography screening and, depending on their morphology and distribution (BI-RADS classification), they can be considered one of the first indicators of suspicious cancer lesions. However, the formation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) calcifications and their relationship with malignancy remains unknown. In this work, we report the most detailed three-dimensional biochemical analysis of breast cancer microcalcifications to date, combining 3D Raman spectroscopy imaging and advanced multivariate analysis in order to investigate in depth the molecular composition of HAp calcifications found in 26 breast cancer tissue biopsies. We demonstrate that DNA has been naturally adsorbed and encapsulated inside HAp microcalcifications. Furthermore, we also show the encapsulation of other relevant biomolecules in HAp calcifications, such as lipids, proteins, cytochrome C and polysaccharides. The demonstration of natural DNA biomineralization, particularly in the tumor microenvironment, represents an unprecedented advance in the field, as it can pave the way to understanding the role of HAp in malignant tissues

Evaluation of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy as a First-Line Typing Tool for the Identification of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Outbreaks in the Hospital Setting

Early detection of pathogen cross-transmission events and environmental reservoirs is needed to control derived nosocomial outbreaks. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is considered the gold standard for outbreak confirmation, but, in most cases, it is time-consuming and has elevated costs. Consequently, the timely incorporation of WGS results to conventional epidemiology (CE) investigations for rapid outbreak detection is scarce. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a rapid technique that establishes similarity among bacteria based on the comparison of infrared light absorption patterns of bacterial polysaccharides and has been used as a typing tool in recent studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of the FTIR as a first-line typing tool for the identification of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-Kp) outbreaks in the hospital setting in comparison with CE investigations using WGS as the gold standard method. Sixty-three isolates of ESBL-Kp collected from 2018 to 2021 and classified according to CE were typed by both FTIR and WGS. Concordance was measured using the Adjusted Rand index (AR) and the Adjusted Wallace coefficient (AW) for both CE and FTIR clustering considering WGS as the reference method. Both AR and AW were significantly higher for FTIR clustering than CE clustering (0.475 vs. 0.134, p = 0.01, and 0.521 vs. 0.134, p = 0.009, respectively). Accordingly, FTIR inferred more true clustering relationships than CE (38/42 vs. 24/42, p = 0.001). However, a similar proportion of genomic singletons was detected by both FTIR and CE (13/21 vs. 12/21, p = 1). This study demonstrates the utility of the FTIR method as a quick, low-cost, first-line tool for the detection of ESBL-Kp outbreaks, while WGS analyses are being performed for outbreak confirmation and isolate characterization. Thus, clinical microbiology laboratories would benefit from integrating the FTIR method into CE investigations for infection control measures in the hospital setting.We thank the Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Translational Genomics Core Facility and staff for their contribution to this publication. We also thank CERCA Programme/Government of Catalonia for their support to the IGTP.S

Evaluation of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy as a First-Line Typing Tool for the Identification of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Outbreaks in the Hospital Setting

Early detection of pathogen cross-transmission events and environmental reservoirs is needed to control derived nosocomial outbreaks. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is considered the gold standard for outbreak confirmation, but, in most cases, it is time-consuming and has elevated costs. Consequently, the timely incorporation of WGS results to conventional epidemiology (CE) investigations for rapid outbreak detection is scarce. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a rapid technique that establishes similarity among bacteria based on the comparison of infrared light absorption patterns of bacterial polysaccharides and has been used as a typing tool in recent studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of the FTIR as a first-line typing tool for the identification of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-Kp) outbreaks in the hospital setting in comparison with CE investigations using WGS as the gold standard method. Sixty-three isolates of ESBL-Kp collected from 2018 to 2021 and classified according to CE were typed by both FTIR and WGS. Concordance was measured using the Adjusted Rand index (AR) and the Adjusted Wallace coefficient (AW) for both CE and FTIR clustering considering WGS as the reference method. Both AR and AW were significantly higher for FTIR clustering than CE clustering (0.475 vs. 0.134, p = 0.01, and 0.521 vs. 0.134, p = 0.009, respectively). Accordingly, FTIR inferred more true clustering relationships than CE (38/42 vs. 24/42, p = 0.001). However, a similar proportion of genomic singletons was detected by both FTIR and CE (13/21 vs. 12/21, p = 1). This study demonstrates the utility of the FTIR method as a quick, low-cost, first-line tool for the detection of ESBL-Kp outbreaks, while WGS analyses are being performed for outbreak confirmation and isolate characterization. Thus, clinical microbiology laboratories would benefit from integrating the FTIR method into CE investigations for infection control measures in the hospital setting

Mesures excepcionals d’optimització i alternatives als EPI en situació d’emergència de COVID-19

Equips de protecció individual; EPI; Mesures d'optimització; Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 2019-nCoVEquipos de protección individual; EPI; Medidas de optimización; Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 2019-nCoVPersonal protective equipment; EPI; Optimization measures; Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 2019-nCoVEl propòsit del present document és facilitar les recomanacions més segures possibles relacionades amb l’optimització dels equips de protecció individual (EPI) en el present context de pandèmia per COVID-19 i per actuar davant de possibles desabastiments d’aquests equipaments