Energy efficiency in discrete-manufacturing systems: insights, trends, and control strategies

Since the depletion of fossil energy sources, rising energy prices, and governmental regulation restrictions, the current manufacturing industry is shifting towards more efficient and sustainable systems. This transformation has promoted the identification of energy saving opportunities and the development of new technologies and strategies oriented to improve the energy efficiency of such systems. This paper outlines and discusses most of the research reported during the last decade regarding energy efficiency in manufacturing systems, the current technologies and strategies to improve that efficiency, identifying and remarking those related to the design of management/control strategies. Based on this fact, this paper aims to provide a review of strategies for reducing energy consumption and optimizing the use of resources within a plant into the context of discrete manufacturing. The review performed concerning the current context of manufacturing systems, control systems implemented, and their transformation towards Industry 4.0 might be useful in both the academic and industrial dimension to identify trends and critical points and suggest further research lines.Peer ReviewedPreprin

Overall policy with a model of recycling for homes in Bogotá city

Actualmente, los seres humanos desarrollan métodos innovadores para minimizar el impacto ambiental por medio de la utilización eficiente de los recursos naturales, enfrentando así los problemas del manejo inadecuado de desechos y mitigando el daño resultante del aceleramiento industrial en la sociedad. Sin embargo ¿es posible importar y aplicar un modelo de reciclaje de un país a otro aunque su cultura sea distinta? En verdad son muy pocas las sociedades que aplican modelos ecológicos extranjeros, atribuyendo su ineficiencia a la disfuncionalidad gubernamental local y a la carencia de recursos que les permita llevar a cabo estas ideas, pero no tienen en cuenta el retorno de la inversión, los beneficios de la ejecución de proyectos de inversión social, y varios factores positivos que solo se evidencian con una adecuada gestión de proyectos, claro está en un entorno ideal, es decir libre de corrupción. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la implementación de políticas mediante un modelo de reciclaje para hogares en la ciudad de Bogotá, planteando como base la situación actual, analizando los métodos de recolección de residuos reutilizables en Bogotá como en otros países, generando un modelo hipotético con los datos encontrados y determinando las políticas adecuadas para el funcionamiento sostenible del modelo propuesto. Lo anterior, mediante el estudio de datos estadísticos referentes al tema determinado, estableciendo un estimado de costos, un análisis financiero con cifras aproximadas, finalizando con la aplicación de una matriz para evidenciar los factores de riesgo del modelo a establecer, mediante el método medible de Mosler.Currently, humans develop innovative methods to minimize environmental impact through the efficient use of natural resources; dealing with problems of inadequate waste management, and mitigating the damage resulting, because of industrial acceleration in the society. But, is it possible to import and apply a recycling model from one country to another, but their culture is different? Certainly, very few societies applying foreign ecological models, attributing its inefficiency to the local no functional government, and lack of resources to enable them, to lead these ideas, but do not consider the return on investment, the benefits of implementation of social investment projects, and several positive factors that are evident, only with a proper project management in an ideal environment, that is free of corruption. The objective of this paper is to analyze the implementation of policies through a model of recycling households in Bogotá, considering as a basis the current situation, analyzing the methods of collecting recyclable waste in Bogotá, and other countries, creating a hypothetical model with data existing and determining the policies appropriates for the sustainable operation of the proposed model. This is possible, with studies about statistical data concerning the given topic, establishing a cost estimate, a financial analysis with approximate values, ending with the application of a matrix, to demonstrate the risk factors of the model set by the measurable method Mosler

Las garantías y la tutela judicial en la etapa de indagación e investigación en el proceso penal

El presente artículo analiza la problemática, que surge de la aplicación de las garantías judiciales y de la tutela judicial en la etapa de indagación e investigación en el sistema penal oral acusatorio, toda vez que no puede haber justicia o acceso a la justicia sin garantías para los sujetos que en ella intervienen. Por otra parte, tal y como lo establece el artículo 10 de la Ley 600 de 2000 el Acceso a la Administración de Justicia , lo debe garantizar el estado a todas las personas. En este sentido se pretende construir una premisa teórica respecto de las garantías judiciales y la tutela judicial, teniendo en cuenta los cambios constitucionales que han incidido en nuestra cultura jurídico penal, desde el punto de vista de las necesidades de la administración de justicia, en el marco de los principios y derechos fundamentales consagrados en la Constitución Política de 1991"This article analyzes the problems arising from the implementation of judicial guarantees and judicial protection in the stage of investigation and research in the Oral accusatory Penal System, every time thatthere can be no justice or access to justice without guarantees for persons involved in stractit. On the other hand, as established in article 10 of the law 600 of 2000 ""access to the administration of Justice"", must guarantee it State to all persons. In this sense is intended to build a theoretical premise on the judicial guarantees and judicial protection, taking into account the constitutional changes that have influenced our culture legal criminal, from the point of view of the requirements of the administration of justice within the framework of the principles and fundamental rights enshrined in the Constitution of 1991

Las garantías y la tutela judicial en la etapa de indagación e investigación en el proceso penal

El presente artículo analiza la problemática, que surge de la aplicación de las garantías judiciales y de la tutela judicial en la etapa de indagación e investigación en el sistema penal oral acusatorio, toda vez que no puede haber justicia o acceso a la justicia sin garantías para los sujetos que en ella intervienen. Por otra parte, tal y como lo establece el artículo 10 de la Ley 600 de 2000 el Acceso a la Administración de Justicia , lo debe garantizar el estado a todas las personas. En este sentido se pretende construir una premisa teórica respecto de las garantías judiciales y la tutela judicial, teniendo en cuenta los cambios constitucionales que han incidido en nuestra cultura jurídico penal, desde el punto de vista de las necesidades de la administración de justicia, en el marco de los principios y derechos fundamentales consagrados en la Constitución Política de 1991"This article analyzes the problems arising from the implementation of judicial guarantees and judicial protection in the stage of investigation and research in the Oral accusatory Penal System, every time thatthere can be no justice or access to justice without guarantees for persons involved in stractit. On the other hand, as established in article 10 of the law 600 of 2000 ""access to the administration of Justice"", must guarantee it State to all persons. In this sense is intended to build a theoretical premise on the judicial guarantees and judicial protection, taking into account the constitutional changes that have influenced our culture legal criminal, from the point of view of the requirements of the administration of justice within the framework of the principles and fundamental rights enshrined in the Constitution of 1991

Diccionario interactivo ilustrado técnico bilingüe : herramientas, materiales y elementos para la construcción y afines

Diccionario producto de la colaboración de instructores de los programas de construcción, automatismos, refrigeración, motores y carpintería del Centro de Operación y Mantenimiento Minero del SENA, en el que se recopila alfabéticamente en idioma inglés y de forma visual los materiales y equipos utilizados comúnmente en construcción así como su definición y su traducción al español.Dictionary product of the collaboration of instructors of the programs of construction, automatisms, refrigeration, motors and carpentry of the Center of Operation and Mining Maintenance of the SENA, in which the materials and equipment commonly used in English are collected alphabetically in English language construction as well as its definition and its translation into Spanish.Aa-Bb--Cc-Dd--Ee-Ff--Gg-Hh--Ii-Jj--Kk-Ll--Mm-Nn--Oo-Pp--Qq-Rr--10.Ss-Tt-- Uu-Vv--Ww--Contrucction Program--Automation Program--Refrigeration Program--Automotive ProgramnaTítulo en portada “Diccionario interactivo técnico ilustrado bilingüe; materiales, herramientas y elementos para la construcción y afines”204 página

Economic model predictive control for optimal operation of combined heat and power systems

© 2019. ElsevierThe use of decentralized Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plants is increasing since the high levels of efficiency they can achieve. Hence, to determine the optimal operation of these systems in the changing energy market, the time-varying price profiles for both electricity as well as the required resources and the energy-market constraints should be considered into the design of the control strategies. To solve these issues and maximize the profit during the operation of the CHP plant, this paper proposes an optimization-based controller, which will be designed according to the Economic Model Predictive Control (EMPC) approach. The proposed controller is designed considering a non-constant time step to get a high sampling frequency for the near instants and a lower resolution for the far instants. Besides, a soft constraint to met the market constraints for the sale of electric power is proposed. The proposed controller is developed based on a real CHP plant installed in the ETA research factory in Darmstadt, Germany. Simulation results show that lower computational time can be achieved if a non-constant step time is implemented while the market constraints are satisfied.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Optimal operation of combined heat and power systems: an optimization-based control strategy

The use of decentralized Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plants is increasing since the high levels of efficiency they can achieve. Thus, to determine the optimal operation of these systems in dynamic energy-market scenarios, operational constraints and the time-varying price profiles for both electricity and the required resources should be taken into account. In order to maximize the profit during the operation of the CHP plant, this paper proposes an optimization-based controller designed according to the Economic Model Predictive Control (EMPC) approach, which uses a non-constant time step along the prediction horizon to get a shorter step size at the beginning of that horizon while a lower resolution for the far instants. Besides, a softening of related constraints to meet the market requirements related to the sale of electric power to the grid point is proposed. Simulation results show that the computational burden to solve optimization problems in real time is reduced while minimizing operational costs and satisfying the market constraints. The proposed controller is developed based on a real CHP plant installed at the ETA research factory in Darmstadt, Germany.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

An optimization-based control strategy for energy efficiency of discrete manufacturing systems

In order to reduce the global energy consumption and avoid highest power peaks during operation of manufacturing systems, an optimization-based controller for selective switching on/off of peripheral devices in a test bench that emulates the energy consumption of a periodic system is proposed. First, energy consumption models for the test-bench devices are obtained based on data and subspace identification methods. Next, a control strategy is designed based on both optimization and receding horizon approach, considering the energy consumption models, operating constraints, and the real processes performed by peripheral devices. Thus, a control policy based on dynamical models of peripheral devices is proposed to reduce the energy consumption of the manufacturing systems without sacrificing the productivity. Afterward, the proposed strategy is validated in the test bench and comparing to a typical rule-based control scheme commonly used for these manufacturing systems. Based on the obtained results, reductions near 7% could be achieved allowing improvements in energy efficiency via minimization of the energy costs related to nominal power purchased.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft