Abiotrophia defectiva knee prosthesis infection: A case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Abiotrophia </it>species have rarely been implicated in osteoarticular infections. We report one case of an <it>A. defectiva </it>knee prosthesis infection.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 71-year-old man of Italian origin presented with pain and swelling of the knee four years after the implantation of a total knee replacement prosthesis. While standard culturing of the synovial fluid resulted in no isolation of microorganisms, the direct inoculation of the synovial fluid into a rich culture medium resulted in the identification of <it>A. defectiva </it>by polymerase chain reaction sequencing. Repeated attempts of culturing microorganisms from blood were negative, and echocardiograms and colonoscopies were unremarkable. High-dose amoxicillin for nine months and a two-stage replacement of the knee prosthesis led to full patient recovery by the time of the 12-month follow-up examination.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Because <it>Abiotrophia </it>spp. are fastidious microorganisms, it is likely that cases of <it>Abiotrophia </it>orthopedic infection are misdiagnosed as culture-negative infections. Direct inoculation of synovial fluids into rich broth medium and further polymerase chain reaction-based detection of culture-negative synovial fluids are key tests for accurate documentation and detection of these infections.</p

Early-life gut dysbiosis linked to juvenile mortality in ostriches

Imbalances in the gut microbial community (dysbiosis) of vertebrates have been associated with several gastrointestinal and autoimmune diseases. However, it is unclear which taxa are associated with gut dysbiosis, and if particular gut regions or specific time periods during ontogeny are more susceptible. We also know very little of this process in non-model organisms, despite an increasing realization of the general importance of gut microbiota for health

Gut microbiota and the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a devastating intestinal disease in preterm neonates. In this population, disruption of the gut microbiota development, mainly due to organ immaturity, antibiotic use and hospital microbial environment, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of NEC. This gut dysbiosis has been associated with opportunistic pathogens overgrowth, expression of virulence factors, altered metabolic functions and inflammatory dysregulated responses. In this review, we provide an updated summary of the host and gut microbiota interactions during the formative early life. We also explore the key determinants of gut dysbiosis in preterm neonates with NEC. Finally, we discuss the promising role of bacteriotherapy in the management of NEC, the aim being to shape or restore the beneficial gut bacterial communities

Clostridium butyricum: from beneficial to a new emerging pathogen

International audienceClostridium butyricum, a strictly anaerobic spore-forming bacillus, is a common human and animal gut commensal bacterium, and is also frequently found in the environment. Whereas non-toxigenic strains are currently used as probiotics in Asia, other strains have been implicated in pathological conditions, such as botulism in infants or necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates. In terms of the latter, within the same species, different strains have antagonist effects on the intestinal mucosa. In particular, short-chain fatty acids, which are products of carbohydrate fermentation, have a dose-dependent paradoxical effect. Moreover, toxin genes have been identified by genome sequencing in pathological strains. Asymptomatic carriage of these strains has also been reported. Herein, we provide an overview of the implications of C. butyricum for human health, from the beneficial to the pathogenic. We focus on pathogenic strains associated with the occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis. We also discuss the need to use complementary microbiological methods, including culture, in order to better assess gut bacterial diversity and identify new emergent enteropathogens at the strain level. (C) 2015 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

“Lachnoclostridium bouchesdurhonense,” a new bacterial species isolated from human gut microbiota

We report the main characteristics of “Lachnoclostridium bouchesdurhonense” strain AT5T (=CSUR P2181), a new bacterial species isolated from the gut microbiota of an obese patient from Marseille

‘Selenomonas massiliensis,’ a new anaerobic bacterial species isolated from human oral microbiota

International audienc

“Lachnoclostridium touaregense,” a new bacterial species isolated from the human gut microbiota

We report the main characteristics of “Lachnoclostridium touaregense” strain Marseille-P2415T (= CSUR P2415 = DSM 102219), a new bacterial species isolated from the gut microbiota of a healthy young girl from Niger

‘Lachnoclostridium massiliosenegalense’, a new bacterial species isolated from the human gut microbiota

We report the main characteristics of ‘Lachnoclostridium massiliosenegalense’ strain mt23T (=CSUR P299 =DSM 102084), a new bacterial species isolated from the gut microbiota of a healthy young girl from Senegal