Early-life gut dysbiosis linked to juvenile mortality in ostriches

Imbalances in the gut microbial community (dysbiosis) of vertebrates have been associated with several gastrointestinal and autoimmune diseases. However, it is unclear which taxa are associated with gut dysbiosis, and if particular gut regions or specific time periods during ontogeny are more susceptible. We also know very little of this process in non-model organisms, despite an increasing realization of the general importance of gut microbiota for health

“Lachnoclostridium bouchesdurhonense,” a new bacterial species isolated from human gut microbiota

We report the main characteristics of “Lachnoclostridium bouchesdurhonense” strain AT5T (=CSUR P2181), a new bacterial species isolated from the gut microbiota of an obese patient from Marseille

Comparative Study of Perovskites as Cathode Contact Materials between La0.8Sr0.2FeO3 Cathode and Crofer22APU Interconnect in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Perovskites of different compositions were tested as cathode contact material between an La0.8Sr0.2FeO3 cathode and a Crofer22APU interconnect by resistance measurements at 800 degrees C. The materials tested were LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3 and La0.8Sr0.2FeO3 which are also used as cathodes; La0.8Sr0.2Mn0.5Co0.5O3 and La0.8Sr0.2Mn0.1Co0.3Fe0.6O3, selected for comparing perovskites with different Mn contents; and La0.8Sr0.2Co0.75Fe0.25O3 and La0.8Sr0.2Co0.75Cu0.25O3 for comparing perovskites with high Co content and two possible partial substitutions of the Co. The initial area-specific contact resistance (ASR) was found to depend on the electrical conductivity of the measured perovskites. Time evolution of the ASR depended on the interactions between the contact material and the interconnect, showing the highest degradation rates for LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3 and La0.8Sr0.2FeO3. Chromium from the interconnect reacted with the Sr-containing perovskites forming SrCrO4. With the contact material without strontium chromium-containing perovskites were formed. A reduced interfacial reaction was achieved by application of a MnCo1.9Fe0.1O4 spinel protection layer on Crofer22APU in terms resulting in low and stable ASR. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Raman evidence of the formation of LT-LiCoO2 thin layers on NiO in molten carbonate at 650°C

International audienc

Effect of Co2 and Melt Decarbonation On the Dimerization of Methane in Molten Li2co3-na2co3-k2co3 Supported By Lialo2 Or Li2tio3 At 750-850-degrees-c

The oxidative dimerization of methane was investigated at 750-850 degrees C in Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3 immobilized within LiAlO2 or Li2TiO3 supports. Catalytic performance was enhanced with moderate melt decarbonation (i.e. with molten phase/LiAlO2 at 850 degrees C: CH4 conversion of 25% and C-2 yield of 12.5%), then dramatically fell with the precipitation of sodium and lithium oxide. The effect of the partial pressure of CO2 was analyzed. As in the case of binary carbonate eutectics, catalytic activity of the ternary melt was correlated with the presence of peroxide species. This activity was more important when using LiAlO2 support

Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of nanorods, nanocolumnar ceria based thin films on different glass substrates

Nanorods, nanocolumnar-based ceria thin films were electrodeposited onto (FTO) or (ITO) glass substrates, at room temperature. Cubic fluorite type ceria nanostructured films of high crystal quality were synthesized on both substrates, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that a substrate is a structure-directing agent for the growth process of ceria. Columnar-like particles were grown on ITO, and a rod-like ceria on the FTO substrate. It was shown that, by selecting type of the conductive film on glass substrate and cleaning procedure, one-dimensional (1-D) rod-like ceria structures can grow on the FTO-covered substrate, by electrodeposition. (C) 2010 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved

Evaluation of Commercial Alloys as Cathode Current Collector for Metal-Supported Tubular SOFCs

Ferritic stainless steels have become promising candidate materials for interconnects in tubular metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks. A number of ferritic alloys containing between 18 and 26 mass% Cr and discrete changes in minor alloying elements and reactive elements were isothermally oxidized at 800 degrees C in air and their electrical resistance was measured with the objective of obtaining an overview of the properties relevant for applications for cathode side interconnect. The alloys containing Mn showed a (Mn,Cr)(3)O-4 spinel layer on top of a Cr2O3 oxide. The electrical conductivity of the steels forming this kind of oxide layer was higher than the measured for only Cr2O3 former or oxide dispersion strengthened alloys and increased when the alloy contained Ti or Nb. Oxide scale spallation was observed for F18TNb and E-Brite, both containing Si. The influence of different cyclic oxidations was studied for the Crofer22APU steel, showing an irregular oxide growth as well as an increase in conductivity of the oxide scale formed when 12-h cycles were applied. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved