THE USE OF A SINGLE INERTIAL SENSOR TO ESTIMATE GROUND REACTION FORCE DURING RUNNING: A PILOT STUDY

Inertial sensors have the potential to measure and monitor loads during running in ecologically valid settings. The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of an inertial sensor to estimate ground reaction force from resultant acceleration in comparison to a force plate (FP). An inertial sensor was placed on the sacrum of three participants who undertook six runs at 3, 4 and 5 m/s over a FP. A strong correlation (r = 0.94) was observed for resultant step average force; with moderate CV % (9.20 %) and root mean square error (RMSE) (10.31 %) between the FP and force estimate derived from acceleration (FAcc). Moderate correlation (r = 0.52), large CV % (25.55 %) and RMSE (36.22 %) were observed for peak resultant ground reaction force. Inertial sensors have potential to estimate average force, but should be used with caution due to the error compared with FP data (\u3e 10 %)

THE COORDINATION VARIABILITY OF ‘TRADITIONAL’ AND ‘SPECIFIC’ SPRINT TRAINING EXERCISES COMPARED TO HIGH SPEED RUNNING.

This study aimed to compare specificity of three different resistance training exercises (Back Squat (BS), Bulgarian Split Squat (BSS), and Single-Leg Romanian Deadlift (SL-RDL) compared to high speed running (HSR). Three-dimensional kinematic data were collected from 6 males (age 22.2 ± 1.6 years, height 1.85 ± 0.05 m, mass 77.55 ± 6.50 kg) who completed two sets of six repetitions with two repetitions in reserve for each resistance training exercise and two 10 second treadmill runs at 20 kph (5.56 m/s). Kinematic results from the hip, knee and ankle (max. flexion, max. extension, and range of motion) revealed there was not an exercise that was consistently similar to HSR. Coordination profiling revealed the BS exercise had similarities to HSR across all three joints, however the BSS did show greater specificity at the hip

JOINT KINEMATICS DURING INDOOR BEND SPRINTING

The aim of this study was to identify the effect of radius on lower extremity joint kinematics during indoor bend sprinting. Kinematic data (250 Hz) were collected from eight well-trained sprinters during two ~80 m sprints in banked lanes 2 and lane 4. One-dimensional Statistical Parametric Mapping was used to analyse lower extremity joint kinematics during the stance phase. Similar to previous bend sprinting research, this study found the left limb appears to adopt an adduction and eversion strategy during left stance to control the movement demands of bend sprinting. Furthermore, significant inter-limb asymmetry occurred primarily in lane 2, highlighting that tightening the radii of the lane brought about increased inter-limb asymmetry

AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECT OF LANE RADIUS ON STEP CHARACTERISITCS IN INDOOR BEND SPRINTING

The study aimed to identify the effect of radius on step characteristics during bend sprinting. Eight sprinters undertook two ~80 m sprints in two different conditions through two capture areas (straight and bend) collecting whole-body kinematic data. Step Velocity on the straight was lower than Lane 2 on the bend for the left-to-right step, brought about by a greater Step frequency (SF). Right-to-left SF was significantly lower in Lane 4 in comparison to the straight due to a greater step time. Step time was greater in Lane 4 for the right step compared to Lane 2. A greater SF was observed for the left step compared to the right step in Lane 4 whilst a greater flight time was seen for the left step in Lane 2. Therefore, lane radius typical of indoor competition elicits performance changes during bend sprinting, warrenting further biomechanical analysis

WHOLE BODY DYNAMIC POSTURAL CONTROL DURING BEND RUNNING

Bend running on an indoor track is influenced by differing structural constraints including banking and radii of the curve. Regardless of these constraints, an athlete must preserve whole-body postural control to maintain their running speed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which banking (banked v flat) and radii (lane 2 v lane 4) of a 200m indoor track influences whole centre of mass (CoM) during sprint running. When running in both lane 2 and lane 4, athletes’ CoM was closer to their inside foot when the track was banked compared to flat (p \u3c 0.05, 0-100% of stance). In conjunction with increased CoM anterior velocity identified for the banked condition (p \u3c 0.05, 0-100% of stance), the findings highlighted banking of the curve to be the preferable structural constraints for whole-body postural control, compared to a flat track

Acceptability of Aggression Among Children Who Reside With Substance-Abusing Parents: The Influence of Behavioral Dysregulation, Exposure to Neighborhood Violence, and Interparental Violence

The present study examined how interparental violence, neighborhood violence, behavioral regulation during parental conflict, and age predicted beliefs about the acceptability of aggression and the acceptance of retaliation against an aggressive peer among youths. Participants were 110 families (mothers, fathers, and children) in which one or both parents met criteria for substance use disorder. Results of a bootstrapped multivariate regression model revealed higher exposure to neighborhood violence predicted greater acceptability of general aggression, whereas higher father-to-mother violence perpetration predicted lower acceptability of general aggression. Higher exposure to neighborhood violence, behavioral dysregulation during parental conflict, and older child age predicted greater approval of retaliation toward an aggressive peer. Findings are interpreted as related to the cognitive-contextual framework

Evaluation of the Outcomes in Three Therapeutic Courts

The legislature asked for this report when it created the Anchorage Felony DUI Court and the Bethel Therapeutic Court. The Department of Health and Social Services, Division of Behavioral Health, funded the evaluation at the request of the governor. Thus it is a report that exemplifies inter-branch collaboration on an important policy issue in the criminal justice system

Transparent, Flexible, Superomniphobic Surfaces with Ultra‐Low Contact Angle Hysteresis

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/101812/1/ange_201307222_sm_miscellaneous_information.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/101812/2/13245_ftp.pd

Assessment of ridden horse behavior

Assessments of the behavior of ridden horses form the basis of performance evaluation. The purpose of any performance being evaluated will determine the factors considered important, those indicative of 'poor' performance and what makes a successful equine athlete. Currently there is no consistent objective means of assessing ridden horse behavior and inevitably, given the different equestrian disciplines, the likelihood of a universal standard of good and bad performance is remote. Nevertheless, in order to protect the welfare of the ridden horse regardless of its specific role, we should strive for consensus on an objective means of identifying behavioral signs indicative of mental state. Current technological developments enable objective evaluation of movement patterns, but many aspects of the assessment of ridden behavior still rely on subjective judgement. The development of a list of behaviors exhibited by ridden horses, a ridden horse ethogram, will facilitate recording of observable behavioral events. However, without objective evidence of the relevance of these behavioral events, such a resource has limited value

Teaching Medical Students to Help Patients Manage Their Weight: Outcomes of an Eight-School Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: Given the rising rates of obesity there is a pressing need for medical schools to better prepare students for intervening with patients who have overweight or obesity and for prevention efforts. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a multi-modal weight management curriculum on counseling skills for health behavior change. DESIGN: A pair-matched, group-randomized controlled trial (2015-2020) included students enrolled in eight U.S. medical schools randomized to receive either multi-modal weight management education (MME) or traditional weight management education (TE). SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Students from the class of 2020 (N=1305) were asked to participate in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) focused on weight management counseling and complete pre and post surveys. A total of 70.1% of eligible students (N=915) completed the OSCE and 69.3% (N=904) completed both surveys. INTERVENTIONS: The MME implemented over three years included a web-based course, a role-play classroom exercise, a web-patient encounter with feedback, and an enhanced clerkship experience with preceptors trained in weight management counseling (WMC). Counseling focused on the 5As (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) and patient-centeredness. MEASUREMENTS: The outcome was student 5As WMC skills assessed using an objective measure, an OSCE, scored using a behavior checklist, and a subjective measure, student self-reported skills for performing the 5As. RESULTS: Among MME students who completed two of three WMC components compared to those who completed none, exposure was significantly associated with higher OSCE scores and self-reported 5A skills. LIMITATIONS: Variability in medical schools requiring participation in the WMC curriculum. CONCLUSIONS: This trial revealed that medical students struggle with delivering weight management counseling to their patients who have overweight or obesity. Medical schools, though restrained in adding curricula, should incorporate should incorporate multiple WMC curricula components early in medical student education to provide knowledge and build confidence for supporting patients in developing individualized plans for weight management. NIH TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER: R01-194787