Modelo multicritério para apoio à tomada de decisão baseado em avaliação do ciclo de vida e indicadores corporativos

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) allows identify opportunities to improve environmental performance, providing knowledge about products and processes and supporting decision-making in order to achieve advantages. Decision-making based on LCA results involves, in addition to the environmental aspects and impacts, others important criteria. In this sense, this thesis aimed to develop a multi-criteria model for decision-making based on life cycle assessment and corporate indicators. The model developed has interactive nature and can be generalized. The model was validated using data for different scenarios of MDF panel production life cycle. The pairwise model evaluates the options for different scenarios and identifies the most attractive option in accordance with a final index. The final index is composed of specific, sub-dimensions and indicators. The environmental dimension is based on an LCA, which was modeled in Umberto software and used Eco-Invent 2.2 as database. For the model structure and construction of cardinal scale was used MACBETH method using M-MACBETH software. The model validation was made by evaluation of three decision-making scenarios in MDF panel production (changes in production processes, changes in process parameters and changes in product thickness variations). The results allowed to reach academic advances in order to support decision models structures based on LCA and multi-criteria. The results allowed interpreting and generating knowledge about production process, product life cycle and industrial management. In this sense, it is concluded that the model is able to support and generate knowledge on decision-making processes based on LCA and other corporate indicators.O uso da Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) permite identificar oportunidades de melhoria de desempenho ambiental, gerar aprendizagem sobre produtos e processos e apoiar decisões para alcançar vantagens competitivas. O processo de tomada de decisão baseado nos resultados da ACV envolve, além dos aspectos e impactos ambientais, outros critérios importantes para um processo decisório. Neste sentido, esta tese objetivou desenvolver um modelo multicritério para apoio à decisão baseado em avaliação de ciclo de vida e indicadores corporativos. O modelo desenvolvido possui caráter interativo, pode ser generalizado e foi validado utilizando dados de diferentes cenários do ciclo de vida da produção do painel MDF. O modelo avalia par a par as opções de cenários distintos e identifica a opção mais atrativa de acordo com um índice final. O índice final é composto por dimensões específicas, subdimensões e indicadores. A dimensão ambiental do modelo é baseada em ACV, a qual foi modelada no software Umberto e utilizou a base de dados Eco-Invent 2.2. Para a estrutura decisória do modelo e a construção de escalas cardinais foi utilizado o método MACBETH, através do software M-MACBETH. A validação do modelo ocorreu por meio da avaliação de três situações decisórias da produção do painel MDF (variações no processo produtivo, variações em parâmetros de processo e variações em espessura do produto). Os resultados apresentados contribuíram para avanços acadêmicos em construções de modelos de apoio à decisão baseados em ACV e multicritérios. Permitiram, ainda, interpretar e gerar aprendizados acerca do processo produtivo, do ciclo de vida do produto e da gestão da produção da indústria pesquisada. Neste sentido, concluiu-se que o modelo mostrou-se apto para apoiar e gerar aprendizagem em processos decisórios multicritérios baseados em ACV e em outros indicadores corporativos

Proposta de melhoria do desempenho ambiental associado ao ciclo de vida da produção do painel de madeira MDF

The present research aims to propose actions in order to improve the environmental performance associated with the MDF production life cycle, by means of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) application. This study was conducted following the guidelines of regulatory standards ISO 14040 and 14044. In order to calculations procedures and panel production scenarios modeling was used the Umberto® software v.5.6, with the life cycle inventory database entitled Ecoinvent v.2.2. The actions proposed in order to improve the environmental performance of the MDF production were formulated based on the LCA results. Faced with these peculiarities, was constructed the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) for MDF production, under the Brazilian production chains conditions. Based on LCI data, was evaluated the impacts of panel production life cycle by the methods CML (2001), EDIP (1997) and USEtox (2008). The categories of impacts assessed were: acidification potential, global warming, ozone layer depletion, abiotic resource depletion, photochemical formation of tropospheric ozone, ecotoxicity, eutrophication and human toxicity. The results showed six potential contributors to impacts categories (hotspots): consumption of natural gas in the thermal plant, resin UF (urea formaldehyde), electricity consumption, consumption of wood waste in thermal plant, consumption of wood chips, and transportation of wood chips to industry. According to the hotspots identified were formulated actions in order to improve the environmental performance of the product. The actions were sensitively analyzed in different scenarios in order to verify the effectiveness in reducing potential impacts. The proposal for improving the environmental performance was included the following actions: extinction of natural gas used in the thermal plant, proportional reduction of wood fuel that not have been chemically treated, accomplish specialized analysis to check the efficiency of combustion in thermal plant, reduction the electricity consumption, reduction of resin UF consumption, reduction of wood consumption and minimize the distances of wood suppliers. As regards the sensitive analysis of alternative scenarios that can incorporate the proposal, we highlight the fact that the extinction of natural gas consumption in the thermal plant can reduce approximately 30% of the potential impacts of depletion of resources abiotic and ozone layer. The proposal presented in this research subsidizes and guides sustainable strategic actions that, by virtue of being evaluated on a life cycle approach, are not only limited to the production process or a single operational activity.CAPES; CNPq; PAEA presente pesquisa objetivou propor ações de melhoria do desempenho ambiental associado ao ciclo de vida da produção do painel de madeira MDF, através da Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV). A consecução deste estudo acompanhou as diretrizes normativas das normas NBR ISO 14040 e 14044. Para procedimentos de cálculos e modelagem de cenários da produção do painel, utilizou-se o software Umberto® v.5.6, junto à base de dados de inventários do ciclo de vida Ecoinvent v.2.2. A proposta de ações de melhoria do desempenho ambiental da produção do painel MDF foi formulada com base nos resultados obtidos na aplicação da ACV. Diante do exposto, construiu-se o Inventário do Ciclo de Vida (ICV) para a produção do painel de madeira MDF, em condições da cadeia produtiva brasileira. A partir dos dados do ICV, avaliaram-se os impactos do ciclo de vida da produção do painel, através dos métodos CML (2001), EDIP (1997) e USEtox (2008). As categorias de impactos avaliadas foram: potencial de acidificação, aquecimento global, depleção da camada de ozônio, depleção de recursos abióticos, formação fotoquímica de ozônio troposférico, ecotoxicidade, eutrofização, e toxicidade humana. Os resultados apontaram seis pontos potenciais contribuidores às categorias de impactos (hotspots): consumo de gás natural utilizado na planta térmica, resina UF (ureia formaldeído), consumo de energia elétrica, consumo de resíduos de madeira na planta térmica, consumo de cavacos de madeira e o transporte dos cavacos de madeira até a fábrica. De acordo com os hotspots identificados formularam-se as ações para melhoria do desempenho ambiental do produto. As ações foram analisadas sensitivamente em diferentes cenários a fim de verificar a eficiência na redução dos impactos potenciais observados. A proposta de melhoria do desempenho ambiental compreendeu as seguintes ações: extinção do consumo de gás natural na planta térmica, redução proporcional de combustíveis de madeira que não receberam tratamento químico prévio, realização de análise especializada para verificação de eficiência de combustão em planta térmica, redução do consumo de energia elétrica, redução no consumo da resina UF, redução no consumo de madeira e minimização de distância dos fornecedores de madeira. Quanto às analises sensitivas de cenários alternativos que podem incorporar a proposta, destaca-se o fato da extinção do consumo de gás natural na planta térmica, onde se tem uma redução de aproximadamente 30% nos impactos potenciais de depleção de recursos abióticos e da camada de ozônio. A proposta formulada nesta dissertação subsidia e orienta ações estratégicas sustentáveis que, por serem avaliadas em uma abordagem de ciclo de vida, não se limitam somente ao processo produtivo ou a uma única atividade operativa

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as a tool for business strategy

The growing concern about the development of sustainable production systems leads organizations to seek the support of management tools for decision-making. Considering the whole life cycle of the product, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has an important role in this scenario. The objective of this paper is to present, through the theoretical discussion, the role of LCA in strategic planning of the organization. It showed the enormous potential for decision making on the environmental aspect, but also the critical factor in the development shares in the competitive context. The use of LCA can reduce the environmental impacts of the system under study (primary purpose) and guide the range of advantages in the fields of marketing, legislation and environmental labeling, competitive strategies, efficiency use of resources and others

Life Cycle Assessment as Entrepreneurial Tool for Business Management and Green Innovations

A transition for a green economy has encouraged companies to use new tools which promote internal corporate entrepreneurship, increase the competitiveness and achieve sustainable results. This article presented a theoretical discussion of how the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) can presents as an entrepreneurial tool for modern business management and green innovation. Studies of LCA were analyzed showing benefits and applications in the areas of strategic planning, production, process of development of products, search and development, social and environmental responsibility, and marketing. As for green innovations, there were analyzed studies of innovations in products, processes and services. The tool assists in making sustainable decisions, fortifies the management of the business processes, the management of operations and the promotion of greener innovations

Streamlined Life Cycle Assessment tool for injection molding of plastic components: a literature review

Goal: Companies are increasingly concerned about the life cycle of their products in the economic and environmental perspectives. One of the processes that generates great financial returns is the injection molding process. But this process results in many impacts to the environment. The environmental concern has generated many studies involving this theme and the difficulty of measuring the impacts generated by this process. In view of the environmental concern and the injection molding process this study aims to review in the literature on eco-design tools based on the Streamlined Life Cycle Assessment of plastic injection molded products.Design / Methodology / Approach: The review of the literature was carried out by researching for complete articles published in three databases (Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science), among the years 2013 - 2018, using combinations of keywords and Boolean operators.Results: Several studies revealed that injection molding generates many impacts, such as the high consumption of electricity caused by the emission of greenhouse gases and use of raw material.Limitations of the investigation: This paper is not free of limitations. The study analyzed the literature through three databases for a period of time and used a combination of keywords. It may be that some document has not been analyzed.Practical implications: The development of a rapid tool for the application of LCA studies will allow quick decision-making to the managers in the environmental perspective, besides reducing costs, reducing time with the application of complex studies, and assisting the designer to develop the Eco-design.Originality / Value: The study addressed the injection molding process and there are no studies in the literature that characterize this theme. Thus, a study that addresses this gap and evidences the importance of the development of an environmental tool that assists sustainable practices in the process of plastic injection molding becomes important

Introductory background for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of pure silk fabric

The main goal of this study is to provide an introductory background to development of the Life Cycle Assessment studies of pure silk fabric. There are not studies available on the life cycle of pure silk fabric. In this sense, was developed a scenario model for LCA application, following the methodology established by the Standard BNR ISO 14040:2009, which establishes principles and framework for an LCA study. It was considered one of the first steps in ISO, being the definition of the purpose and scope. The limits considered for the system had as a starting point the wiring step within the company, and as a final limit the stage of the finishing of the fabric, where you get the finished product. The information used in this study was collected directly from the company entitled 'Fio de Seda', a Brazilian industry. In order to construct the scenario proposed, was used the software Umberto® 5.6 v. Acad and through it, it was possible to generate the scenario model for the production of the silk fabric. Based on this scenario, the accomplishment of the later stages is possible, as outlined in ISO 14040, thus obtaining the inventory of the LCA for the pure silk fabric, as well as its life cycle inventory assessment

PROPOSALS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT OVER THE WOODEN PANELS PRODUCTIVE PROCESS UNDER A BRAZILIAN CONDITION, FOCUSING ON THE IMPACTS FOR THE HUMAN TOXICITY CATEGORY

The Brazilian wooden panel industry has been growing over the last decades, what increases the concerns with its productive characteristics and the consequences of the practices adopted. The objective of this study is to present a discussion regarding the importance of the assessment on the environmental profile of wooden panels produced in Brazil, prioritizing the panels with bigger prominence in the segment, due to their potential damage to the human health resulting from their production processes and use. This paper focuses on the human toxicity category because this is one impact category on which the panels characteristics contribute to since the conception of raw materials even after its expedition and posterior use.  In light of that, a set of potential improvements are proposed in order to reduce the environmental loads of the processes here approached, considering the hotspots identified in studies under the Brazilian conditions. For the human toxicity category, the hotspots were: consume of the binding agent, consume of electrical energy, consume of wood chips and transportation

Statistical Process Control (SPC): a control tool against waste of inputs in brazilian dairy

By reason of the requirements of quality on the part of consumers and regulatory agencies, the dairy industries require tools capable of optimizing their processes in virtue of threats from countries which have a lower cost of production. The Statistical Process Control (SPC) is a powerful tool to evaluate and monitor the process in relation to their stability. This paper presents an application of Statistical Process Control (SPC) in a dairy plant located in the south of Minas Gerais. The process analyzed was the packaging of butter in 200g pots. The purpose of this article is to identify the actual state of the filling process of butter in this dairy and compare them with the requirements established by legislation. Therefore, was used samples and control charts to demonstrate the current state of the process and normality tests, in particular the t-student. The results demonstrate that the industry does not harm the consumer and that is faithful to the legislation. However, it was identified that in case the industry presents an overweight in nominal content of each package, which leads to considerable injury once the feedstock used in the production of butter (cream) is of great economic value

Industrial challenges with photovoltaic applications: a systematic review

The industrial energy matrix in several countries is formed by several primary sources, such as fossil fuels. However, the advancement of technologies, equipment and industrial machinery results in growing demand for environmental and energy impacts, resulting in the demand for clean energy sources. This study aims to analyze applications and the environmental, economic and social impacts of photovoltaic solar energy in the industrial sector. The methodology used was based on the application of Methodi Ordinatio, with the databases Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science, resulting in the complete analysis of 21 articles without time frame. Among the results, we highlight the applications of clean energy in water heating for industrial restaurants and bathrooms, in the generation of electricity for equipment, and as a vehicle fuel in the internal fleet, as well as for the substitution ofnatural gas. From the analyzed articles, the following results were obtained: 19.7% found technical benefits for the use of clean sources of photovoltaic energy in industry; 12.8% affirm that human and economic development requires the availability of energy resources for the production of renewable electric energy close to the end customer, minimizing losses in distribution lines; and 67.5% the diversification of the industrial energy matrix, which demonstrates several economic, environmental and social advantages, thus reducing the dependence on fossil resources. The use of green energy sources favors the industrial sector, resulting in increased production, reduced costs and a sustainable and competitive performance.A matriz energética industrial em vários países é formada por várias fontes primárias, como combustíveis fósseis. No entanto, o avanço de tecnologias, equipamentos e máquinas industriais resulta em uma demanda crescente por impactos ambientais e energéticos, resultando na demanda por fontes de energia limpa. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar aplicações e os impactos ambientais, econômicos e sociais da energia solar fotovoltaica no setor industrial. A metodologia utilizada foi baseada na aplicação do Methodi Ordinatio, com as bases de dados Science Direct, Scopus e Web of Science, resultando na análise completa de 21 artigos sem recorte temporal. Entre os resultados, destacamos as aplicações de energia limpa no aquecimento de água de restaurantes, banheiros industriais, geração de eletricidade para equipamentos, como combustível veicular para a frota interna e substituição ao gás natural. Dos artigos analisados, foram obtidos os seguintes resultados: 19,7% encontraram benefícios técnicos para o uso de fontes limpas de energia fotovoltaica na indústria; 12,8% afirmam que o desenvolvimento humano e econômico requer a disponibilidade de recursos energéticos para a produção de energia elétrica renovável junto ao consumidor final, minimizando as perdas nas linhas de distribuição; e 67,5% a diversificação da matriz energética industrial, que demonstra diversas vantagens econômicas, ambientais e sociais, reduzindo a dependência de recursos fósseis. O uso de fontes de energia verde favorece o setor industrial, resultando em aumento da produção, redução de custos, desempenho sustentável e competitivo