Alterações oftalmológicas decorrentes da desnutrição

INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition is a process that generates numerous consequences for the human body, especially in the development of ocular comorbidities. The effect of this impact on people has been a source of study in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To seek understanding about ophthalmological alterations due to malnutrition. METHOLOGY: A literature search was carried out based on the descriptor “malnutrition'' and "eyes changes” in the PubMed database. A total of 290 articles were found, of which, after using filters and exclusion parameters, they were 10 articles were selected, in addition, two books were used, the “Guide to clinical nutrition in childhood and adolescence” and “Ophthalmology for graduation.” All literature used for this document lists ophthalmological alterations resulting from malnutrition. RESULTS: It was found that the low intake and malabsorption of nutrients and minerals has consequences for different ocular tissues. CONCLUSION: It is important to understand about ophthalmological changes due to malnutrition, in order to obtain an early diagnosis and avoid the appearance of optical deformities.  ANTECEDENTES: La desnutrición es un proceso que genera numerosas consecuencias para el organismo humano, especialmente en el desarrollo de comorbilidades oculares. El efecto de este impacto en el hombre ha sido fuente de estudio en la literatura. OBJETIVO: Buscar comprensión sobre las alteraciones oftalmológicas por desnutrición. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica basada en el descriptor “malnutrición” y “eyes changes” en la base de datos PubMed. Se encontraron un total de 290 artículos, de los cuales, luego de utilizar filtros y parámetros de exclusión, se seleccionaron 10 artículos. , además, se utilizaron dos libros, la “Guía de nutrición clínica en la niñez y la adolescencia” y “Oftalmología para la graduación”. Toda la literatura utilizada para este documento enumera las alteraciones oftalmológicas derivadas de la desnutrición. RESULTADOS: Se encontró que la baja ingesta y la malabsorción de nutrientes y minerales tiene consecuencias para los diferentes tejidos oculares. CONCLUSIÓN: Es importante conocer los cambios oftalmológicos por desnutrición, para obtener un diagnóstico precoz y evitar la aparición de deformidades ópticas.INTRUDUÇÃO: A desnutrição é um processo que gera inúmeras consequências para o corpo humano, sobretudo no desenvolvimento de comorbidades oculares. O efeito desse impacto no homem tem sido fonte de estudo na literatura. OBJETIVO: Buscar entendimento sobre as alterações oftalmológicas devido a desnutrição. METOLOGIA: Foi realizada uma busca literária com base no descritor “malnutrition’’ e "eyes changes” na base de dados do PubMed. Ao total, foram encontrados 290 artigos, dos quais, após a utilização de filtros e de parâmetros de exclusão, foram selecionados 10 artigos, além disso, foram utilizados dois livros, o “Guia de nutrição clínica na infância e na adolescência” e “Oftalmologia para a graduação”. Todas as literaturas utilizadas para esse documento relacionam alterações oftalmológicas decorrentes da desnutrição. RESULTADOS: Foi constatado que a baixa ingestão e a má absorção de nutrientes e de minerais gera consequências para diversos tecidos oculares. CONCLUSÃO: É relevante entender sobre as modificações oftalmológicas devido a desnutrição, em busca de obter diagnóstico precoce e evitar o aparecimento de deformidades ópticas

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS: a data set of bird morphological traits from the Atlantic forests of South America

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora