Green Growth: From Theory to Action, From Practice to Power

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Vesicular systems for dermal and transdermal drug delivery

International audienceDermal/transdermal drug delivery continues to grow in importance as a means of enhancing treatment activity while reducing toxicity by avoiding the systemic absorption of the drug. At the same time, this has led to the adjustment of a wide diversity of drug carriers. This paper begins with a review of the skin, including its structure and the parameters that influence drug diffusion, followed by strategies to improve dermal drug delivery. Of the multitude of existing carriers, we will focus on the most advanced vectors in dermal/transdermal delivery, and in particular, on vesicular systems. This review will present the state of the art as well as the new trends in this domain. Through the description of these systems, we will try to obtain information on the ideal properties that the carrier must have in order to improve the cutaneous and transcutaneous penetration of the dru

ω-Methylsulfanylalkyl Glucosinolates: A General Synthetic Pathway

A general pathway was devised to synthesize ω-methylsulfanylalkyl glucosinolates, which represent an important class of structurally homogeneous plant secondary metabolites. The required thiofunctionalized hydroximoyl chlorides were obtained from the corresponding α,ω-nitroalkyl methylsulfide precursors, involving as the key-step, a nitronate chlorination strategy. A coupling reaction with 1-thio-beta-d-glucopyranose, followed by O-sulfation of the intermediate thiohydroximate and final deprotection of the sugar moiety afforded the target compounds

Influence of dermal formulation additives on the physicochemical characteristics of catanionic vesicles

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BIS -DESULFOGLUCOSINOLATES: A NEW CLASS OF BOLAFORMS

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Crystal and Molecular Structures of two azo-heterocyclic hybrids derived from 6-thio-D-galactopyranose

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Analysis of complex mixtures of polyglycerol fatty esters using liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry: Retention, structural and relative composition study

International audiencePolyglycerol esters (PGEs), produced by esterification of fatty acids on polyglycerols, were analysed by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS), HPLC-MS and U-HPLC-MS. A structural study of PGEs in 4 samples synthesised by the Gattefossé company was carried out using an elemental analysis of HRMS spectra and modelling of all probable isomers and cyclic structures. The results were used to construct a structural database of all species present in the 4 samples. After an assessment of the selectivity of 5 reversed phase columns: Aeris Widepore XB-C8, 3.6 μm, 2.1 × 150 mm (Phenomenex), Acquity CSH C18 1.7 μm 2.1 × 50 mm, Acquity CSH Phenyl-Hexyl 1.7 μm 2.1 × 50 mm, Acquity CSH Fluoro-Phenyl 1.7 μm 2.1 × 50 mm (Waters Co.) and Kinetex F5 1.7 μm 2.1 × 100 mm (Phenomenex), HPLC-MS and U-HPLC-MS analyses were performed on an Aeris Widepore XB-C8 (Phenomenex) column (HPLC) and Acquity CSH Fluoro-Phenyl (Waters) column (U-HPLC) with aqueous formic acid /acetonitrile in gradient mode. The separation was optimised with 10 min (HPLC) and 5 min (U-HPLC) of gradient. The detection, performed on a QDA detector (Waters), produced extracted ion chromatograms (XICs) based on all adducts identified in the HRMS analysis. HPLC and U-HPLC analyses showed the different mono-and di-ester species and provided relative quantification of all identified constituents. The combined analyses of the HRMS, HPLC-MS and U-HPLC-MS results were used to compare the different PGE batches and quantify the molecular constituents according to their relative abundance, for these complex mixtures. With HPLC and U-HPLC analyses, using 2 different gradient times and 2 different selectivity columns, and comparing the retention factors and log P of the different species, it was possible to link structural identification and relative quantification of all PGEs identified in the samples