Quantum systems as classical systems

A characteristical property of a classical physical theory is that the observables are real functions taking an exact outcome on every (pure) state; in a quantum theory, at the contrary, a given observable on a given state can take several values with only a predictable probability. However, even in the classical case, when an observer is intrinsically unable to distinguish between some distinct states he can convince himself that the measure of its ''observables'' can have several values in a random way with a statistical character. What kind of statistical theory is obtainable in this way? It is possible, for example, to obtain exactly the statistical previsions of quantum mechanics? Or, in other words, can a physical system showing a classical behaviour appear to be a quantum system to a confusing observer? We show that from a mathematical viewpoint it is not difficult to produce a theory with hidden variables having this property. We don't even try to justify in physical terms the artificial construction we propose; what we do is to give a general and rigorous argument showing how the interplay between the classical and quantum mechanics we offer is interpretable as the difference between an imaginary very expert observer and another nonexpert observer. This proves also that besides the well known theorems concerning the impossibility of hidden variables (cfr. Von Neumann [Neu] and Jauch-Piron [J-P]) there is also room for a result in favor of the possibility.Comment: late

Paul, man of religion

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University, 1931. This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

The Pyramid Model: Implementation Glows & Grows from Georgia’s Childcare Centers

In 2015, the Department of Early Care and Learning (DECAL) and the Metropolitan Regional Educational Service Agency (RESA) launched the state’s first cohort of childcare centers to implement the Pyramid Model. Come hear from some of these early childhood program providers as they share glows and grows experienced during implementation of the various critical elements essential to the Pyramid Model’s framework such as setting and teaching program-wide expectations, family involvement and more. A brief overview of the DECAL’s continued efforts to expand the Pyramid Model across the state will also be shared

MARKET OPPORTUNITY TOWARD ONLINE SHOPPING IN BOOKSTORE BINA USAHA MEDAN

Online shopping business method has been implemented by most businesses since the advancement of technology. Therefore, this research is conducted to recognize the market profile of Toko Buku Bina Usaha and to identify whether there is a market opportunity to implement online shopping on Toko Buku Bina Usaha or not. The methodology used in this research is quantitative inferential statistic method involving 132 respondents which are selected by convenience sampling method. The data collection methods of this research are interview, questionnaire, observation, IT interview and library research. Based on the finding, it can be concluded that there is market opportunity to apply online shopping method (online website) on Toko Buku Bina Usaha as part of its marketing strateg

Los beneficios tributarios y su incidencia en la rentabilidad de las empresas hoteleras de la ciudad del Cusco – período 2018

El presente trabajo de investigación cuyo título es “Los beneficios tributarios y su incidencia en la rentabilidad de las empresas hoteleras de la ciudad del Cusco – período 2018”, consideramos que tiene como propósito general y fundamental, el de aportar a la ampliación de los conocimientos respecto de la importancia que tiene la aplicación de beneficios tributarios en la actividad turística, principalmente en cuanto al impuesto general a las ventas sobre la prestación de servicios a no domiciliados por parte de las empresas hoteleras en la ciudad de Cusco cuya incidencia se analizará tomando en cuenta la normatividad vigente en cuanto al desarrollo de estas actividades; y de qué manera estos beneficios inciden en las utilidades de las empresas de este ramo

Mencapai Ketahanan Pangan Indonesia Berkelanjutan

ABSTRACTProblems and challenges in achieving sustainable Indonesian food security are multi-dimensional including economic, social, political, and environmental aspects. Identification of those problems and challenges can be approached through food supply and demand analysis. From supply side, those challenges, among others, are a stiff competition in the use of natural resources, impacts of global climate change, and the dominance of smallscale farmers in food farming. From demand side, several challenges are the existence of high population growth and its dynamic characteristics, change in food consumers' preference, and competition in demand for food commodities as human consumption, feed, and energy uses. This paper aims to review current condition of Indonesian food security, to analyze challenges faced by this country, and to formulate policy alternatives in achieving sustainable Indonesian food security toward 2025. This analysis found out that in the last six years Indonesia was able to provide enough food to fulfill its people’s need, however quality of food consumption of an average Indonesian was under standard dietary pattern recommended by nutritionists. Challenges to achieve sustainable Indonesian food security toward 2025 will be more difficult. To response to the challenges, this article recommends some adjustment on policy direction of food security development, especially related to defining goals, choosing means and ways in achieving the goals, and setting targets of food security development.Keywords: sustainable food security, food demand and suplly dynamics, policy direction change

Spatial outbreak detection analysis tool : a system to create sets of semi-synthetic geo-spatial clusters

Thesis (M. Eng. and S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-57).Syndromic surveillance systems, especially software systems, have emerged as the leading outbreak detection mechanisms. Early outbreak detection systems can assist with medical and logistic decision support. One important concern for effectively testing these systems in practice is the scarcity of authentic outbreak health data. Because of this shortage, creating suitable geotemporal test clusters for surveillance algorithm validation is essential. Described is an automated tool that creates artificial patient clusters by varying a large variety of realistic outbreak parameters. The cluster creation tool is an open-source program that accepts a set of outbreak parameters and creates artificial geospatial patient data for a single cluster or a series of similar clusters. This helps automate the process of rigorous testing and validation of outbreak detection algorithms. Using the cluster generator, single patient clusters and series of patient clusters were created - as files and series of files containing patient longitude and latitude coordinates. These clusters were then tested and validated using a publicly-available GIS visualization program. All generated clusters were properly created within the ranges that were entered as parameters at program execution. Sample semi-synthetic datasets from the cluster creation tool were then used to validate a popular spatial outbreak detection algorithm, the M-Statistic.by Christopher A. Casa.M.Eng.and S.B