Antioxidant Potential is Correlated to ω6 / ω3 Ratio and Brasfield Score in Cystic Fibrosis Children

International audienceOBJECTIVES:Oxidative stress is associated with the condition of cystic fibrosis (CF), but no guidelines exist for its assessment or treatment. Our aim was to evaluate a test that measures the blood antioxidant capability in CF children.METHODS:This antioxidant capability was assessed by the Kit Radicaux Libres (KRL) test in 44 CF children (24 boys). We recorded also anthropometric measures, pulmonary function, CF severity scores, and plasma nutritional and inflammatory parameters (proteins, vitamins, erythrocyte fatty acids, and micronutrients). We performed univariate and multivariate analyses with linear regression models.RESULTS:The mean age at the first KRL assessment was 12.2 ± 3.8 years. Factors that correlated with decreased antioxidant capacity were mostly related to the severity of pulmonary disease [ forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1), acute exacerbation, and congestion. In multivariate analysis, the correlation between Brasfield score and erythrocyte antioxidant potential remained significant (β = - 0.611, p < 0.001). Among nutritional factors, the ω6/ω3 ratio was significantly correlated to erythrocyte antioxidant potential (β = - 1.213, p = 0.01).CONCLUSION:The blood antioxidant capability, measured by the KRL test, appears to be an interesting biomarker to evaluate oxidative stress in CF. This study suggests that the ω6/ω3 ratio should be regarded as a nutritional marker in antioxidant management in CF children

Nature des acides gras et syndrome métabolique (évaluation du profil des acides gras chez des femmes obèses morbides dysmétaboliques et non dysmétaboliques)

TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Le tissu adipeux : une écologie cellulaire subtile et complexe

Le tissu adipeux est l'un des tissus les plus abondants du corps humain. Le tissu adipeux blanc est composé de deux populations cellulaires qui peuvent être séparées facilement, les adipocytes matures d'une part et, d'autre part, la fraction stroma-vasculaire (SVF). Celle-ci contient deux compartiments, l'un stromal et l'autre hématopoïétique, qui ont été récemment caractérisés. La population stromale (ou ADAS) présente des analogies fonctionnelles ainsi qu'une relation de lignage avec les macrophages. Ces cellules qui peuvent également se différencier en adipocytes ou en cellules endothéliales peuvent être considérées comme des progéniteurs vasculaires. Il a également été montré que certaines cellules présentes dans le tissu adipeux pouvaient se différencier in vitro ou in vivo en ostéoblastes, chondrocytes, cardiomyocytes, cellules musculaires, hématopoïétiques ou neuronales. Le tissu adipeux apparaît donc comme un tissu complexe composé de cellules dont la nature et les potentiels de différenciation varient en fonction de leur localisation ou de l'environnement physiologique ou pathologique, et ces différentes sous populations peuvent interagir entre elles par le biais de sécrétions paracrines. Le tissu adipeux est donc un tissu hétérogène et plastique, facile à prélever, qui pourrait représenter une source potentielle de cellules dont l'utilisation en thérapie cellulaire semble prometteuse

Coenzyme Q as an antiadipogenic factor.

WOS: 000285876900007International audienceCoenzyme Q (CoQ) is not only the single antioxidant synthesized in humans but also an obligatory element of mitochondrial functions. We have previously reported CoQ deficiency in white adipose tissue of ob/ob mice. We sought to determine (i) whether this deficit exists in all species and its relevance in human obesity and (ii) to what extent CoQ could be involved in adipocyte differentiation. Here we identified in rodents as well as in humans a specific very strong nonlinear negative correlation between CoQ content in subcutaneous adipose tissue and obesity indexes. This striking correlation reveals a threshold value similar in both species. This relative deficit in CoQ content in adipose tissue rapidly took place during the time course of high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice. Adipocyte differentiation was assessed in vitro using the preadipocyte 3T3-F442A cell line. When CoQ synthesis was inhibited by a pharmacological approach using chlorobenzoic acid, this strongly triggered adipose differentiation. In contrast, adipogenesis was strongly inhibited when a long-term increase in CoQ content was obtained by overexpressing human 4-hydroxy benzoate acid polyprenyltransferase gene. Altogether, these data suggest that a strict level of CoQ remains essential for adipocyte differentiation, and its impairment is associated with obesity

Adipose tissue signatures related to weight changes in response to calorie restriction and subsequent weight maintenance using lipidome and gene profiling network analysis

National audienc

Regiocontrolled syntheses of FAHFAs and LC-MS/MS differentiation of regioisomers

International audienceAn efficient regiospecific total synthesis of several branched fatty acyl hydroxyl-fatty acids (FAHFA) has been achieved from available terminal alkenes and alkynes. The key steps feature a boron trifluoride mediated epoxide ring opening with acetylide carbanions, followed by hydrogenation of the alkyne function. The carboxylic acid of the hydroxylated chains is introduced at the last step of the synthesis to allow the esterification of the branched hydroxyl group by fatty acids beforehand. The chemical syntheses of a “linear” FAHFA and a branched FAHFA analog containing a Z-olefin in the hydroxyl-fatty acid chain are also reported. A LC-MS/MS method has been developed. Several reversed phase columns were compared. Regioisomers were separated

Partial inhibition of hormone-sensitive lipase improves insulin sensitivity by induction of de novo lipogenesis and elongase ELOVL6 in human adipocytes

International audienc