185 research outputs found
Social media censorship in times of political unrest: a social simulation experiment with the UK riots
Following the 2011 wave of political unrest, extending from the Arab Spring to the UK riots, the formation of a large consensus around Internet censorship is underway. The present paper adopts a social simulation approach to show that the decision to “regulate”, filter or censor social media in situations of unrest changes the pattern of civil protest and ultimately results in higher levels of violence. Building on Epstein's (2002) agent-based model, several alternative scenarios are generated. The systemic optimum, represented by complete absence of censorship, not only corresponds to lower levels of violence over time, but allows for significant periods of social peace after each outburst
Waiting for Robots: The ever-elusive myth of automation and the global exploitation of digital labor
Discourses of robotic replacement and of the end of work have survived to the present day. But more and more voices now challenge the very idea that technological innovation is necessarily conducive to job loss. According to several studies, new high-tech jobs is accompanied by an even bigger low-tech job creation, and AI can be expected to be no exception. Based on new evidence about the role of human-annotated data in machine learning and algorithmic solutions, a new generation of scholars are now studying the germane phenomena of “heteromation”, “automation last mile” or, more simply, platform-based digital labor needed to generate, train, verify, and sometimes modify in real-time huge quantities of examples that machines are supposed to learn from. Digital labor designates datified and taskified human activities. The first type of platform occupation is on-demand labor. The second type of platform-based digital labor is microwork. Finally, the third type of digital labor is social networked labor
Le Stéthoscope et la Souris: Savoirs médicaux et imaginaires numériques du corps
National audienceThis contribution highlights the links between AIDS activism, bioinformatics and the emergence of a "bodily utopia" in the last decades of the 20th century. By analyzing the social impact of mass computing on the relationships between physicians and patients, it addresses the challenges to medical biopower represented by the uncontrolled dissemination of medical information on digital networks.Cette contribution met en évidence les liens entre le militantisme Sida, la bioinformatique et l'émergence d'une corporéité utopique depuis les dernières décennies du 20e siècle. En analysant l'impact social de l'informatique de masse sur les relations entre médecins et patients, elle prend en compte les défis posés au biopouvoir par la dissémination incontrôlée de l'information médicale sur les réseaux numériques
From the virtual class to the click workers: the transformation of work into service in the era of digital platforms
Ao contrário da fantasia de uma classe virtual de trabalhadores livres do trabalho, a flexibilidade dos serviços de microtarefas, realizadas por todos os usuários de plataformas digitais, beneficia apenas as empresas do Vale do SilĂcio.Contrary to the fantasy of a virtual class of workers free from work, the flexibility of micro-task services, performed by all users of digital platforms, only benefits companies in the Silicon Valley
Reddito universale di cittadinanza e riforma della moneta. Una proposta di portafoglio elettronico di moneta di cittadinanza
Afin d'accompagner l'introduction d'une forme durable de revenu universel de citoyenneté, cette contribution avance une proposition de réforme monétaire basée sur la création de monnaie électronique fondante. Cette monnaie, numérique et périssable, aurait comme effet d'éluder la nature spéculative et inflationniste du revenu universel moyennant la mise en place d'un portefeuille électronique de citoyenneté.Al fine di accompagnare l'introduzione di una forma sostenible di reddito universale di cittadinanza, questa contribuzione avanza una proposta di riforma monetaria basata su una moneta di decumulo. Questa valuta, digitale e transitoria, avrebbe come effetto di eludere la natura sperequativa e inflattiva del reddito universale a traverso la creazione di un portafoglio elettronico di cittadinanza
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An ethno-computational approach to friendship in SNS
This paper focuses on how different configurations of privacy settings, content-sharing and culture traits display affect the formation of online friendship networks. By adopting an innovative ethno-computational methodology (as developed in Tubaro & Casilli, 2010), we draw on a participant observation carried out on the popular SNS Facebook to subsequently inform an agent-based model.
The ethnographic phase suggests the hypothesis that culture traits display plays a crucial role in the creation of ties and is motivated by social capital maximisation. This hypothesis is problematized through the analysis of simulated network data. New dynamics emerge from the computational interaction of agents, such as 1) a tension between bridging and bonding dynamics; 2) relevance of privacy settings; 3) anomie.
As homophily alone fails to account for tie formation and maintenance, Lahire’s (2004) notion of “cultural dissonance” – through which individuals adhere to their group culture while preserving their “self distinction” – can be productively conjured up to explain friendship formation in online social networks
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Légitimation intersubjective de la présence en ligne et formation de réseaux sociaux: Une approche ethno-computationnelle
Cette étude porte sur le rôle de la légitimation des descriptions physiques et culturelles (apparence, goûts, styles, préférences) dans les interactions assistées par ordinateur au sein d‟un site généraliste de networking social. En employant une méthodologie mixte empirique et computationnelle, un modèle multi-agents est construit à partir d‟une observation participante menée dans le réseau Facebook. Les résultats préliminaires montrent comment différentes configurations de trois éléments (présentation de soi, options de protection de la vie privée et partage de contenus) affectent inégalement les modalités de légitimation réciproque de la présence et – finalement – concourent à la formation de réseaux d‟« amitié » en ligne aux configurations multiples. En analysant les caractéristiques structurelles (densité, centralité, homophilie, etc.) ainsi que les dynamiques de construction de relations sociales entre bridging et bonding, des stratégies sociales visant à trouver un équilibre entre adhésion aux valeurs du groupe et « dissonance culturelle » font surface
Létezik-e digitális munkakultúra?: A munka marginalizációja, globális egyenlőtlenségek és kolonialitás
* Eredeti tanulmány: Casilli, Antonio (2016): Is There a Global Digital Labor Culture?: Marginalization of Work, Global Inequalities, and Coloniality. ElĹ‘adás a 2nd Symposium of the Project for Advanced Research in Global Communication (PARGC)Âon, 2016. április, Philadelphia, USA.International audienceA digitális munka platformalapĂş, algoritmusok által közvetĂtett feladatokat jelent, amiket honlapok Ă©s alkalmazások felhasználĂłi vĂ©geznek el. Többek közt on-demand szolgáltatá-sok tartoznak ide, mint az Uber, mikromunka-portálok, mint az Amazon Mechanical Turk, de idesoroljuk a Facebookhoz hasonlĂł közössĂ©gi mĂ©dia Ă©s az összekapcsolt eszközök általi adatkinyerĂ©st is. A digitális munkával foglalkozĂł kutatások eddig nagyrĂ©szt az USA-ra Ă©s EurĂłpára fĂłkuszáltak. A kutatási projektek egy Ăşjabb hulláma ezt az elfogultságot igyekszik orvosolni a munkaszociolĂłgia, a mĂ©diakutatás, a posztkoloniális elmĂ©letek Ă©s a subaltern studies keresztezĂ©sĂ©vel, valamint a fejlĹ‘dĹ‘ Ă©s feltörekvĹ‘ országok közĂ©ppontba helyezĂ©sĂ©vel, ahol a formális munkaviszonyok alacsony aránya egyĂĽtt jár a digitális munka terjedĂ©sĂ©vel. Az Ăşjonnan elĂ©rhetĹ‘ kutatási eredmĂ©nyek betekintĂ©st engednek abba, hogyan járul hozzá a társadalmi kirekesztĂ©shez Ă©s kizsákmányoláshoz az online feladatok kiszervezĂ©se nem nyugati országokba. A tanulmány utolsĂł rĂ©sze azt tárgyalja, hogy ez a kiterjedt klikk-farmgazdaság, amely az Ă©rtĂ©kek Ă©s adatok globális DĂ©lrĹ‘l a globális Északra törtĂ©nĹ‘ transzferĂ©n nyugszik, milyen mĂ©rtĂ©kben foghatĂł fel „neokoloniális” rendszerkĂ©nt
Is There a Global Digital Labor Culture? : Marginalization of Work, Global Inequalities, and Coloniality.
International audienceDigital labor designates platform-based algorithm-mediated tasks performed by human users of websites and apps. It concerns on-demand services such as Uber, micro-work portals such as Amazon Mechanical Turk, as well as data extraction via connected devices or social media such as Facebook. Digital labor studies have so far mainly focused on US and Europe. A new breed of research projects aims to correct this bias by intersecting labor, media, post-colonial, and subaltern studies, and tackle developing and emerging countries where the rise of digital labor accompanies low rates of formal employment. Newly available evidence offers insights into dynamics of social exclusion and exploitation through the outsourcing of online tasks to non-Western countries. The last part of the article discusses the extent to which this vast click farm economy predicated on value and data transfer from the Global South to the North can be construed as a " neocolonial " system
Anthropologie et numérique: renouvellement méthodologique ou reconfiguration disciplinaire?
Cette contribution pose les questions soulevĂ©es par l’utilisation des technologies numĂ©riques au sein des sciences humaines et sociales. Le numĂ©rique va-t-il transformer les pratiques et les mĂ©thodes au sein de ces disciplines ou favoriser la crĂ©ation de nouvelles disciplines et de nouvelles mĂ©thodes?This contribution raises questions around the utilisation of the digital technologies in Social Sciences and Humanities. Could Digital technologies transform methodologies and practices in these disciplines or could it foster the creation of new disciplines and within new methodologies?Esta contribuciĂłn plantea problemáticas acerca del uso de las tecnologĂas digitales en la Ciencias Sociales y las Humanidades. ÂżLas tecnologĂas digitales van transformar las metodologĂas y prácticas de Ă©stas disciplinas o van a promover la creaciĂłn de nuevas disciplinas y nuevas metodologĂas
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