Methylation status of ANAPC1, CDKN2A and TP53 promoter genes in individuals with gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is the forth most frequent malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. DNA methylation is the most studied epigenetic alteration, occurring through a methyl radical addition to the cytosine base adjacent to guanine. Many tumor genes are inactivated by DNA methylation in gastric cancer. We evaluated the DNA methylation status of ANAPC1, CDKN2A and TP53 by methylation-specific PCR in 20 diffuse- and 26 intestinal-type gastric cancer samples and 20 normal gastric mucosa in individuals from Northern Brazil. All gastric cancer samples were advanced stage adenocarcinomas. Gastric samples were surgically obtained at the João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, State of Pará, and were stored at -80°C before DNA extraction. Patients had never been submitted to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, nor did they have any other diagnosed cancer. None of the gastric cancer samples presented methylated DNA sequences for ANAPC1 and TP53. CDKN2A methylation was not detected in any normal gastric mucosa; however, the CDKN2A promoter was methylated in 30.4% of gastric cancer samples, with 35% methylation in diffuse-type and 26.9% in intestinal-type cancers. CDKN2A methylation was associated with the carcinogenesis process for ~30% diffuse-type and intestinal-type compared to non-neoplastic samples. Thus, ANAPC1 and TP53 methylation was probably not implicated in gastric carcinogenesis in our samples. CDKN2A can be implicated in the carcinogenesis process of only a subset of gastric neoplasias.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)FINEP/CT-INFRAFAEPAUniversidade Federal do Piauí Colegiado de BiomedicinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de MorfologiaUniversidade Federal do Pará Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Laboratório de Citogenética HumanaHospital João de Barros Barreto Serviço de CirurgiaInstituto de Investigaciones BiomedicasUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de GenéticaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de MorfologiaFINEP/CT-INFRA: 0927-03SciEL

Oceanografía biológica de Cabo Polonio: apuntes sobre investigaciones recientes

Los resultados presentados en esta publicación se enmarcan dentro del proyecto financiado por ANII, código: ANII_FCE_2017_136372.Oceanografía biológica de Cabo Polonio: apuntes sobre investigaciones recientes ofrece una muy rápida recorrida por los orígenes de la oceanografía como área del conocimiento científico y las actividades que investigadores de la Facultad de Ciencias y del Centro Universitario Regional Este, ambos de la Universidad de la República, desarrollan en la zona marina costera de Cabo Polonio. Cabo Polonio es interesante desde diversos puntos de vista: histórico, arqueológico, sociológico, paisajístico, ecológico. Durante el siglo XX fue epicentro de la explotación de la mayor población de lobos marinos del Atlántico Sur. Rastros de ese pasado se conservan en la infraestructura de la Base que alojaba a los trabajadores: comedor-cocina, galpones y dormitorios, caldera industrial y un gran bote a remo; implementos para la faena: garrotes, cuchillas, estaqueaderos de cueros... Aún es posible encontrar en ciertos boliches o almacenes del Cabo a veteranos de aquellas lides y - con un poco de suerte - aprender sus historias. El valor paisajístico de Cabo Polonio ha impulsado el crecimiento del centro poblado gracias al influjo del turismo estival y de no pocos que llegaron de visita y decidieron quedarse. Esto plantea enormes desafíos para la conservación de un sitio que no dispone de facilidades como agua potable y saneamiento, electricidad, caminería y cuya biodiversidad - uno de sus grandes atractivos - es muy sensible a cambios en el paisaje. La biodiversidad es uno de los elementos que llevó a incluir a Cabo Polonio en el Sistema Nacional de Areas Protegidas. Sin embargo, el conocimiento de la fauna y flora marinas, así como de los procesos bio-físicos que sustentan esa biodiversidad son muy poco conocidos. El trabajo que aquí se presenta busca contribuir a dicho conocimiento e - indirectamente- al buen uso y manejo del sitio

Polymorphism insercion/delection in the gene of the converting of the angiotensin: relations with macrophatia and microphatia in carriers of diabetes mellitus type 2

Em portadores de DM tipo 2 verificamos: - uma associacao independente entre o genotipo DD no gene da ECA e a presenca de coronariopatia. Portanto, esse polimorfismo pode ser potencialmente utilizado como um marcador de risco para o desenvolvimento de macroangiopatia em portadores de DM tipo 2. - o polimorfismo IID no gene da ECA nao apresentou associacao significante com a presenca de nefropatia; nao sendo portanto, um marcador util para a predicao de tal complicacao nessa populacaoBV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertaçõe

Variação sazonal da estrutura da comunidade de algas perifíticas emPanicum repens em um reservatório raso

ResumoEste estudo avaliou a estrutura da comunidade de algas perifíticas emPanicum repens em pontos pluriespecíficos de macrófitas em reservatório raso (Lago das Ninféias, São Paulo, Brasil). O objetivo foi avaliar as mudanças na biomassa, abundância e composição espécies, bem como identificar as variáveis ambientais mais relacionadas à variação dos atributos estruturais da comunidade. Pontos de amostragem com a presença de três e quatro espécies de macrófitas (n=3) foram selecionados aleatoriamente (04/2010, 06/2010, 11/2010, 02/2011). Foram analisadas variáveis climáticas, abióticas da água, cobertura de macrófitas e atributos estruturais do perifíton. Bacillariophyceae e Chrysophyceae foram as classes algais mais abundantes e Frustulia crassinervia e Chromulina elegans as espécies mais representativas, respectivamente. Os maiores valores de biomassa e densidade algal e o menor índice autotrófico foram encontrados no verão, evidenciando o maior desenvolvimento da comunidade algal. Os nossos resultados mostraram que as mudanças na estrutura do perifíton foram determinadas primariamente pela sazonalidade. Concluiu-se que a abundância, biomassa e composição de algas perifíticas mudaram fortemente entre as estações do ano e que, a disponibilidade de luz e de nutrientes, particularmente o fósforo, foram as variáveis ambientais mais associadas às mudanças estruturais da comunidade durante o período de estudo

Periphyton biomass accrual rate changes over the colonization process in a shallow mesotrophic reservoir

Abstract Aim: We identified and analyzed the developmental phases (exponential and loss) of periphyton on artificial substrates based on biomass accrual rate in dry and rainy seasons in a shallow mesotrophic reservoir (Ninfeias Reservoir, Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, Brazil). We evaluated the colonization time required for the developmental phase to change, as well as related limnological variables. Methods Samplings were carried out weekly, totaling 98 days of substrates exposure. We analyzed the limnological and periphyton variables (chlorophyll a, ash free dry mass, net and gross accrual rate). Results Maximum biomass occurred on the 42nd day in rainy season and on the 98th day in dry season. In the rainy season, the exponential phase of biomass accrual continued until the 28th day of colonization, followed by a fluctuation phase (35th to 77th day) and then a loss phase (84th to 98th days). In the dry season, the exponential phase continued until the 35th day, followed by a loss phase (42th to 63rd day) and then a fluctuation phase (70th and 77th day). In the same season, we observed the beginning of a new exponential phase (84th to 98th day). The biomass peak was recorded on the 42nd colonization day in the rainy season and on the 98th day in the dry season. Biomass and gross and net accrual were higher in the dry season than in the rainy season. Conclusions Periphyton biomass and net and gross accrual rates were higher during the dry season, which was characterized by high total nitrogen concentration, water transparency and low rainfall. We concluded that periphyton biomass accrual and the duration of the developmental phases (exponential, loss and fluctuation) changed with variations in limnological conditions in each climatic period in the tropical shallow reservoir studied

Comparing lacustrine environments: the importance of the kind of habitat on the structure of fishes

Abstract Aim Fish diversity in two lentic environments: a lake connected (Barbosa lake) to a river and an artificial reservoir (Ninfeias reservoir) were determined in the dry and rainy periods in 2015. We expected to find more diversity in the connected lake and greater abundance in the reservoir. Methods Specimens were caught using gill nets. Moreover, environmental parameters such as temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen and water transparency were measured during the two periods. Results 546 specimens were collected from 9 families, 12 genera and 15 species of the orders Characiformes, Siluriformes, Cichliformes and Gymnotiformes. Pimelodus maculatus was the most abundant species in the connected lake. Two species were caught from the reservoir: Geophagus brasiliensis and Hoplias malabaricus, the former being predominant. The dominant species in the studied environments corresponded to 48.71% of the total number of specimens. The ichthyofaunal composition from the lake showed a high richness of the order Characiformes (66.7%). Siluriformes and Gymnotiformes represented 13.3% each and the order Cichliformes only 6.7% of the total number of species. In the artificial reservoir, there was an equivalent contribution of Cichliformes and Characiformes. The diversity was higher in the lake (H' = 2.05) and lower in the reservoir (H' = 0.34). Significant differences (p<0.05) of diversity were found between the connected lake and the reservoir. The catch of fish was lower in the dry season (24.7%) than the rainy season (62.3%). The principal component analysis (PCA) showed segregation between the two environments and periods, which was due to the difference in water electrical conductivity. The prevalence of species of the orders Characiformes and Siluriformes follows the pattern found for the ichthyofauna in the Neotropical region. Conclusions The analysis of distinct patterns of diversity and abundance of the ichthyofauna from the studied environments showed that the environment connected to the river has a high diversity when compared to the reservoir. The presence of aquatic macrophytes of different species may be a regulating factor in structuring the fish community of the lake connected to the river