Identificando el aprendizaje en estudiantes del nivel medio superior vía virtual en pandemia

Es un hecho que hoy por  hoy en  México los estudiantes de todos los niveles están en casa. La  educación está bajo el control muchas veces de los papás y dependemos del autoaprendizaje de los jóvenes. Es un auténtico reto para todo sistema educativo, mientras que los profesores se preocupan por adaptarse y transformar las estrategias de aprendizaje, capacitarse y cambiar la forma de enseñar, los programas de estudio, etc., se han olvidado de algo esencial, ¿será que los alumnos cuentan con lo necesario para recibir esta enseñanza? El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar  y reflexionar si los estudiantes de nivel medio superior han aprendido via virtual, y si lograron adaptarse ante este reto a distancia. Se realizó un cuestionario diagnóstico de 30 ítems vía email, aplicado a 289 estudiantes. En los resultados se observó que el 90.3% (260) afirma siempre cuenta con un dispositivo para su educación online y el 9.7% (29) solo a veces. Un dato relevante es cuando se preguntó si se sienten cómodos y adaptados ante esta nueva modalidad online y en una escala de uno a 5 (totalmente) afirmaron que el 21.1% totalmente, el 81% escogieron escala 4 y 3 y el 16.3% el 6.6% las últimas escalas. Por último, un dato importante es la pregunta de qué tanto te gustaría seguir tomando en línea y se observó que el solo el 8.7% le gustaría mucho, el 33.3% si les gusta, al 26.4% le es indiferente la modalidad, al 22.2% le gusta poco, pero al 9.4% no le gusta nada.   Es un hecho que a nadie nos gusta los cambios abruptos, estos cambios no fueron planeados y controlados en muchos aspectos, sin embargo podemos concluir que el esfuerzo hecho por muchos docentes rindió frutos y este periodo nos preparó a todos tanto estudiantes, docentes y autoridades para avanzar y transformar nuestra enseñanza virtual y que poco a poco se logre mejoras sin descuidar que nuestra población estudiantil pueda seguir adaptándose y aprendiendo cada día más con obstáculos o sin ellos

Las TIC como estrategia didáctica y apoyo en el aprendizaje de suma de vectores, en el nivel Medio Superior de la UAC: ICT as a didactic strategy and support in the learning of vector addition, at the Higher Secondary level of the UAC

Observamos que el mundo ha tenido un avance acelerado en cuanto al uso de las TIC, por lo que el docente tiene la necesidad de actualizarse, adquirir experiencia y habilidades que fortalezcan el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje e introducirlas en el aula como estrategias didácticas. Es una necesidad la incorporación de las TIC, pues son muchas las ventajas que ofrece, desde favorecer la motivación para el aprendizaje, hasta poder trabajar colaborativamente desde cualquier lugar. A través de una investigación proyectiva este trabajo tiene como propósito el potencializar la estrategia didáctica: suma de vectores, mediante el uso de TIC. Esta estrategia implementa el uso de simuladores y videos, para motivar a los estudiantes y fomentar el trabajo colaborativo; considerando que la física es una ciencia experimental, este tipo de recursos nos ayudan para retroalimentar el tema y poder experimentar. En conclusión, la estrategia se apega a las nuevas tendencias del aprendizaje de una era digital, donde el uso de TIC motiva a los alumnos en el área de ciencias y favorecen el aprendizaje. Con la aplicación de esta estrategia obtenemos recursos didácticos para poder usar las TIC en el aula y fuera de ella, siempre observando y guiando a los alumnos en el desarrollo de competencias y en el uso adecuado de estas tecnologías

Identificando los estilos de aprendizaje en el nível medio superior de la UAC y surelacióncon el uso de las TIC / Identifying learning styles at the upper middle level of the UAC and ensuring the use of TIC

El avance tecnológico ha revolucionado nuestra vida; estamos inmersosen una nueva era delconocimiento. Como docentes es necesario empezar a cambiar nuestra forma de enseñar si queremos formar jóvenes exitosos para la vida. Enlapráctica docente diaria, se debe tener conciencia, de los diferentes estilos de aprendizaje de nuestros estudiantes, porque nos servirá para generar estrategias, lascuales permitiránel alcance Del conocimiento progresivamente.La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar cuál es el estilo de aprendizaje predominante de los Estudiantes Del medio superior de la UAC y surelaciónconel uso de las TIC.Después de realizar unestudio estadístico de 138 encuestas se obtuvo como resultado el 28.1 % kinestésico como estilo predominante de losestudiantes, el 28.1% visual, el 2.5% de lectoescritura y el 1.87% auditivo. Podemos observar que no existe diferencia entre la preferencia de los estilos de aprendizaje. El uso de las TIC promueve um aprendizaje visual y kinestésico, así como también de lecto escritura.Conscientes de la importancia para la formación Del alumnado em nuestra universidad y escuela preparatória en cuanto a estilos de aprendizaje, por un lado, y el uso de TIC, por otro, los profesores debemos seguir utilizando los diversos métodos del uso de lãs tecnologías para seguir promoviendo el aprendizaje por todos loscanales, ya que el ser humano logra um equilíbrio mientras más iguales sean sus porcentajes en sus estilos de aprendizajeEl poder identificar cuálessonlos estilos de aprendizaje conllevara a rediseñar planes de estúdios basados em competencias y estratégias adecuadas para el mejor aprovechamiento, logrando los objetivos propuestos y así relacionarlos com el uso de las TIC

Contribution of prosthetic treatment considerations for dental extractions of permanent teeth

Background. Tooth loss is an easily identifiable outcome that summarizes a complex suite of factors in an individual’s history of dental disease and its treatment by dental services over a lifetime. Assessment of overall tooth loss data is essential for epidemiologically evaluating the adequacy of dental care provided at a systems level, as well as for placing in context tooth loss for non-disease causes. For example, when derived from prosthetic treatment planning, the latter may unfortunately lead to some teeth being extracted (pulled) for the sake of better comprehensive clinical results. The objective of the present manuscript was to identify the contribution to overall tooth loss, by extraction of permanent teeth because of prosthetic treatment reasons. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study included sex, age, total number of extractions performed by subject, sextant (anterior vs. posterior), group of teeth (incisors, canines, premolars and molars), upper or lower arch, and the main reason underlying extraction (extraction for any reason vs. prosthetic treatment), in patients 18 years of age and older seeking care at a dental school clinic in Mexico. A multivariate logistic regression model was generated. Results. A total of 749 teeth were extracted in 331 patients; 161 teeth (21.5% of total) were extracted for explicit prosthetic treatment indications. As age increased, the likelihood of having an extraction for prosthetic reasons increased 3% (OR = 1.03, p < 0.001). Women (OR = 1.57, p < 0.05) were more likely to be in this situation, and molars (OR = 2.70, p < 0.001) were most at risk. As the total number of extractions increased, the risk of having an extraction for prosthetic reasons decreased (OR = 0.94, p < 0.05). Conclusions. A significant amount (21.5%) of the extractions of permanent teeth were performed for prosthetic reasons in this dental school clinical environment; age, sex, type of tooth, and the total number of extractions moderated such pattern

Prevalence of Functional Dentition in a Group of Mexican Adult Males

Objective: To determine the prevalence of functional dentition and associated periodontal variables in a sample of Mexican adult males. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 161 policemen in Campeche, Mexico, was carried out. A clinical examination using an electronic probe was used to collect variables (dental plaque, periodontal pockets, gingival recession, suppuration, and bleeding on probing) on 6 periodontal sites (a maximum of 168 sites, excluding third molars). Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral variables were collected through a self-administered survey. Functional dentition was defined as having 21 or more natural teeth. Data were analyzed with STATA 11.0, using logistic regression models. Results: Mean age was 38.3 (±10.9) years. The prevalence of having a functional dentition was 83.8% in the sample. The odds of having a functional dentition declined with age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.93), having diabetes (OR = 0.27) and with having a high percentage of sites with plaque (OR = 0.77), with bleeding on probing (OR = 0.97), and with gingival recession (OR = 0.82). Conclusion: While a large proportion of subjects had a functional dentition in this community-dwelling sample of adult Mexican males, the likelihood of their having a functional dentition decreased with age, with their having been diagnosed with diabetes, and with assorted negative indicators of periodontal/gingival status

Gravedad de caries empleando un criterio del tamaño de la lesión y variables asociadas en una muestra de escolares mexicanos

Objective: To determine the severity of caries (lesion size) and associated variables in Mexican schoolchildren. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1373 schoolchildren 6-12 years old enrolled in public schools in Campeche, Mexico. Questionnaires were distributed to determine demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral variables. Dental examination was performed to each child to establish the size of caries lesions according “Criterion of carious lesion magnitude” index and to allocate according to the number of lesions present to one of four risk groups for developing cavities wherein the first group represents the least affected. A multivariate multinomial logistic regression model was generated. Results: Caries risk groups were distributed as follows: 598 (43.6%) were in group 1; 261 (19.0%) were assigned to group 2; 316 (23.0%) were in group 3; and 198 (14.4%) in group 4. Comparing with the least affected group by carious lesions, associated variables for severity in the multivariate model were “Risk Group 2”: age, sex and developmental enamel defects; “Risk Group 3”: dental care in the past year, mother’s attitude toward oral health and developmental enamel defects; “Risk Group 4”: age, dental care in the past year, mother’s attitude toward oral health and developmental enamel defects. Conclusions: Severity of decay is influenced by demographic, behavioral and clinical variables.Objetivo: Determinar la gravedad de caries (tamaño de la lesión) y las variables asociadas en niños escolares mexicanos. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 1373 escolares de 6 a 12 años de edad inscritos en escuelas públicas de Campeche, México. Se distribuyeron cuestionarios para determinar una serie de variables sociodemográficas, socioeconómicas y conductuales. Se realizó un examen bucal a cada niño para establecer el tamaño de las lesiones de caries de acuerdo al índice llamado “criterio de magnitud de la lesión cariosa” y asignarlo de acuerdo al número de lesiones presentes a uno de 4 grupos de riesgo para desarrollar caries, en donde el primer grupo representa a los menos afectados. Se generó un modelo multivariado de regresión logística multinomial. Resultados: Los grupos de riesgo a caries quedaron distribuidos de la siguiente manera: 598 (43.6%) fueron del grupo 1; 261 (19.0%) se asignaron al grupo 2; 316 (23.0%) estuvieron en el grupo 3; y 198 (14.4%) en el grupo 4. Comparando con el grupo menos afectado por lesiones cariosas, las variables asociadas en los diferentes grupos de gravedad en el modelo multivariado fueron: grupo de riesgo 2: edad, sexo y defectos de desarrollo del esmalte; grupo de riesgo 3: atención dental en el último año, actitud de la madre hacia la salud bucal y defectos de desarrollo del esmalte; grupo de riesgo 4: edad, atención dental en el último año, actitud de la madre hacia la salud bucal y defectos de desarrollo del esmalte. Conclusiones: La gravedad de caries está influenciada por variables demográficas, conductuales y clínicas

Gravedad de caries empleando un criterio del tamaño de la lesión y variables asociadas en una muestra de escolares mexicanos

Objective: To determine the severity of caries (lesion size) and associated variables in Mexican schoolchildren. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1373 schoolchildren 6-12 years old enrolled in public schools in Campeche, Mexico. Questionnaires were distributed to determine demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral variables. Dental examination was performed to each child to establish the size of caries lesions according “Criterion of carious lesion magnitude” index and to allocate according to the number of lesions present to one of four risk groups for developing cavities wherein the first group represents the least affected. A multivariate multinomial logistic regression model was generated. Results: Caries risk groups were distributed as follows: 598 (43.6%) were in group 1; 261 (19.0%) were assigned to group 2; 316 (23.0%) were in group 3; and 198 (14.4%) in group 4. Comparing with the least affected group by carious lesions, associated variables for severity in the multivariate model were “Risk Group 2”: age, sex and developmental enamel defects; “Risk Group 3”: dental care in the past year, mother’s attitude toward oral health and developmental enamel defects; “Risk Group 4”: age, dental care in the past year, mother’s attitude toward oral health and developmental enamel defects. Conclusions: Severity of decay is influenced by demographic, behavioral and clinical variables.Objetivo: Determinar la gravedad de caries (tamaño de la lesión) y las variables asociadas en niños escolares mexicanos. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 1373 escolares de 6 a 12 años de edad inscritos en escuelas públicas de Campeche, México. Se distribuyeron cuestionarios para determinar una serie de variables sociodemográficas, socioeconómicas y conductuales. Se realizó un examen bucal a cada niño para establecer el tamaño de las lesiones de caries de acuerdo al índice llamado “criterio de magnitud de la lesión cariosa” y asignarlo de acuerdo al número de lesiones presentes a uno de 4 grupos de riesgo para desarrollar caries, en donde el primer grupo representa a los menos afectados. Se generó un modelo multivariado de regresión logística multinomial. Resultados: Los grupos de riesgo a caries quedaron distribuidos de la siguiente manera: 598 (43.6%) fueron del grupo 1; 261 (19.0%) se asignaron al grupo 2; 316 (23.0%) estuvieron en el grupo 3; y 198 (14.4%) en el grupo 4. Comparando con el grupo menos afectado por lesiones cariosas, las variables asociadas en los diferentes grupos de gravedad en el modelo multivariado fueron: grupo de riesgo 2: edad, sexo y defectos de desarrollo del esmalte; grupo de riesgo 3: atención dental en el último año, actitud de la madre hacia la salud bucal y defectos de desarrollo del esmalte; grupo de riesgo 4: edad, atención dental en el último año, actitud de la madre hacia la salud bucal y defectos de desarrollo del esmalte. Conclusiones: La gravedad de caries está influenciada por variables demográficas, conductuales y clínicas

Prevalencia de fluorosis dental en ocho cohortes de mexicanos nacidos durante la instauración del Programa Nacional de Fluoruración de la Sal Doméstica

Objective: to determine the effect of birth cohort on dental fluorosis in Mexican schoolchildren during the implementation of the national program to fluoridate domestic salt. Material and methods: in a cross-sectional study we examined 1,644 schoolchildren 6-13 years old born between 1985-1992 in Campeche, México; a community where there is negligible naturally available fluoride in water supplies. Dental fluorosis was assessed with the Dean’s index in the permanent dentition. Questionnaires were used to identify diverse socio-demographic and socio-economic variables. In the statistical analysis logistic regression was used. results: the prevalence of fluorosis was 15.5%. In the multivariate model, we observed fluorosis was associated with larger family sizes (OR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.84-0.99) and female sex (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.57-0.98). Furthermore, using the cohort of 1985 as a comparison group, no significant dental fluorosis differences were found with those born between 1986-1987; in contrast, in the cohorts born between 1989-1992 the risk of dental fluorosis increased by almost four times (p < 0.05). conclusion: the prevalence of fluorosis was low compared to other studies in Mexico. In this community with negligible fluoride in water supplies the likelihood of dental fluorosis increased as the windows of susceptibility in birth cohorts were closer to the chronologic beginning of the national domestic salt fluoridation program in 1991. This trend was more apparent after 1991

Tooth brushing frequency in Mexican schoolchildren and associated sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and dental variables

Background: Tooth brushing (with fluoridated toothpaste) is the most cost-effective intervention in dentistry and it is widely recommended to preserve good oral health. We aimed to determine the frequency of tooth brushing and the variables associated with this practice in schoolchildren living in southeast Mexico. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 1644 schoolchildren, 6 to 13 years old. Questionnaires with socio-demographic, socioeconomic, and dental variables were administered to mothers/guardians of children. The dependent variable was the frequency of tooth brushing, which was categorized as 0 = tooth brushing less than once a day and 1 = tooth brushing at least once a day. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the final results. Results: Mean age was 9.06±2.02 years and 49.1% were girls. The prevalence of tooth brushing at least once a day was 49.8%. In the multivariate model, characteristics related to tooth brushing frequency (p<0.05) were: older age (OR=1.11), being female (OR=1.64), having a larger family (OR=0.87), having had a visit to a dentist during the year preceding the study (OR=1.37), and having had fluoride applications by a professional (OR=1.39). Conclusions: The results suggested that different variables (demographic, socioeconomic and dental) are associated with the frequency of tooth brushing. Family size (proxy variable for socioeconomic status) may indicate certain oral health inequalities in this population

Tooth-Loss Experience and Associated Variables among Adult Mexicans 60 Years and Older

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the experience of tooth loss, as well as its associated variables, in a sample of adult Mexicans, aged 60 years and older. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was part of a larger project to measure diverse oral health indicators in a convenience sample: it included 139 adult Mexican seniors (69.1% of whom were women), ages 60 years and older, either living in long-term care facilities or living independently and participating in adult day care services. Each participant underwent an oral examination to determine the number of missing teeth. Questionnaires were administered to collect sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral data. Statistical analyses were performed using nonparametric tests and negative binomial regression. Results: The mean age was 79.06 (±9.78 years). The mean number of missing teeth was 20.02 (±8.61; median, 24); 99.3% of the participants had at least 1 missing tooth, and only 14 had 20 teeth or more. Using a negative binomial regression multivariate model, we found that for each year’s increase in age, the mean number of teeth lost increased by 1% (p<0.05). In individuals who brushed their teeth fewer than two times a day, who had received radiotherapy, or who were currently smokers, the average tooth loss increased 49.2%, 22.6%, and 19.0%, respectively (p<0.01). Conclusion: Tooth-loss experience in these Mexican seniors was very high (20.02±8.61). Older age (within the range of this group of seniors), tooth-brushing patterns, the receipt of radiation therapy, and (current) tobacco use were associated with higher experience of tooth loss