POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF COLOSTRUM IN GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES

This paper reviews the composition of colostrum and the potebntial preventive and therapeutic use of this "first milk" for treating various gastrointestinal disorders in humans. Colostrum is a complex biological liquid that is rich in antimicrobial peptides, immune-regulanting compounds and growth factors than the subsequent mature milk. The main functions of colostrum are to provide essential nutritional components, strenghten the natural defense system, modulate immune response, balance intestinal microbiota and enhance the growth and repair of several tissues. several studies and clinical trials carried out both in vitro and in vivo on humans and animals suggest the clinical benefits of bovine colostrum (BC) supplementation in gastro-intestinal diseases. Despite the encouraging results, there are no contraindications regarding high dose levels and few side effects of clinical relevance have been reported. In conclusion, in the near future, colostrum-based supplementations may be play a role to synthetic drugs in the prevention and treatment of various gastrointestinal disorders

COLON MICROBIAL COMPOSITION IS CORRELATED WITH THE SEVERITY OF COLITIS INDUCED BY 2,4,6-TRINITROBENZESULFONIC ACID IN MICE.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in some bacterial species of colonic microbiota, the clinical signs and the intestinal changes in mice with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis. CD-1 male mice were randomly divided into three groups and inoculated intrarectally with saline ethanol or TNBS solutions. ethanol and TNBS treatments induced weight loss accompained by mild and severe inflammation of the colon mucosa, respectively. however, TNBS-treated mice displayed significant differences compared to the saline group in terms of disease activity index and histological scoring. Both ethanol and TNBS groups showed an increased prevalence of escherichia coli and Clostridium supp., a decrease in lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria counts, as well as changes in the relative proportions of bacteria in the colon. The results confirm the validity of TNBS treatment to study the mechanism involved in the pathogenesis and progression of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in CD-1 mice. Gut microbiota may become a diagnostic biomarker with therapeutic potential for IBD in the future

The Prophylactic Use of Bovine Colostrum in a Murine Model of TNBS-Induced Colitis

This study investigated the eects of a short-term administration of bovine colostrum (BC) in a TNBS model of induced colitis. Colitis was induced by TNBS treatment after seven days of BC (BC group, n = 12) or saline (control group, n = 12) administration in mice. Clinical signs, histopathological characteristics, expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and microbial composition were assessed. BC was well tolerated and did not induce any histological damage or clinical symptoms. After TNBS treatment, the BC group showed a reduction in body weight (BW) loss compared to Control (p < 0.05). Moreover, expression levels of TLR4 (p < 0.01), Interleukin-1 (IL-1; p < 0.001), Interleukin-8 (IL-8; p < 0.001), and Interleukin-10 (IL-10; p < 0.001) were lower in mice administered with BC. Finally, Escherichia coli were higher (p < 0.05), while Enterococci (p < 0.001), Lactobacillus spp. (p < 0.001), and Bifidobacterium spp. (p < 0.05) were lower in Control than BC group. This study confirms that pre-treatment with BC modulates the expression of genes and the count of microbes involved in the etiopathogenesis of colitis

Leucosi mieloide in allevamenti commerciali di broiler.

Avian Leukosis-Sarcoma (ALS) Complex includes a variety of transmissible tumors of birds, caused by Retroviridae.. Lymphoid leukosis is the most common form of the disease, but in recent years myelocytomatosis and myeloblastosis have been increasingly reported in heavy breeders, in commercial hens, and more rarely, in broiler chickens. This paper reports on neoplastic lesions, occurred spontaneously in broilers between 40-50 days on two consecutive productive cycles. The histological study revealed neoplastic cells with pleomorphism, irregularly distributed with atypical mitotic figures, containing eosinophilic granulations, typical features of the myeloid lineage. The early presence of these tumors in chickens from the same breeding supports the hypothesis of vertical transmission, typical of Retroviruses infections. Future immunohistochemical examinations should contribute definitely to the etiology of the disease

Bovine colostrum supplementation: potential benefits in human and animal health

Colostrum is the \u201cfirst milk\u201d produced by mammary gland after parturition. It is richer in biologically active constituents, such as antimicrobial peptides, immune-regulating compounds and growth factors, than the subsequent mature milk. The biological value of colostrum is documented by thousands of scientific studies and clinical trials carried out both in vitro and in vivo, in human and animal models. Colostrum plays a role in defensive mechanisms, modulation of immune response, balancing the intestinal microbiota and in the growth, functional development and repair of several tissues. Thus, it may be effective in prevention and treatment of infections, acute and chronic gastrointestinal diseases, immune system imbalances, neurodegenerative disorders and in reconstruction of damaged tissues. Colostrum is safe, has not contraindications also to high dose levels and the reported side effects of clinical relevance are limited. Recent advances in food technology of industrial dairying allow continuous availability of high quality colostrum. For all these reasons, unsurprisingly, pharmaceutical companies are moving in the market by producing supplements based on colostrum. In conclusion, in the next future, colostrum may have a complementary role to synthetic drugs in the prevention and treatment of several human and animals diseases

Microbiological Assessment of Some Culturable Microbiotafrom Clinically Healthy Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) Under Human Care

The mammalian commensal microbiota constitutes over a thousand bacterial phylotypes (Suchodolski, 2014) and confers important functions, including a mucosal barrier function, a metabolic function, and an immune regulatory function, which contribute to the development and regulation of the gut immune system (Backhed et al., 2005). The composition of microbiota can be influenced by various factors, including diet, exposure to antibiotics, and the well-functioning mechanisms of immune tolerance (Koenig et al., 2011). Unfortunately, there are few reports describing gastrointestinal microflora in cetacean species, and the available information is related to free-ranging dolphins (Morris et al., 2011). The knowledge of normal gastrointestinal microflora from healthy dolphins under human care, in addition to allowing a wider understanding of the role of bacteria in animals with physiological disorders, could permit an evaluation of the general health status of wild marine mammals and the potential transmission risks to humans. The aim of this study is to detect and enumerate some culturable microorganisms from the gastric juice and faeces of clinically healthy bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) kept under human care to establish baseline data for this species for the first time