Ação ovicida do extrato bruto enzimático do fungo Pochonia chlamydosporia sobre ovos de Ancylostoma sp

Ancylostoma sp é um geo-helminto potencialmente zoonótico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar in vitro a ação do extrato bruto enzimático de Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC4) sobre ovos de Ancylostoma sp, em meio ágar-água 2% e em cultura de fezes. Observou-se um percentual de redução na eclosão dos ovos de Ancylostoma sp, de 76,8% na placas de Petri do grupo tratado em relação ao grupo controle. O extrato bruto enzimático de Pochonia chlamydosporia foi eficiente na redução da eclosão dos ovos de Ancylostoma sp, podendo ser utilizado como controlador biológico desse nematoide.Ancylostoma sp is a potentially zoonotic geohelminth. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the action of crude enzyme extract of Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC4) on eggs of Ancylostoma sp in 2% water-agar and in fecal cultures. The percentage reduction in Ancylostoma sp egg eclosion was 76.8% in Petri dishes of the treated group compared to the control group. The crude enzyme extract of Pochonia chlamydosporia was effective at reducing Ancylostoma sp egg eclosion and can be used as biological control of this nematode

Statement of Second Brazilian Congress of Mechanical Ventilarion : part I

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Efficacy of fenbendazole and of pyrantel pamoato on Ancylostoma sp. e Toxocara canis, parasites intestinal of dogs

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia individual do fembendazol e do pamoato de pirantel contra nematóides intestinais de cães. Para tal, foram utilizados 36 filhotes de cães, sendo 18 machos e 18 fêmeas com menos de seis meses de idade , provenientes do canil do Departamento de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, selecionados por meio de exames coprológicos de Willis, sedimentação simples e contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG). Foram utilizados os animais que apresentaram infecção mista por Ancylostoma sp. e Toxocara canis. Estes foram distribuídos em três grupos de doze animais, sendo um grupo controle, um tratado com fembendazol, 100 mg por Kg de peso vivo, por via oral, em dose única, e o outro com pamoato de pirantel, 15mg por Kg de peso vivo, por via oral, em dose única. Durante todo o período experimental, os cães receberam ração comercial e água à vontade. Foram realizados exames coprológicos de Willis, sedimentação simples e contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), no dia do tratamento (dia 0), 24 horas após os tratamentos (dia 1) e nos dias 3, 5 e 7 pós-tratamento. No sétimo dia, os animais foram sacrificados e necropsiados para coleta dos vermes adultos e as mucosas do trato gastrintestinal passaram por um processo de digestão, em acido clorídrico a 3%, para pesquisa de estádios imaturos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que houve uma eficácia de 99,89% do pamoato de pirantel contra o A. caninum e uma redução de 100% do OPG no sétimo dia após o tratamento, já contra o T. canis a eficácia foi de 71,63%, com redução de 80,73% do OPG. O fembendazol apresentou uma eficácia de 93,19% contra o A. caninum, com redução de 96,22% do OPG e uma eficácia de 82,1% contra o T. canis, reduzindo o OPG em 95,71%. Para o controle do A. caninum, as duas drogas se mostraram eficazes, com maior eficácia do pamoato de pirantel, mas, para o T. canis as drogas foram pouco eficazes quando administrados isoladamente nas doses comercialmente recomendadas.The objective of this work was to evaluate the individual efficacy of the fenbendazole and the pyrantel pamoate against intestinal nematodes of dogs. Thirty six nestlings of dogs were used, being eighteen males and eighteen females up to six months of age, coming of the kennel of the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Federal University of Viçosa, selected through fecal exams of Willis, simple sedimentation and count of eggs per gram of feces (EPG). being used the animals that presented mixed infection for Ancylostoma sp. and Toxocara canis. The animais were distributed in three groups of twelve animals, being a control group, a group treated with fenbendazole, 100 mg for Kg of body weight, orally, in an unique dose, and the other with pyrantel pamoate, 5 mg for Kg of body weight, orally, in an unique dose. During the whole experimental period, the dogs received commercial ration and water ad libitum . Fecal exams of Willis, simple sedimentation and EPG realized in the day of the treatment (0), 24 hours after the treatments (1) and in the 3, 5 and 7 after the treatments. In the seventh day, the animals were killed and necropsied for collection of the adult worms and the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract was submitted to digestion process, in hydrochloric acid to 3%, for research of immature stages. The results showed an efficacy of 99,89% of the pyrantel pamoate against the A. caninum with reduction of 100% of EPG in the seventh day after the treatment, and against the T. canis the effectiveness was of 71,65%, with reduction of 80,73% of OPG. The fenbendazole showed an efficacy of 93,19% against the A. caninum, with reduction of 96,22% in the EPG and an efficacy of 82,1% against the T. canis, reducing the EPG in 95,71%. The results demonstrate the efficacy for the control of the A. caninum with the two drugs, with higher effective of the pyrantel pamoate. To the T. canis control the drugs shower lower efficacy when administered separately in the doses recommended commercially

Biological control of Ancylostoma spp. and of Toxocara canis by nematophagous fungi

O convívio do homem com cães e gatos não se limita a uma situação de cohabitação familiar. Estes animais freqüentam também áreas públicas de lazer destinadas à populacão humana e, com freqüência, defecam nestes locais. Fezes de animais parasitados, depositadas no ambiente podem tornar o solo contaminado com ovos e larvas de helmintos, os quais muitas vezes são agentes de várias zoonoses, com destaque para o Ancylostoma spp. e Toxocara sp. pelo potencial zoonótico e por serem os mais prevalentes. O controle do estágio adulto destes nematóides é baseado na utilização de anti-helmínticos, no entanto, o uso de agentes biocontroladores pode ser uma medida complementar reduzindo a população dos estágios pré-parasitários em desenvolvimento no solo. Dentre os organismos biocontroladores, sabe-se que os fungos nematófagos têm tido eficácia contra os nematóides de animais domésticos. A fim de determinar o melhor fungo para o controle do Ancylostoma spp., sete isolados de fungos predadores de nematóides, Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001), Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34a), M. appendiculatum (CGI), M. sinense (SF53), Arthrobotrys conoides (I-40), A. cladodes (CG719) e A. robusta (I-31) foram avaliados in vitro quanto à capacidade de predar larvas infectantes (L3) de Ancylostoma spp. Os isolados AC001, I-31 e NF34a mostraram mais eficazes na captura das L3 de Ancylostoma spp. no teste in vitro e em seguida foram avaliados in vivo quanto à capacidade de suportar a passagem pelo trato gastrintestinal de cães, sem perda da habilidade de predar L3 de Ancylostoma spp. Os isolados fúngicos sobreviveram à passagem e foram eficientes em predar as L 3 nas primeiras 48h de coleta das fezes (P0,05), comprovando a ação do fungo M. thaumasium sobre as larvas do solo, podendo servir como uma alternativa de controle ambiental do Ancylostoma spp. de cães. Para determinar o melhor fungo no controle do Toxocara canis, foi avaliada a atividade ovicida, in vitro, dos fungos oportunistas Pochonia chlamydosporia (isolados VC1 e VC4) e Paecilomyces lilacinus sobre ovos de Toxocara canis. Todos os isolados fungicos apresentaram atividade ovicida (efeito tipo 3) sobre ovos de T. canis e são promissores candidatos a controladores biológicos deste helminto.The interaction of man with dogs and cats is not limited to a situation of cohabitation family. These animals also frequent public areas and leisure for the human population and often defecate on these sites. Feces of infected animals, deposited in the environment may become contaminated soil with eggs and larvae of parasitic worms, which often are agents of zoonosis, especially Ancylostoma spp. and Toxocara sp. because they are zoonotic and are most prevalent in dogs.The control of the adult stage of these nematodes is based on the use of anti-helminthic; however, the use of biocontrol agents may be an additional measure reducing the population of preparasitic stages in development in the soil. Among the biocontrol organisms, it is known that nematode- trapping fungi have been effective against nematodes of domestic animals. In order to determine the best fungus for control of Ancylostoma spp., the predatory capacity of nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001), Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34a), M. appendiculatum (CGI), M. sinense (SF53), Arthrobotrys conoides (I-40), A. cladodes (CG719) and A. robusta (I-31) on infective Ancylostoma spp. larvae (L 3) was evaluated. Isolates AC001, I-31 and NF34a were more effective in capturing L3 during the in vitro assay. Isolates were then in vivo evaluated for the capacity to remain viable after passing through the gastrointestinal tract of dogs, while still maintaining their predatory activity against L3. Fungal isolates survived the passage and showed efficient predation 48 h after fungal administration to the dogs (P0.05), confirming the action of M. thaumasium against larvae in the soil, and can be therefore considered as an alternative environmental control of Ancylostoma spp. in dogs. In order to determine the best fungus for control of Toxocara canis, an assessment was made of the ovicidal activity of egg-parasitizing fungi Pochonia chlamydosporia (isolates VC1 and VC4) and Paecilomyces lilacinus on Toxocara canis eggs in vitro. All the fungal isolates showed ovicidal activity (type 3 effect) on T. canis eggs and can be considered a potential candidate to biological controller of those nematodes

Eficácia do fembendazol e do pamoato de pirantel sobre nematóides intestinais de cães

Avaliou-se a eficácia do fembendazol e do pamoato de pirantel no controle de nematóides intestinais de cães. Foram utilizados 36 filhotes, naturalmente infectados por Ancylostoma sp. e Toxocara canis, selecionados por meio de exames coprológicos de Willis, sedimentação simples e contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG). Os animais foram distribuídos em três grupos de 12 cães cada, sendo um controle (sem tratamento), um tratado com fembendazol (100 mg/kg) e o outro com pamoato de pirantel (15 mg/kg). Os exames coprológicos foram realizados nos dias zero, um, três, cinco e sete pós-tratamento. No sétimo dia, os animais foram sacrificados e necropsiados para coleta dos vermes adultos. A eficácia do pamoato de pirantel contra o A. caninum foi de 99,9%, com redução de 100% do OPG no sétimo dia pós-tratamento. Contra o T. canis foi de 71,6%, com redução de 80,7% do OPG. A eficácia do fembendazol contra o A. caninum foi 93,2%, com redução de 96,2% do OPG e 82,1% contra o T. canis, com redução de 95,7% do OPG. As duas drogas mostraram-se eficaz para o controle do A. caninum e pouco eficazes para o controle do T. canis.The efficiency of fenbendazol and pyrantel pamoate was evaluated against intestinal nematodes of dogs. Thirty three puppies naturally infected by Ancylostoma sp. and Toxocara canis were selected through fecal tests by Willis method, simple sedimentation and count of eggs per gram of feces (EPG). The animals were separated into three groups of 12 dogs each: a control (without treatment), a group treated with fenbendazole (100 mg/kg) and the other with pyrantel pamoate (15 mg/kg). Fecal tests were performed at days 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 after treatments. On the seventh day, the animals were euthanized and necropsied for collection of adult worms. Efficiency of pyrantel pamoate against A. caninum was 99.9% with reduction of 100% of EPG on the seventh day after the treatment. The efficiency against T. canis was 71.6%, with reduction of 80.7% of EPG. Efficiency of fenbendazole against A. caninum was 93.2%, with reduction of 96.2% of OPG and 82.1% against T. canis, with reduction of 95.7% of OPG. The two drugs showed efficiency for the control of A. caninum and lower efficiency for the control of T. canis

Viability and nematophagous activity of the freeze-dried fungus Arthrobotrys robusta against Ancylostoma spp. infective larvae in dogs

Viability and in vitro and in vivo activities of freeze-dried conidia of the predatory fungus Arthrobotrys robusta (I-31) were evaluated against infective larvae (L3) of Ancylostoma spp. in dogs. A. robusta conidia were lyophilized and stored at 4 °C for a month. Freeze-dried conidia were diluted to 1 × 103 conidia/ml and tested in vivo. The treated group consisted of a solution containing conidia (1 ml) and 1000 Ancylostoma spp. (L3) placed on Petri dishes plated with 2% water–agar (2% WA), at 25 °C, in the dark for 10 days. The control group consisted of 1000 Ancylostoma spp. L3, plated on 2% WA. After 10 days, Ancylostoma spp. L3 from both the treated and the control groups were recovered and counted. The in vivo test was performed on two dogs by administering a single oral dose of freeze-dried conidia (1.5 × 105) in aqueous solution to one animal and only water to the other. Fecal samples were collected at 12, 24 and 48 h after the treatments, plated 2% WA plates and incubated at 25 °C for 15 days. A thousand Ancylostoma spp. L3 larvae were spread on these plates. At day 15, infective L3 recovered from the treated and control groups were counted. In the in vitro test, A. robusta was able to survive the freeze-drying process, grow in the plates, form traps and capture Ancylostoma spp. L3. There was a 75.38% decrease in the number of infective larvae recovered from the treated group. The in vivo test showed that freeze-dried A. robusta conidia survived the passage through the gastrointestinal tract of the treated dog, was able to grow in the plates and capture Ancylostoma spp. L3, reducing the number of recovered L3 (p < 0.01). Freeze-drying can be an alternative method for conservation of conidia of nematophagous fungi

Efeito do fungo Paecilomyces lilacinus sobre ovos de Taenia saginata

Com o objetivo de demonstrar a eficácia do fungo Paecilomyces lilacinus sobre ovos de Taenia saginata em condições laboratoriais, foi montado ensaio em placas de Petri com agar - água 2%. Houve atividade ovicida (p<0,05) em relação ao grupo controle no décimo dia de interação e colonização interna dos ovos de 25,5%