THE USE OF HYBRID VEHICLES AS A PROPOSAL FOR REDUCING CO2 EMISSIONS AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO REDUCING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

The problems related to energy consumption and pollutant emissions for thetransport sector represent a major global concern regarding climate changes caused by greenhouse gases, directly related to the increased level of gas emissions from fossil fuels , the main one being carbon dioxide. One way tominimize this problem is through the introduction of new technologies. Hybrid cars are one of the new technology options that has the main advantage of reducing fuel consumption and therefore reducing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. This paper gives an introduction to hybrid vehicles, with the aim of presenting their main advantages and evaluate their impact on emissions of CO2 in the Brazilian fleet, compared to conventional vehicles

Resistência de genótipos de melancia à mancha aquosa.

O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o nível de resistência de genótipos de melancia pertencentes ao Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de Cucurbitáceas para o Nordeste Brasileiro (BAG) da Embrapa Semiárido, em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento da planta: sementes (74 genótipos), plântulas e plantas antes da floração (29 genótipos) e plantas durante a floração e frutificação (7 genótipos).Suplemento. Resumo 296. Edição do 45 Congresso Brasileiro de Fitopatologia, 2012, Manaus

Avaliação de genótipos de girassol em safrinha no cerrado do Distrito Federal em 2011 em ensaio de segundo ano.

O experimento foi instalado na Embrapa Cerrados e avaliou o comportamento de 10 genótipos de girassol em safrinha, em ensaio de segundo ano. Foram avaliados: rendimento de grãos, altura de plantas, número de plantas quebradas, peso de mil aquênios e dias para floração plena no período de 16/02/2011 a 15/06/2011. O rendimento médio ficou em 2.912,60 kg.ha-1e o rendimento máximo foi apresentado pelo genótipo BRS G 29 (3.410,29 kg.ha ). A altura média das plantas foi de 169,75 cm, o peso médio de mil aquênios foi de 52,8 g e o número médio de dias para floração foi de 62. As condições ambientais expressas pela safrinha no Cerrado do Distrito Federal em 2011 colocam o girassol como uma opção de cultivo no sistema de produção agrícola dessa região. EVALUATION SUNFLOWER GENOTYPES ON OUT OF SEASON CROP AT DISTRITO FEDERAL SAVANNA IN 2011 IN SECOND YEAR TEST. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Cerrados and were evaluated the behaviors of 10 sunflower genotypes in off-season, in second year test. Were evaluated: yield, plants height, number of broken plants, weight of a thousand seeds and days to complete flowering between February 16thand June 15th. The average grain yield was 2.912,60 kg.ha and the highest yield was presented by BRS G 29 (3.410,29 kg.ha-1). The mean value for plants height was 169,75 cm. The average weight of a thousand seeds and number of days to complete flowering were 52,8 g and 62 days, respectively. Environmental conditions expressed in offseason period at Distrito Federal savanna in 2011 puts sunflower as an option in agricultural production system in this region

Selection of watermelon genotypes for resistance to bacterial fruit blotch.

Bacterial fruit blotch, caused by Acidovorax citrulli, is a serious threat to the watermelon crop in Brazil

Comportamento de genótipos de girassol em safrinha no cerrado do Distrito Federal em 2011 em ensaio de primeiro ano.

Um ensaio de primeiro ano de avaliação foi conduzido na Embrapa Cerrados com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento de genótipos de girassol em safrinha, em relação às variáveis: rendimento de grãos, altura de plantas, número de plantas quebradas, peso de mil aquênios, dias para floração plena em 19 materiais genéticos no período de 16/02/2011 a 15/06/2011. O rendimento médio ficou em torno de 3.390,67 kg.ha-1e a rendimento de grãos máximo foi obtida pelo genótipo BRS G 30(5.489,67 kg.ha-1). A altura média das plantas foi de 175 cm, o peso médio de mil aquênios foi 57,03 g e o período para floração plena ficou em torno de 64 dias. As condições ambientais expressas na safrinha do Cerrado do Distrito Federal, em 2011, fazem com que o girassol seja uma opção de cultivo no sistema de produção agrícola. SUNFLOWER GENOTYPES AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN OFF-SEASON PERIOD AT DISTRITO FEDERAL SAVANNA IN 2011 IN FIRST YEAR TEST. An experiment of the first year evaluation was conduced at Embrapa Cerrados with the objective of evaluate the agronomic performance of sunflower genotypes in off-season period, and were evaluated: yield, plants height, number of broken plants, weight of a thousand seeds and days to complete flowering in 19 genetic materials between February 16th and June 15th of 2011. The average grain yield was 3390.67 kg.ha-1 and the highest yield was obtained by the genotype BRS G 30 (5489.67 kg.ha-1). The average height of plants was 175 cm, the weight of a thousand seeds was 57.03 g and the number of days to complete flowering was around 64 days.The environmental conditions expressed in off-season period at Distrito Federal savanna, in 2011, makes sunflower crop as an option in agricultural production system

A High-fructose Diet Induces Changes In Pp185 Phosphorylation In Muscle And Liver Of Rats.

Insulin stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity of its receptor resulting in the tyrosine phosphorylation of pp185, which contains insulin receptor substrates IRS-1 and IRS-2. These early steps in insulin action are essential for the metabolic effects of insulin. Feeding animals a high-fructose diet results in insulin resistance. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying this effect is unknown. In the present study, we determined the levels and phosphorylation status of the insulin receptor and pp185 (IRS-(1/2)) in liver and muscle of rats submitted to a high-fructose diet evaluated by immunoblotting with specific antibodies. Feeding fructose (28 days) induced a discrete insulin resistance, as demonstrated by the insulin tolerance test. Plasma glucose and serum insulin and cholesterol levels of the two groups of rats, fructose-fed and control, were similar, whereas plasma triacylglycerol concentration was significantly increased in the rats submitted to the fructose diet (P<0.05). There were no changes in insulin receptor concentration in the liver or muscle of either group. However, insulin-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation was reduced to 72 +/- 4% (P<0.05) in the liver of high-fructose rats. The IRS-1 protein levels were similar in both liver and muscle of the two groups of rats. In contrast, there was a significant decrease in insulin-induced pp185 (IRS-(1/2)) phosphorylation, to 83 +/- 5% (P<0.05) in liver and to 77 +/- 4% (P<0.05) in muscle of the high-fructose rats. These data suggest that changes in the early steps of insulin signal transduction may have an important role in the insulin resistance induced by high-fructose feeding.331421-

Simbiose micorrízica em plantas forrageiras.

Esse projeto teve como objetivos: verificar a condição micorrízica em plantas forrageiras nas condições do semi-árido, avaliar a eficiência de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em promover o crescimento vegetal e o teor nutricional de plantas de Cajanus cajan var. Petrolina, passível de utilização na alimentação animal, e conhecer o potencial dessas forragens em incrementar a propagação desses fungos no solo

Monteiro: cultivar de caupi de tegumento branco para cultivo irrigado.

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A High-fructose Diet Induces Insulin Resistance But Not Blood Pressure Changes In Normotensive Rats.

Rats fed a high-fructose diet represent an animal model for insulin resistance and hypertension. We recently showed that a high-fructose diet containing vegetable oil but a normal sodium/potassium ratio induced mild insulin resistance with decreased insulin receptor substrate-1 tyrosine phosphorylation in the liver and muscle of normal rats. In the present study, we examined the mean blood pressure, serum lipid levels and insulin sensitivity by estimating in vivo insulin activity using the 15-min intravenous insulin tolerance test (ITT, 0.5 ml of 6 microg insulin, iv) followed by calculation of the rate constant for plasma glucose disappearance (Kitt) in male Wistar-Hannover rats (110-130 g) randomly divided into four diet groups: control, 1:3 sodium/potassium ratio (R Na:K) diet (C 1:3 R Na:K); control, 1:1 sodium/potassium ratio diet (CNa 1:1 R Na:K); high-fructose, 1:3 sodium/potassium ratio diet (F 1:3 R Na:K), and high-fructose, 1:1 sodium/potassium ratio diet (FNa 1:1 R Na:K) for 28 days. The change in R Na:K for the control and high-fructose diets had no effect on insulin sensitivity measured by ITT. In contrast, the 1:1 R Na:K increased blood pressure in rats receiving the control and high-fructose diets from 117 +/- 3 and 118 +/- 3 mmHg to 141 +/- 4 and 132 +/- 4 mmHg (P < 0.05), respectively. Triacylglycerol levels were higher in both groups treated with a high-fructose diet when compared to controls (C 1:3 R Na:K: 1.2 +/- 0.1 mmol/l vs F 1:3 R Na:K: 2.3 +/- 0.4 mmol/l and CNa 1:1 R Na:K: 1.2 +/- 0.2 mmol/l vs FNa 1:1 R Na:K: 2.6 +/- 0.4 mmol/l, P < 0.05). These data suggest that fructose alone does not induce hyperinsulinemia or hypertension in rats fed a normal R Na:K diet, whereas an elevation of sodium in the diet may contribute to the elevated blood pressure in this animal model.341155-6