Ramificaçao e distribuição da artéria celíaca na cutia (Dasyprocta aguti)

Estudamos a ramificação e a distribuição da artéria celíaca em 19 cutias (Dasyprocta aguti, Rodentia) adultas (5 machos e 14 fêmeas), procedentes do Estado do Piauí, Brasil. Injetamos látex, do tipo Neoprene 650 corado, na porção abdominal da aorta de cada animal, os quais foram fixados cm solução aquosa de formol a 10%. Nossos resultados mostraram que a artéria celíaca termina por trifurcação (73,7% ± 10,1) nas artérias esplênica, gástrica esquerda e hepática ou por bifurcação (26,3% ± 10,1). A artéria esplênica emite vários ramos para o baço1 a 7 e continua-se como artéria gastroepiplóica esquerda. A artéria hepática dá origem à artéria gástrica direita, gastroepiplóica direita e pancreaticoduodenal cranial. A artéria gástrica esquerda destina-se à pequena curvatura e parte proventricular do estômago.The branches and distribution of the coeliac artery were studied in 19 adult specimens (5 males and 14 females) of “Cutias” (Dasyprocta aguti, Rodentia) captured in the State of Piaui, Brazil. After anesthesia and prior to dissection, Neoprene-latex 650 was injected through the abdominal portion of the aorta. The results showed that the coeliac artery was found with 2 (26.3%) or 3 (73.7%) terminal branches: splenic, left gastric and hepatic arteries. The splenic artery, after giving several branches to the spleen (1 to 7), sends one (the left gastroepiploic artery) to the stomach. The hepatic artery gives off the right gastric, right gastroepiploic and cranial pancreaticoduodenal arteries. The left gastric artery sends branches to the stomach (lesser curvature and proventricular part)

A veia ázigos direita na cutia (Dasyprocta aguti, rodentia)

The behaviour of the azygos vein, its formation and topography were studied in 10 cutias (Dasyprocta aguti, rodentia) adults (6 males and 4 females) captured in the State of Piauí, Brazil. This research intends to be a base for other investigations, particularly those with reference to zootechnical exploration of this species. The azygos venous system was injected with latex (Neoprene 671), then the animals were put in watery solution of formol 10%, and dissected. In all specimens it was observed that the azygos vein always arrives in the cranial vena cava on a level with fourth intercostal space. The azygos vein receives more frequently (50%), the intercostal veins on the right side and 5 (50%) on the left one. The tributaries of the azygos vein are the phrenic veins (l00%), and the broncoesophagea vein (30%). The hemiazygos vein is in all cases on the left side and in 60% of the cases on the right side. The azygos vein communicates with the left hemiazygos vein (90%), with the right one (100%), and with the vena cava caudal and intervertebral veins, with equal frequency (30%).O comportamento da veia ázigos, sua formação e topografia foram estudados em 10 cutias (Dasyprocta aguti, rodentia) adultas (6 machos e 4 fêmeas, capturadas no estado do Piauí, Brasil). Este trabalho tem por objetivo constituir a base de outras investigações, particularmente aquelas referentes à exploração zootécnica desta espécie. O sistema de veia ázigos foi injetado com látex - Neoprene 671, e os animais foram colocados em solução aquosa de formol a 10%, e dissecados. Em todas as espécies foi observado que a veia ázigos sempre chega na veia cava cranial em nível do quarto espaço intercostal. A veia ázigos recebe em (50%) dos casos as veias intercostais à direita e (50%) à esquerda. As tributárias da veia ázigos são: as veias frênicas (100%) e a veia bronco esofágica (30%). A veia hemiázigos aparece em todos os casos à esquerda e em 60% dos casos à direita. A veia ázigos comunica-se com a veia hemiázigos esquerda (90%), e com a direita (100%), com a veia cava caudal e veias intervertebrais, com igual freqüência (30%)

Stereological and Morphometric Study of Type 3 Collagen Formation in the Cutaneous Wounds of Diabetic Mice Treated with Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Introduction: Wound healing is a progressive, essential and complex physiological process that occurs as a restorative response after a tissue injury. It involves three phases: inflammation, proliferation and maturation. Exogenous, endogenous and pathological factors may interfere in the cicatricial process in humans and animals by altering the balance between the synthesis, degradation and remodelling of collagen and elastic fibres. Diabetes mellitus is a progressive metabolic disease that alters elastogenesis and collagenesis and induces delays in the healing process. Scientific evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells modulate the cicatricial response. Thus the objective of this work was to perform stereological and morphometric analysis to determine the formation of dermal fibres in cutaneous fragments of a murine model of diabetes mellitus.Materials, Methods & Results: Histological sections were obtained from the cutaneous wounds of diabetic mice. The cutaneous wounds were previously treated with autogenous mesenchymal stem cells, physiological solution or polyurethane membrane. The histological sections were subsequently processed and stained for type 1 and 3 collagen fibres and elastic fibres using Picrosirius Red and Weigert staining, respectively. Histological sections stained with Picrosirius Red presented three types of birefringence under polarised light microscopy that corresponded to red colours for type 1 collagen and green and yellow colours for type 3 collagen. Weigert staining presented three colours for histological structures under white light microscopy that corresponded to black colours for elastic fibres, variations in colour from pink to purple for other structures and dermal attachments. The elastic fibres, represented by a black colour, presented in a heterogeneous form and were either identified as thin, punctiform or rectangular fibres or as elastic agglomerates. A greater volume of elastic fibres was observed in the superficial dermis than in the deep dermis, arranged irregularly. These fibres were organised longitudinally to the dermo-epidermal junction and surrounding the blood vessels and hair follicles. The images obtained were evaluated using the Cavalieri principle of stereology to obtain quantitative data in three-dimensions (3D), represented by the volume of the dermal fibres, and by the colour segmentation method. The K-means clustering plug-in in Image J® was used to quantify the area of the dermal fibres in the cutaneous wounds after the proposed dermatological treatments. A total of 90 images were obtained and analysed. No statistically significant differences (P > 0.01) were observed in the volume or area of type 1 collagen fibres between the treatment groups. Significant differences (P < 0.01) were only identified for the volumes and areas of type 3 collagen, with treated animals also presenting lower mean values for the volume and area of elastic fibres compared to the control group.Discussion: The preponderance of type 3 immature collagen in the cutaneous wounds of animals treated with stem cells indicates active collagenase and greater fibroblastic activity, which is probably induced by stem cells. Diametrically, the identification of lower levels of elastic fibres in the cutaneous fragments treated with stem cells suggests that cell therapy does not contribute satisfactorily to elastogenesis. Previous reports suggested that mesenchymal stem cells may decrease elastin synthesis, and such a situation may have occurred in this study. The autologous mesenchymal stem cells increased the formation of collagen fibres in diabetic mice at the detriment of the formation of elastic fibres, thus suggesting active early collagen in the first 2 weeks of the cicatricial process

Análise histométrica do desenvolvimento testicular de cutias (Dasyprocta aguti) criadas em cativeiros

The testicular development in 31 Agoutis, of the Dasyprocta aguti species, from the birth up to 14 months of age was studied through the histometric analysis. Mid diameter and the mean area, in each testicle, were obtained through 30 crosscuts of the funiculus and/or the seminiferous tubule, by means of a computerized system for image analysis and a Zeiss CPL 10X ocular micrometric device, coupled to an objective lens of 40X. Testicles volume proportions were obtained through the stereometric method, according to Elias, Henning and Schwartz¹. Tubule medium diameter presented a slow growth from the birth to the eight months of age, for both used methodologies. When the ocular micrometric device was used it was observed that, beginning in the ninth month, the tubule diameter had an accelerated growth getting to duplicate its value if compared with the preceded age group. The volume proportion of the testicle cord and the seminiferous tubule grew gradually, reaching its maximum value (86,50%) on the ninth month. The Leydig cells presented a decreasing volume proportion, and their largest values were expressive from the birth up to four months of age (7,00 ± 1,77% to 9,55 ± 0,64%) and a minimum value, starting from nine months, still tending to stabilize. The stroma decreased with the development of age and fall abruptly when the puberty starts. It is concluded that the diameter of the testicles cords and seminiferous tubule presented a larger growth coinciding with the start of puberty and the volume proportion of the Leydig cells was lower in the same period.Foi estudado, por meio da histometria, o desenvolvimento testicular em 31 cutias da espécie Dasyprocta aguti desde o nascimento até 14 meses de idade. O diâmetro e a área, médios, foram obtidos a partir de 30 secções transversais de cordões e/ou túbulos seminíferos, em cada testículo, utilizando-se sistema de computadorizado de analises de imagem e uma ocular micrométrica Zeiss CPL 10X, acoplada a uma objetiva de 40X. As proporções volumétricas do testículo foram obtidas com o método estereométrico, segundo Elias, Henning e Schwartz¹. O diâmetro tubular médio apresentou crescimento lento desde o nascimento até os oito meses de idade, nas duas metodologias empregadas. Quando foi usada a ocular micrométrica observou-se que, a partir de nove meses, o diâmetro tubular teve um crescimento acelerado, chegando a duplicar o seu valor, se comparado com grupo etário que o antecedia. A proporção volumétrica dos cordões testiculares e túbulos seminíferos cresceu gradualmente, atingindo, aos nove meses, seu valor máximo (86,50%). As células de Leydig apresentaram proporção volumétrica decrescente, e seus maiores valores foram expressivos do nascimento até quatro meses de idade (7,00 ± 1,77% a 9,55 ± 0,64%) e mínimos a partir de nove meses, tendendo ainda a uma estabilização. O estroma diminuiu com a evolução da idade caindo bruscamente a partir da puberdade. Conclui-se que o diâmetro dos cordões testiculares e túbulos seminíferos apresentou maior crescimento, coincidindo com o início da puberdade e a proporção volumétrica das células de Leydig encontrou-se, respectivamente, mais alta e mais baixa no mesmo período

DIGESTIBILIDADE APARENTE DE NUTRIENTES DE RAÇÕES BALANCEADAS COM ALIMENTOS ALTERNATIVOS PARA CUTIAS (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) EM CRESCIMENTO

Objetivou-se avaliar a digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta, energia bruta, extrato etéreo, cálcio e fósforo de rações balanceadas com alimentos alternativos contendo diferentes níveis de proteína bruta para cutias na fase de crescimento. Dezesseis cutias, com idade média de cinco meses e peso vivo médio inicial de 1.200 g, foram alojadas individualmente em gaiolas de metabolismo e distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos: T1 – ração com 14% de proteína bruta (PB); T2 – ração com 16% de PB; T3 – ração com 18% de PB e T4 – ração com 20% de PB. A unidade experimental foi representada por um animal. Não foram observados efeitos significativos para os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes. Os níveis de proteína bruta da dieta não interferem nos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da PB, da EB, do cálcio e do fósforo. A digestibilidade do extrato etéreo diminui com o incremento da proteína bruta nas rações. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Alimento alternativo, cutia, digestibilidade aparente, nutrientes

Configuration of the portal venous system in agouties (Dasyprocta aguti, RODENTIA)

The study of portal vein concerning the confluent vessels to its formation and its tributaries was carried out in adult agouties (3 females and 7 males), the venous system of which was infected with colored latex and fixed in 10% formol. After dissection, it was noted that the trunk of the portal vein has its origin in the confluence of two roots, represented in 90% of the cases, by the lienal vein and by the common mesenteric trunk, composed by cranial and caudal mesenteric veins and, in 10%, by lienal vein and by cranial mesenteric vein. The trunk of the portal vein has as its tributaries the cranial pancreaticoduodenal vein (100%), the right gastric vein (90%), and the right gastroepiploic vein (40%).O estudo da veia porta quanto aos vasos confluentes para sua formação e suas tributárias foi efetuado em 10 cutias (Dasyprocta aguti), adultas (3 fêmeas e 7 machos), nas quais o sistema desta veia foi injetado com látex corado, sendo a seguir fixadas em formol a 10% e dissecadas. Verificou-se que o tronco da veia porta origina-se sempre pela confluência de duas raízes, sendo representadas em 90% dos casos, pela veia lienal e pelo tronco mesentérico comum, constituído pelas veias mesentéricas cranial e caudal e, em 10%, pela veia lienal e pela veia mesentérica cranial. O tronco da veia porta recebe como tributárias a veia pancreaticoduodenal cranial (100%), a veia gástrica direita (90%) e, ainda, a veia gastroepiplóica direita (40%)

Morphologic caracteristics of cells on the erytrocytic series of the Caiman crocodilus yacare (Daudin, 1802; Reptilia, crocodilia)

This research aimed to study the anatomical characteristics of the agouti's lung, particularly the lobation, the distribution of pulmonary artery's ramus, and its relation with bronchi. Ten heart-lungs blocks were used; in eight of these blocks, colored Neoprene Latex was injected in the pulmonary artery. Afterwards, the samples were fixed in aqueous solution of formoaldehyde 10%, and the arterial ramus dissected on the parenchyma of the organ. Into the two remained lungs colored vinyl acetate was injected and soon after the pieces was submitted to corrosion with chloridric acid 30%. It was observe that the lung of the agouti is divided outside by pronounced fissures that separate the pulmonary lobes, as much on the right side as on the left. The right one, with four lobes: cranial, medial, caudal and accessory, and the left lung with two lobes: cranial and caudal. The cranial lobe is divided into two segments: cranial e caudal. From the right main bronchus originates the right cranial, medial, right caudal and accessory lobes bronchi. The left main bronchus originates the cranial lobar bronchus, which bifurcates, giving rise to the to cranial and caudal portion branches of left cranial lobe, continuing to the caudal lobe. The right pulmonary artery originates, respectively, branches to the cranial, medial, accessory and caudal lobes, and the left one originate, separately, ascendant and descendant branches to the cranial and caudal segments of left cranial lobe, and proceed to the caudal lobe. It can be concluded that pulmonary arteries follow the bronchi ramification characterizing the bronchoarterial anatomic-surgical segmentation.Esta pesquisa objetivou estudar as características anatômicas do pulmão da cutia, particularmente os aspectos relativos a lobação, distribuição dos ramos da artéria pulmonar e sua relação com os brônquios.Para tal utilizaram-se dez conjuntos coração-pulmão, dos quais oito tiveram a artéria pulmonar injetada com látex neoprene corado. Os conjuntos foram fixados em solução de formol a 10% e os ramos arteriais no parênquima pulmonar foram dissecados. Em dois pulmões injetou-se "vinil" corado nas artérias e estes foram submetidos à corrosão no ácido clorídrico a 30%. O pulmão da cutia é dividido externamente por fissuras bastante pronunciadas, separando os lobos pulmonares, tanto à direita quanto à esquerda. O pulmão direito apresenta quatro lobos: cranial, médio, caudal e acessório, e o esquerdo dois lobos: cranial e caudal, sendo o lobo cranial dividido em segmentos cranial e caudal. Do brônquio principal direito derivam os brônquios lobares cranial direito, médio, caudal direito e acessório. O brônquio principal esquerdo origina um pequeno tronco, que emite o brônquio lobar cranial, o qual se bifurca, fornecendo ramos para as porções cranial e caudal do lobo cranial esquerdo, e segue como brônquio lobar caudal esquerdo. A artéria pulmonar direita origina, respectivamente, ramos para os lobos cranial, médio, acessório e caudal, e a esquerda fornece, isoladamente, os ramos ascendente e descendente para os segmentos cranial e caudal do lobo cranial esquerdo, prosseguindo para o lobo caudal. Conclui-se que, no pulmão da cutia, as artérias pulmonares seguem as ramificações bronquiais, caracterizando a segmentação anátomo-cirúrgica broncoarterial

Estudo morfológico e morfométrico do ovário de cutias (Dasyprocta aguti, Linnaeus, 1766)

It were studied 24 ovaries belonging to 13 adult agoutis (in two copies it was just researched the left ovary), being 7 pregnant and 6 not pregnant, coming of the "Núcleo de Estudos e Preservação de Animais Silvestres", of the Federal University of Piauí. The organs were described in loco, measured, submitted to section and observed in Optical Microscope. The ovaries, ellipsoids, were located in the sub-lumbar area, flow to the kidneys, flat, with external surface evidencing small transparent areas and the margin mesovarian and lateral face coming covers for the mesossalpinge (ovaric bag). For the right ovary, was observed on the average: weight - 0,082g; length - 0,83cm; width - 0,49cm and thickness - 0,24cm; the left ovary: weight - 0,058g; length - 0,74cm; width - 0,45cm and thickness - 0,23cm. Histologically, this gonads were correspondents with the majority of the rodents sexually actives studies, showing epithelium of simple cubic coating, the outlying cortex and the central medulla (constituted basically by conjunctive slack tissue mixed with vases of blood). In the pregnant females it was counted two to three great central luteous bodies and many other smaller. In the not pregnant the luteous bodies was smaller and more numerous. The cortex is rich in cellular types of conjunctive nature and follicles in different phases of the maturation, which migration of the mesovarian margin for the tubaric extremity, as they increase of size. It was conclued that the ovaries of the agoutis, macro and microscopically, coming the pattern observed in the others rodents actives sexually.Foram estudados 24 ovários pertencentes a 13 cutias adultas (em dois exemplares pesquisou-se apenas o ovário esquerdo), sendo 7 gestantes e 6 não gestantes, provenientes do Núcleo de Estudos e Preservação de Animais Silvestres da Universidade Federal do Piauí. Os órgãos foram observados in loco para descrição de sua topografia, mensurados, submetidos a cortes histológicos e observados em Microscópio Óptico. Os ovários apresentam-se de forma elipsóide, achatados dorsoventralmente, situando-se na região sub-lombar, caudalmente aos rins, com pequenas áreas transparentes em sua superfície externa. A margem mesovárica e a face lateral estão cobertas pelo mesossalpinge (bolsa ovárica). O ovário direito, apresenta em média: peso - 0,082g; comprimento - 0,83cm; largura - 0,49cm e espessura - 0,24cm; o ovário esquerdo: peso - 0,058g; comprimento - 0,74cm; largura - 0,45cm e espessura - 0,23cm. Histologicamente, constam de epitélio de revestimento cúbico simples, córtex periférico e medula central, constituída basicamente por tecido conjuntivo frouxo entremeado por vasos sangüíneos. Nas fêmeas gestantes foram observados de dois a três grandes corpos lúteos centrais e muitos outros menores periféricos; nas não gestantes os corpos lúteos são menores e mais numerosos. O córtex é rico em tipos celulares de natureza conjuntiva e em folículos em diferentes estágios de amadurecimento, os quais migram da margem mesovárica para a extremidade tubárica à medida que aumentam de tamanho. Conclui-se que os ovários da cutia, macro e microscopicamente, seguem o padrão observado nos demais roedores sexualmente ativos

Distribuição intraparenquimal da artéria hepática em cutias (Dasyprocta sp, Rodentia)

The present study was design to investigate the hepatic arteries branches and your intraparenchymal distribution in agoutis. Were studied ten agouti's livers, female and male from our colony (Núcleo de Estudos de Preservação de Animais Silvestres do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Piauí - FUFPI/IBAMA 02/99). After injection with colored latex Neoprene 650 (DuPont do Brasil, Chemistry Industries), through the hepatic artery, eight livers were dissected through the visceral faces. The samples were fixed in 10% aqueous formaldehyde solution and after a minimum period of 48 hours. Two organs were injected with colored vinil acetate, following procedures of acid chloride corrosion in order to obtained vascular casts. The study shows that the agouti's hepatic arteries bifurcate into two principals branches, right and left (100%). In general, the right branches usually (80%) gave origin vessels that are responsible for the right medial, right lateral and caudate lobes's vascularization. The left branches normally (80%) give origin vessels that are responsible for the left medial, left lateral, quadrate lobes's vascularization, also to the caudate lobos (50%) and right lateral (20%). In this way, the vascular distribution of the hepatic artery is related to the organ's lobos; where the right and left branches have intraparenchymal distribution into the liver's lobos. This study gave support to the anatomic-surgery artery segmentation.Com o objetivo de analisar a ramificação da artéria hepática e sua distribuição intraparenquimal em cutias, foram utilizados dez fígados de cutias adultas, fêmeas e machas, cedidas pelo Núcleo de Estudos e Preservação de Animais Silvestres do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Piauí (Convênio FUFPI/IBAMA número 02/99). Oito fígados foram dissecados pela face visceral após injeção com látex do tipo Neoprene 650 (DuPont do Brasil Industrias Químicas) corado em vermelho, através da artéria hepática, e fixados em solução aquosa de formol a 10%, durante pelo menos 48 horas. Dois órgãos foram utilizados para a confecção dos moldes vasculares, através de injeção de solução de acetato de vinil corado em vermelho e corrosão em solução aquosa de ácido clorídrico a 30% até total destruição do parênquima. O estudo das peças mostrou que a artéria hepática na cutia divide-se em dois ramos principais, direito e esquerdo (100%). De forma geral, o ramo direito predominantemente (80%) origina vasos responsáveis pela vascularização dos lobos medial direito, lateral direito e caudado. O ramo esquerdo apresenta-se com maior freqüência (80%) constituindo um tronco comum aos vasos que se destinam aos lobos lateral esquerdo, medial esquerdo, quadrado, em 50%, também ao lobo caudado e em 20% ao lobo lateral direito. Sendo assim, conclui-se que a distribuição vascular da artéria hepática está relacionada à lobação do órgão, onde os ramos direito e esquerdo se distribuem no parênquima dos lobos do fígado, podendo-se inferir a presença de territórios com vascularização própria nos lobos hepáticos, caracterizando, portanto, a segmentação anátomo-cirúrgica arterial

Xenogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Formation of Hyaline Cartilage in Osteochondral Goat Failure

Background: Osteochondral knee failures are among the most common causes of disability among the elderly human population and animal athletes. The xenogeneic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells is a questionable therapeutic alternative that, despite the low expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex type II by these cells, still has relevantuncertainties about the safety and clinical efficacy. The main objective of the present study was to investigate whether the xenogeneic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells induces hyaline cartilage formation, without histopathological evidence of rejection, in osteochondralfailures of goats.Materials, Methods & Results: Five female goats were used, submitted to three surgical osteocondral failures in the right knee, treated with xenogenic mesenchymal stem cells of dental pulp, xenogenic platelet-rich plasma and hemostatic sponge of hydrolyzed collagen, respectively. The lesions were evaluated after 60 days of treatment, aiming to identify thepresence of hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage and the subchondral bone pattern (regenerated or disorganized). Transplantation of xenogenic mesenchymal stem cells induced predominant formation of hyaline cartilage (P 0.05). Macroscopically, the lesions of the stem cell treated group showed formation of firm repair tissue, opaque staining, integrated with adjacent cartilage and with the failure filling almost completely. The groups treated with PRP and hemostatic sponge of hydrolyzed collagen presented, on average, partial filling of the lesion, with irregular shape and darkened coloration.Discussion. The absence of macroscopic and histopathological evidences of an inflammatory process on the surface and in the internal portion of the osteochondral lesions treated with xenogeneic stem cells, probably due to the low expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex type II by these cells, which would theoretically induce low rejection response. Such observations are of great importance, since graft-versus- host disease syndrome is a serious condition, responsible for the low therapeutic efficacy with transplantation of cells or grafts in humans. The formation of fibrocartilage, although without macro and microscopic evidence of degeneration or necrosis, in the osteochondral failures treated with PRP and hemostatic collagen sponge suggest that paracrine factors of the local microenvironment of the osteochondral failure are possibly responsible for the formation of fibrocartilaginous tissue or by inhibition of normal cartilage formation. The fibrocartilage formed in the Plasmaand Control groups, contributed to the commitment in the filling of the lesion, contrasting with the almost complete fill of the lesions treated with stem cells. The xenotransplantation of mesenchymal stem cells induced formation of hyaline cartilage and did not promote histopathological evidence of rejection in osteochondral lesions of goat knees. The treatments with PRP and hemostatic sponge of hydrolyzed collagen induced greater formation of fibrocartilaginous cartilaginous surface in the osteochondral failures