The global network of WHO collaborating centres for nursing and midwifery development: a policy approach to health for all through nursing and midwifery excellence

Em resposta às complexidades dos serviços de saúde em um contexto de diferentes culturas, eventos mundiais, avanços tecnológicos médicos, desastres naturais e provocados pelo homem, a Organização Mundial da Saúde reconheceu a necessidade de contar com recursos externos para auxiliá-la na consecução de suas metas. Em consonância com as políticas da OMS que consideram que a pesquisa no campo da saúde avança na medida em que auxilia, coordena e utiliza as atividades das instituições já existentes, os Centros Colaboradores da OMS foram criados para apoiá-la em suas áreas de especialidade nos níveis local, nacional e internacional. Dos 1000 Centros Colaboradores existentes em todo o mundo, representando as diversas áreas da saúde, 36, em 19 países diferentes, dedicam-se à enfermagem e obstetrícia, nas áreas de educação, pesquisa e políticas. Esses 36 Centros congregam forças através da Rede Global de Centros Colaboradores da OMS para o Desenvolvimento da Enfermagem e Obstetrícia. Desde seu surgimento, em 1987, a Rede Global tem se tornado uma força significativa de liderança internacional. Sua esfera de influência, tecnologias de comunicação e habilidade no desenvolvimento de projetos colaborativos permitem que tenha um impacto representativo na saúde mundial.En respuesta a las complejidades de los servicios de salud en un contexto de diferentes culturas, eventos mundiales, avances tecnológicos médicos, desastres naturales y provocados por el hombre, la Organización Mundial de la Salud ha reconocido la necesidad de tener recursos externos para ayudar en la realización de sus metas. En consonancia con las políticas de la OMS que consideran que la investigación en el campo de la salud avanza en la medida que auxilia, coordina y utiliza las actividades de las instituciones ya existentes, los Centros Colaboradores de la OMS fueron creados para apoyar la OMS en sus áreas de especialidad en los niveles local, nacional e internacional. De los 1000 Centros Colaboradores existentes en todo el mundo, representando las diversas áreas de salud, 36, en 19 países diferentes, son dedicados a la enfermería y partería, en las áreas de educación, investigación y políticas. Los 36 Centros congregan fuerzas a través de la Red Global de Centros Colaboradores de la OMS para el Desarrollo de la Enfermería y Partería. Desde su creación, en 1987, la Red Global ha se tornado una fuerza significativa de liderazgo internacional. Su esfera de influencia, tecnologías de comunicación y habilidad en el desarrollo de proyectos colaborativos, permiten que tenga un impacto representativo en la salud mundial.In response to the complexities of health services delivery within the context of cultures, world events, medical technologies, and natural and manmade disasters, WHO recognized the need for external resources to assist it to meet its goals. In line with WHO's policy that research in the field of health is best advanced by assisting, coordinating and utilizing the activities of existing institutions, WHO Collaborating Centres were developed to support WHO with external expertise at the local, country and international levels. Of the 1,000 Collaborating Centres worldwide representing all the major health disciplines, 36, in 19 different countries, are dedicated to nursing and midwifery services, education, research and policy. These 36 Centres have joined forces as the Global Network of WHO Collaborating Centres for Nursing and Midwifery Development. Since its inception in 1987, the Global Network has developed into a significant force in international nursing leadership. Its far-reaching sphere of influence, its communications technology and its ability to develop collaborative projects, enable it to have a significant impact on the health of the people of the world

Computer programs for thermodynamic and transport properties of hydrogen

Computer program subroutines provide the thermodynamic and transport properties of hydrogen in tabular form. The programs provide 18 combinations of input and output variables. This program is written in FORTRAN 4 for use on the IBM 7044 or CDC 3600 computers

Uniform data system standardizes technical computations and the purchasing of commercially important gases

Integrated tables of pressure, volume, and temperature for the saturated liquid, from the triple point to the critical point of the gases, have been developed. Tables include definition of saturated liquid curve. Values are presented in metric and practical units. Advantages of the new tables are discussed

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) ≥2.5mU/l in early pregnancy: prevalence and subsequent outcomes

Objective: There remains controversy over how women with abnormal thyroid function tests in pregnancy should be classified. In this study we assessed the proportion of women with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) ≥ 2.5 mU/l in a large obstetric cohort, and examined how many have gone on to develop thyroid disease in the years since their pregnancy. Study design: 4643 women were recruited and samples taken in early pregnancy between 2007 and 2010. Thyroid function tests were analysed in 2014; in women with raised TSH computerised health records and prescription databases were used to identify thyroid disease detected since pregnancy. Results: 58 women (1.5%) had a TSH over 5 mU/l and 396 women (10.3%) had TSH between 2.5 and 5 mU/l. Women with TSH > 5mU/l delivered infants of lower birthweight than those with TSH < 2.5 mU/l; there were no other differences in obstetric outcomes between the groups. Of those who have had thyroid tests since their pregnancy, 78% of those with TSH > 5 mU/l and 19% of those with TSH between 2.5 and 5 mU/l have gone on to be diagnosed with thyroid disease. Conclusions: Using a TSH cut-off of 2.5 mU/l in keeping with European and US guidelines means that over 12% of women in this cohort would be classified as having subclinical hypothyroidism. Treatment and monitoring of these women would have major implications for planning of obstetric services

Thermodynamic properties of saturated liquid parahydrogen charted for important temperature range

Six entropy diagrams for parahydrogen in or near the saturated liquid state cover the temperature range from 29.16 degrees to 42.48 degrees R with pressures to 100 psia and mixtures of the liquid and vapor phases to 0.003 quality. The diagrams are printed in color, are 19 by 30 inches in size, and are suitable for wall mounting

A study of the effectiveness of a phonetic and activity approach to the teaching of spelling in grade four,

Includes appendices. Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universit

Trap induced broadening in a potential hydrogen lattice clock

We consider the potential use of optical traps for precision measurements in atomic hydrogen (H). Using an implicit summation method, we calculate the atomic polarisability, the rates of elastic/inelastic scattering and the ionisation rate in the wavelength range (395–1000) nm. We extend previous work to predict three new magic wavelengths for the 1S–2S transition. At the magic wavelengths, the 1S–2S transition is unavoidably and significantly broadened due to trap-induced ionisation associated with the high intensity required to trap the 1S state. However, we also find that this effect is partially mitigated by the low mass of H, which increases the trap frequency, enabling Lamb–Dicke confinement in shallow lattices. We find that a H optical lattice clock, free from the motional systematics which dominate in beam experiments, could operate with an intrinsic linewidth of the order of 1 kHz. Trap-induced losses are shown not to limit measurements of other transitions

HLA gene expression is altered in whole blood and placenta from women who later developed preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a multi-system disease that significantly contributes to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. In this study, we used a non-biased microarray approach to identify dysregulated genes in maternal whole blood samples which may be associated with the development of preeclampsia. Whole blood samples were obtained at 28 weeks of gestation from 5 women who later developed preeclampsia (cases) and 10 matched women with normotensive pregnancies (controls). Placenta samples were obtained from an independent cohort of 19 women with preeclampsia matched with 19 women with normotensive pregnancies. We studied gene expression profiles using Illumina microarray in blood and validated changes in gene expression in whole blood and placenta tissue by qPCR. We found a transcriptional profile differentiating cases from controls; 236 genes were significantly dysregulated in blood from women who developed preeclampsia. Functional annotation of microarray results indicated that most of the genes found to be dysregulated were involved in inflammatory pathways. Whilst general trends were preserved, only HLA-A was validated in whole blood samples from cases using qPCR (2.30 ± 0.9 fold change) whereas in placental tissue HLA-DRB1 expression was found to be significantly increased in samples from women with preeclampsia (5.88 ± 2.24 fold change). We have identified that HLA-A is up-regulated in the circulation of women who went on to develop preeclampsia. In placenta of women with preeclampsia we identified that HLA-DRB1 is up-regulated. Our data provide further evidence for involvement of the HLA gene family in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia

Neonatal mortality in NHS maternity units by timing and mode of birth: a retrospective linked cohort study

OBJECTIVES: To compare neonatal mortality in English hospitals by time of day and day of the week according to care pathway. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort linking birth registration, birth notification and hospital episode data. SETTING: National Health Service (NHS) hospitals in England. PARTICIPANTS: 6 054 536 liveborn singleton births from 2005 to 2014 in NHS maternity units in England. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Neonatal mortality. RESULTS: After adjustment for confounders, there was no significant difference in the odds of neonatal mortality attributed to asphyxia, anoxia or trauma outside of working hours compared with working hours for spontaneous births or instrumental births. Stratification of emergency caesareans by onset of labour showed no difference in mortality by birth timing for emergency caesareans with spontaneous or induced onset of labour. Higher odds of neonatal mortality attributed to asphyxia, anoxia or trauma out of hours for emergency caesareans without labour translated to a small absolute difference in mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS: The apparent 'weekend effect' may result from deaths among the relatively small numbers of babies who were coded as born by emergency caesarean section without labour outside normal working hours. Further research should investigate the potential contribution of care-seeking and community-based factors as well as the adequacy of staffing for managing these relatively unusual emergencies