Inclusion Polymerization and Doping in Zeolite Channels. Polyaniline

Aniline has been polymerized in the three-dimensional channel system of zeolite Y. The monomer was diffused into zeolites with different levels of acidity from hexane solution. Subsequent admission of peroxydisulfate or iodate from aqueous solution yielded the intrazeolite polymers, as demonstrated by FT-IR, electronic absorption data and recovery of the included polymer. With S2O82-, the intrazeolite products are a function of the proton content of the zeolite. Polymer is only formed when a sufficient supply of protons is present in the zeolite host. When neutral iodate solution is used, no polymer is formed in NaY and acid zeolites, but at low pH aniline polymerizes in all zeolites. The open pore system of the zeolite host can be accessed by base such that the intrazeolite protonated polymer is transformed into the corresponding neutral polymer. The polymer chains encapsulated in zeolite hosts represent a new class of low- dimensional electronic materials

Systems validation: application to statistical programs

BACKGROUND: In 2003, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a guidance document on the scope of "Part 11" enforcement. In this guidance document, the FDA indicates an expectation of a risk-based approach to determining which systems should undergo validation. Since statistical programs manage and manipulate raw data, their implementation should be critically reviewed to determine whether or not they should undergo validation. However, the concepts of validation are not often discussed in biostatistics curriculum. DISCUSSION: This paper summarizes a "Plan, Do, Say" approach to validation that can be incorporated into statistical training so that biostatisticians can understand and implement validation principles in their research. SUMMARY: Validation is a process that requires dedicated attention. The process of validation can be easily understood in the context of the scientific method

Investigation of ground effects on large and small scale models of a three fan V/STOL aircraft configuration

Induced lift of a subsonic, three fan, lift/cruise, V/STOL aircraft configuration was investigated using scale modes of a multimission aircraft whose design incorporates a nose mounted lift fan and two lift/cruise units located over the wing. Configuration effects were assessed for lift improvement devices, lift/cruise nozzle rails, nozzle perimeter plates, and alternate nose fan exit hubs. Tests were conducted at four model heights (H/D = 0.95, 1.53, 3.06 and 6.45, where D is the average nozzle exit diameter equal to 0.997 m.) Results are presented and discussed

KIC 2856960: the impossible triple star

KIC 2856960 is a star in the Kepler field which was observed by Kepler for 4 years. It shows the primary and secondary eclipses of a close binary of 0.258d as well as complex dipping events that last for about 1.5d at a time and recur on a 204d period. The dips are thought to result when the close binary passes across the face of a third star. In this paper we present an attempt to model the dips. Despite the apparent simplicity of the system and strenuous efforts to find a solution, we find that we cannot match the dips with a triple star while satisfying Kepler's laws. The problem is that to match the dips the separation of the close binary has to be larger than possible relative to the outer orbit given the orbital periods. Quadruple star models can get round this problem but require the addition of a so-far undetected intermediate period of order 5 -- 20d that has be a near-perfect integer divisor of the outer 204d period. Although we have no good explanation for KIC 2856960, using the full set of Kepler data we are able to update several of its parameters. We also present a spectrum showing that KIC 2856960 is dominated by light from a K3- or K4-type star.Comment: 11 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS August 21, 201

Three approaches to the classification of inland wetlands

In the Dismal Swamp project, seasonal, color-infrared aerial photographs and LANDSAT digital data were interpreted for a detailed analysis of the vegetative communities in a large, highly altered wetland. In Western Tennessee, seasonal high altitude color-infrared aerial photographs provided the hydrologic and vegetative information needed to map inland wetlands, using a classification system developed for the Tennessee Valley Region. In Florida, color-infrared aerial photographs were analyzed to produce wetland maps using three existing classification systems to evaluate the information content and mappability of each system. The methods used in each of the three projects can be extended or modified for use in the mapping of inland wetlands in other parts of the United States

Impacts of harmonic distortion from charging electric vehicles on low voltage networks

Paper focusing on the impacts of harmonic distortion from charging electric vehicles on low voltage networks

The Relativistically Spinning Charged Sphere

When the equatorial spin velocity, $v$, of a charged conducting sphere approaches $c$, the Lorentz force causes a remarkable rearrangement of the total charge $q$. Charge of that sign is confined to a narrow equatorial belt at latitudes $b \leqslant \sqrt{3} (1 - v^2/c^2)^{{1/2}}$ while charge of the opposite sign occupies most of the sphere's surface. The change in field structure is shown to be a growing contribution of the `magic' electromagnetic field of the charged Kerr-Newman black hole with Newton's G set to zero. The total charge within the narrow equatorial belt grows as $(1-v^2/c^2)^{-{1/4}}$ and tends to infinity as $v$ approaches $c$. The electromagnetic field, Poynting vector, field angular momentum and field energy are calculated for these configurations. Gyromagnetic ratio, g-factor and electromagnetic mass are illustrated in terms of a 19th Century electron model. Classical models with no spin had the small classical electron radius $e^2/mc^2\sim$ a hundredth of the Compton wavelength, but models with spin take that larger size but are so relativistically concentrated to the equator that most of their mass is electromagnetic. The method of images at inverse points of the sphere is shown to extend to charges at points with imaginary co-ordinates.Comment: 15 pages, 1figur

B-R Colors of Globular Clusters in NGC 6166 (A2199)

We have analysed new R-band photometry of globular clusters in NGC 6166, the cD galaxy in the cooling flow cluster A2199. In combination with the earlier B photometry of Pritchet \& Harris (1990), we obtain B$-$R colours for $\sim$ 40 globular clusters in NGC 6166. The mean B$-$R is 1.26 $\pm$ 0.11, corresponding to a mean [Fe/H] = $-$1 $\pm$ 0.4. Given that NGC 6166 is one of the most luminous cD galaxies studied to date, our result implies significant scatter in the relationship between mean cluster [Fe/H] and parent galaxy luminosity. We obtain a globular cluster specific frequency of S$_N$ $\sim$ 9, with a possible range between 5 and 18. This value is inconsistent with the value of S$_N$ $\leq$ 4 determined earlier by Pritchet \& Harris (1990) from B-band photometry, and we discuss possible reasons for the discrepancy. Finally, we reassess whether or not cooling flows are an important mechanism for forming globular clusters in gE/cD galaxies.Comment: 8 pages, uuencoded, gzipped tar file with latex file, 6 figures (Fig 1 omitted because of size), and mn.sty file. Figures will be embedded into the postscript file. Accepted (March 1996) for publication in MNRA

The Mauna Kea Observatories Near-Infrared Filter Set. I: Defining Optimal 1-5 μ\mum Bandpasses

A new MKO-NIR infrared filter set is described, including techniques and considerations given to designing a new set of bandpasses that are useful at both mid- and high-altitude sites. These filters offer improved photometric linearity and in many cases reduced background, as well as preserve good throughput within the JHKLM atmospheric windows. MKO-NIR filters have already been deployed with a number of instruments around the world as part of a filter consortium purchase to reduce the unit cost of filters. Through this effort we hope to establish, for the first time, a single standard set of infrared fitlers at as many observatories as possible.Comment: PASP, in press; 32 pages, 11 figures, 3 Table