Professor Dworkin\u27s Views on Legal Positivism

This article was delivered on March 15 & 16, 1979, at the Indiana University School of Law, Bloomington, as a part of the Addison C. Harris lecture series

The Need of Education in Respect for Animals (ERA) as a Subject of the Social Education Degree at the University: An Overview Focused on Spain

Purpose: This article highlights serious educational gaps related with the respect for animals. We propose to include a new independent subject, named Education in Respect for Animals (ERA), within the curriculum of the Social Education Degree at the university level.Method: This study is based on previous educative experiences and a review of various innovative initiatives. This article is a part of critical pedagogy, aiming to contribute to the social education curriculum. It incorporates the need for a post-humanist education in the way that Haraway named ‘posthumanist landscapes’, i.e., an inclusive education for this more-than-human world (Taylor, 2013).Findings: The first part of this article reviews the theories of authors who have contributed to this area. Nonetheless the direction of this article is not to be framed in moral philosophy but a curriculum theory. Next we will contextualize and analyse the case of ERA in the Spanish educational system, concluding with proposals applied to social nets, university communities and open to educators and especially feedback from social education.

Investigations of aerosol impacts on hurricanes: virtual seeding flights

This paper examines the feasibility of mitigating the intensity of hurricanes by enhancing the CCN concentrations in the outer rainband region. Increasing CCN concentrations would cause a reduced collision and coalescence, resulting in more supercooled liquid water to be transported aloft which then freezes and enhances convection via enhanced latent heat of freezing. The intensified convection would condense more water ultimately enhancing precipitation in the outer rainbands. Enhanced evaporative cooling from the increased precipitation in the outer rainbands would produce stronger and more widespread areal cold pools which block the flow of energy into the storm core, ultimately inhibiting the intensification of the tropical cyclone. <br></br> We designed a series of multi-grid for which the time of the "virtual flights" as well as the aerosol release rates are varied. A code that simulates the flight of a plane is used to increase the CCN concentrations as an aircraft flies. Results show a significant sensitivity to both the seeding time and the aerosol release rates and support the aforementioned hypothesis

Restauraciones antiguas: enfoque estructural numérico para la identificación y reinterpretación de la secuencia constructiva del Medracen

[EN] This paper addresses the importance of a structural approach for identifying and interpreting building chronology, as well as for the establishment of historical stratigraphy. Through structural analyses, carried out on the oldest extant royal mausoleum in North Africa, the Medracen (4th-3rd century BC), located in eastern Algeria, it has been possible to identify building sequences and structural characteristics; a reinterpretation of its constructive sequence within a specific historical context was also suggested. A static linear Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis was performed on a simplified 3D model conceived with solid elements to assess the structural behaviour of the structure under the effect of its self-weight and to identify, consequently, its construction sequence. The equilibrium approach was effective in identifying the structure s geometry. Results show that Medracen s ancient restoration was a strengthening intervention strategy and had a symbolic aim related to the function of the funerary building. Restoration works, consisting of repairing specific parts of the building and adding an external cladding, as a whole architectural entity, contributed to reducing the effect of tensile stress, therefore, stabilizing the inner core. Besides, this same action was a means for the Numidian elite to transform an ancient monumental burial (sepulchrum) into a monument (monumentum) with cultural significance likely to convey socio-political messages relating to power and sovereignty. Therefore, we can speak of an evolutionary restoration that reflects the ambitions of the Numidian elite to become part of the Mediterranean orbit.[ES] Este artículo aborda la importancia del análisis estructural para la identificación e interpretación de la cronología de la construcción y el establecimiento de una estratigrafía histórica. A través de un análisis estructural, realizado sobre el mausoleo real más antiguo que se conserva en Argelia en el norte de África, el Medracen (siglos IV-III a.C.) localizado en su parte oriental, se han podido identificar algunas secuencias constructivas y características estructurales con el objetivo de sugerir una reinterpretación de su cronología constructiva enmarcada en un contexto histórico específico. Se realizó un análisis estático lineal por elementos finitos sobre un modelo 3D simplificado, concebido con elementos sólidos, para evaluar el comportamiento estructural del monumento bajo el efecto de su peso propio e identificar, en consecuencia, su secuencia constructiva. Por otro lado, el enfoque del equilibrio del conjunto fue eficaz para identificar la geometría de la estructura. Los resultados muestran que la antigua restauración de Medracen tuvo como meta una intervención de refuerzo y un objetivo simbólico relacionado con la función del edificio funerario. La restauración, consistente en la reparación de partes específicas del edificio y la adición de un paramento exterior, como entidad arquitectónica de pleno derecho, contribuyó a reducir el efecto de las tensiones de tracción, estabilizando así el núcleo interno. Además, esta misma acción fue un medio para que la élite Númida transformase un antiguo sepulcro (sepulchrum) en un monumento (monumentum) con significado cultural capaz de transmitir mensajes sociopolíticos relacionados con el poder y la soberanía. Por lo tanto, se puede hablar de una "restauración evolutiva" que refleja las ambiciones de la élite númida de integrarse en la órbita mediterránea.Amokrane, L.; Kassab, T.; Monjo-Carrio, J. (2022). Ancient restorations: computer-based structural approach for the identification and reinterpretation of the Medracen's constructive sequence. Virtual Archaeology Review. 13(27):33-48. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2022.17394OJS3348132

Image of Love and its Different Implications in Sylvia Plath's Selected Poems

Sylvia Plath as a confessional poet is considered a representation of American femininity. She was a substantial poet who used diverse images, terms, and symbols in order to express her feelings and concerns. This study seeks to analyze the role of love in her poetry and how it helped her deliver her feminist desires and attain freedom. What makes this research new is that Plath's life which looked like a mystery has been highly appealing to her readers and other researchers. Hence, the current study may be regarded as a positive step toward a better appreciation of her life and career. It is ultimately found that Plath's use of love in her poetry is rooted in her relationship with such men as her husband. Due to this relationship, Plath had a puzzling viewpoint regarding love which seemed to be simultaneously redeemable and destructive