El mercado internacional de tejidos de algodón en 1913 y la industria española

Los novísimos en la Historia Económica de España. Edición a cargo de Francisco Comín y Blanca Sánchez AlonsoEditada en la Fundación Empresa PúblicaLa escasa orientación exportadora de la industria algodonera española ha sido objeto de un amplio debate en la historia económica. Las aportaciones de los distintos autores a este debate se han centrado fundamentalmente en análisis de las características propias de la economía española. Mi propuesta consiste en enfocar el debate desde la perspectiva de las nuevas teorías del comercio internacional. Bajo este enfoque teórico, se plantea la existencia de competencia imperfecta en los mercados de tejidos de algodón en el período anterior a la Primera Guerra Mundial. Los modelos de competencia imperfecta pretenden ponderar econométricamente variables tales como la dependencia histórica, las influencias geográficas, el mercado interior y las estrategas de diferenciación de producto y segmentación de los mercados. La adopción de un enfoque comparativo a escala internacional permite sugenr alpinas claves interpretativas para explicar la escasa relevancia exportadora de la industna algodonera española.There are many studies about the export failure of the Spanish cotton industry, but they are mainly focused on specific features of the Spanish economy. This article apples new trade theories to this topic. Taking into account this theoretical framework, the main hypothesis is the unperfect competition of International cotton textile markets in 1913. The econometric model employed in this paper measures the influence of variables such as histoncal and geographical dependencies, home market effect and product differentiation strategies. This International approach shows new explanations to the lack of an export orientation of the Spanish cotton industry.Publicad

The international textile trade in 1913: the role of intra-European flows

This article analyses the textile trade using an international, multilateral and multifibre approach. Its main contribution is to present new data on international textile trade in 1913, which reveals how, within European countries, there was a clear dominance of German exports, followed closely by those from France and Britain. The scenario that emerges is quite different to that obtained from an analysis of intercontinental trade, where British hegemony was still very evident in 1913. The fact that, when looking only at the intra-European textile trade, Britain lags behind Germany and is almost on par with France, indicates that we are dealing with very different markets to those emerging on aggregate data, in which analysis can be reduced to a single country

Manuel Llorca-Jaña (2012), The British Textile Trade in South America in the Nineteenth Century, Cambridge University Press, Nueva York, 380 pp.

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The British Textile Trade in South America in the Nineteenth Century [Ressenya de llibre]

Ressenya de: Manuel Llorca-Jaña (2012), The British Textile Trade in South America in the Nineteenth Century, Cambridge University Press, Nueva York, 380 pp

The international textile trade in 1913: the role of intra-European flows

This article analyses the textile trade using an international, multilateral and multifibre approach. Its main contribution is to present new data on international textile trade in 1913, which reveals how, within European countries, there was a clear dominance of German exports, followed closely by those from France and Britain. The scenario that emerges is quite different to that obtained from an analysis of intercontinental trade, where British hegemony was still very evident in 1913. The fact that, when looking only at the intra-European textile trade, Britain lags behind Germany and is almost on par with France, indicates that we are dealing with very different markets to those emerging on aggregate data, in which analysis can be reduced to a single country

Geographical deviations in foreign trade statistics: A study into European trade with Latin American Countries, 1925

We have analyzed the spatial accuracy of European foreign trade statistics compared to Latin American. We have also included USA’s data because of the importance of this country in Latin American trade. We have developed a method for mapping discrepancies between exporters and importers, trying to isolate systematic spatial deviations. Although our results don’t allow a unique explanation, they present some interesting clues to the distribution channels in the Latin American Continent as well as some spatial deviations for statistics in individual countries. Connecting our results with the literature specialized in the accuracy of foreign trade statistics; we can revisit Morgernstern (1963) as well as Federico and Tena (1991). Morgernstern had had a really pessimistic view on the reliability of this statistic source, but his main alert was focused on the trade balances, not in gross export or import values. Federico and Tena (1991) have demonstrated how accuracy increases by aggregation, geographical and of product at the same time. But they still have a pessimistic view with relation to distribution questions, remarking that perhaps it will be more accurate to use import sources in this latest case. We have stated that the data set coming from foreign trade statistics for a sample in 1925, being it exporters or importers, it’s a valuable tool for geography of trade patterns, although in some specific cases it needs some spatial adjustments.Economic geography, statistical accuracy, foreign trade statistics

La fiabilidad de la asignación geográfica en las estadísticas de comercio exterior: América Latina y el Caribe

The statistical accuracy of Historical Foreign Trade Sources has been stated by Federico and Tena (1991) and Tena (1985, 19991 y 1992). This article follows his works in the most suspect field: geographical distribution. We have use Latin American Coal Trade Data among 1908-1930. Most international trade, considering weight, was coal trade; meanwhile it is an ideal product to isolate geographical effects. Statistical disagreements persistence makes us to think this is not a random phenomenon. We have specified an econometric model based on distance. Results show that including geography we can understand statistical disagreements. As a consequence Latin American Sources appear reasonably accurate, considering its geographical pattern.La fiabilidad de las estadísticas de comercio exterior a nivel agregado fue analizada detalladamente por Federico y Tena (1991) y Tena (1985, 19991 y 1992). Este artículo sigue el trabajo de estos autores, adentrándose en el ámbito más problemático de la distribución geográfica. Para ello se han usado los datos del comercio de carbón de América Latina y el Caribe entre 1908 y 1930. Por un lado, el carbón resulta un buen representante del comercio internacional, en términos de peso, y por otro lado, precisamente por su peso, se trata de un producto que permite aislar los posibles efectos geográficos en el registro estadístico. La persistencia temporal, tanto del signo como de la magnitud, de las discrepancias estadísticas entre socios comerciales lleva a plantear un modelo econométrico que introduce la distancia como explicación de tales diferencias. Los resultados de la estimación ponen de manifiesto la aceptable calidad de las estadísticas latinoamericanas, en volúmenes, una vez considerados los patrones geográficos de la distribución comercial.Publicad

The First World War and Coal Trade Geography in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1890-1930

This paper aims to illustrate the dynamics of coal trade between Latin America and its main trade partners, i.e., the USA, Great Britain, and Germany, before and after the enormous disruption caused by the First World War. The coal trade was used as an indicator of modernization for Latin American countries, given that oil was at that time of secondary importance. Energy imports have determined the possibilities of each Latin American country in its process of development. Here, we address this question and place special emphasis on supply channels, concluding that the trade link with main suppliers was of key significance. Although this was very clear by the end of the period, the process had started well before the First World War, at least for the majority of LA&C countries. These points are developed through a gravity model applied to the bilateral coal trade. The importance of the market supplier share is addressed through cluster methodologies