19 research outputs found
ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America
Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ
Ecological study and risk mapping of leishmaniasis in an endemic area of Brazil based on a geographical information systems approach
Visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease highly influenced by eco-epidemiological factors. Geographical
information systems (GIS) have proved to be a suitable approach for the analysis of environmental components that affect
the spatial distribution of diseases. Exploiting this methodology, a model was developed for the mapping of the distribution
and incidence of canine leishmaniasis in an endemic area of Brazil. Local variations were observed with respect to infection
incidence and distribution of serological titers, i.e. high titers were noted close to areas with preserved vegetation, while low
titers were more frequent in areas where people kept chickens. Based on these results, we conclude that the environment
plays an important role in generating relatively protected areas within larger endemic regions, but that it can also contribute
to the creation of hotspots with clusters of comparatively high serological titers indicating a high level of transmission compared
with neighbouring area
Histopathological study of experimental and natural infections by Trypanosoma cruzi in Didelphis marsupialis
Didelphis marsupialis, the most important sylvatic reservoir of
Trypanosoma cruzi, can also maintain in their anal scent glands the
multiplicative forms only described in the intestinal tract of
triatomine bugs. A study of 21 experimentally and 10 naturally infected
opossums with T. cruzi was undertaken in order to establish the
histopathological pattern under different conditions. Our results
showed that the inflammation was predominantly lymphomacrophagic and
more severe in the naturally infected animals but never as intense as
those described in Chagas' disease or in other animal models. The
parasitism in both groups was always mild with very scarce amastigote
nests in the tissues. In the experimentally infected animals, the
inflammation was directly related to the presence of amastigotes nests.
Four 24 days-old animals, still in embryonic stage, showed multiple
amastigotes nests and moderate inflammatory reactions, but even so they
survived longer and presented less severe lesions than experimentally
infected adult mice. Parasites were found in smooth, cardiac and/or
predominantly striated muscles, as well as in nerve cells. Differing
from the experimentally infected opossums parasitism in the naturally
infected animals predominated in the heart, esophagus and stomach.
Parasitism of the scent glands did not affect the histopathological
pattern observed in extraglandular tissues
Lutzomyia longipalpis Breeding—A Probable Breeding Substrate for Lutzomyia longipalpis in Nature
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Previous issue date: 2018Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.The identifying of the preferred breeding sites of sand fly immature forms is quite important to the understanding of the vector’s biology and the development of more effective control strategies for leishmaniasis. In the present study, it was analyzed experimentally; the potential of dog feces of serving as breeding substrate to Lutzomyia longipalpis . Two situations were tested: 1) the life cycle of the insects from larvae to adults, 2) the whole cycle from adults to adults. Our results demonstrated for the first time that: 1) L. long ipalpis can be easily bred in dog feces, suggesting that it could represent a potential raising substrate to immature forms for this species; 2) L. longipalpis
larvae are able to make galleries on a substrate, literally burying themselves in this to function also as a shelter; 3) from the previous information that dogs infected with Ancylostoma caninum can present dodecanoic acid in their feces, we suggested that this substrate may be particularly more attractive to L. longipalpis females seen that this molecule is the same component of their oviposition pheromone, which is produced by the accessory glands and secreted onto the eggs; 4) after the copulation the males may landing on the substrate and continued beating the wings intermittently until the death in a similar behavior also noticed in other situations associated to kairomones response or pheromone production. Therefore, we suggested that it is very likely that dog excrements could serve as an important breeding substrate for L. longipalpis in endemic areas of visceral leishmaniasis in the New World
Haementeria lutzi Pinto, 1920 (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae) as a putative Vector of Trypanosoma evansi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in the Pantanal Matogrossense (MS, Brazil)
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Previous issue date: 2013Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas e Peptídeos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.In the present study, it was shown under experimental conditions that Trypanosoma evansi could be mechanically
transmitted to Rattus norvegicus by leeches (Haementeria lutzi). Additionally, we also described some aspects related
to the behavior of the Trypanosoma evansi in the leeches after an infective blood feeding, as follows: a) 10 minutes
after the parasites were ingested; they promptly progressed to the coelomic cavity. b) Approximately, from 10 to 30
minutes inside the gut, rounded and dividing forms together with stumpy and slender trypomastigotes showed a random
dispersion. c) 24 hours after, the trypanosomes also invaded both, the salivary glands as well as the proboscis cells. Our
results suggest that leeches of the species Haementeria lutzi could have some role as a probable alternative vector of
Trypanosoma evansi at wetlands in Brazil