Chemical characterization and enological potential of less frequent red grape Uruguayan varieties by study secondary metabolites

Study of secondary grape metabolites, such as polyphenol compounds (anthocyanins, flavonols, flavan-3-ols), volatile compounds present in grapes in both free and glycoside forms (monoterpenols, norisoprenoids, benzenoids), allowed us to characterize grape varieties and to suggest the best winemaking practices to maximize their enological potential. The Vitis viníferas studied in the present work are less frequent red grape varieties cultivated in small vineyards in southern Uruguay (Montevideo and Canelones Provinces): Ancellota, Aspiran Bouschet (syn. Lacryma Christi), Marselan (Grenache × Cabernet Sauvignon), Arinarnoa (Tannat × Cabernet Sauvignon), Egiodola (Abouriou × Tinta Negra Mole) and Caladoc (Malbec × Grenache)

Technical nuances of commonly used vascularised flaps for skull base reconstruction

Background and Methods: Reconstruction with a vascularised flap provides the most reliable outcome, with postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak rates of less than 5 per cent. This article aims to review and summarise the critical technical aspects of the vascularised flaps most commonly used for skull base reconstruction. Results: Vascularised flaps are classified as intranasal or extranasal. The intranasal group includes the Hadad–Bassagaisteguy nasoseptal flap, the Caicedo reverse nasoseptal flap, the nasoseptal rescue flap, the posteriorly or anteriorly based lateral wall flaps, and the middle turbinate flap. Extranasal flaps include the transfrontal pericranial and transpterygoid temporoparietal flaps. Conclusion: The Hadad–Bassagaisteguy nasoseptal flap is overwhelmingly favoured for reconstructing extensive defects of anterior, middle and posterior cranial base. Its pertinent technical features are described. However, it is essential to master the skills required for the various extranasal or regional vascularised flaps because each can offer a reconstructive alternative for specific patients, especially when open approaches are needed and/or intranasal vascularised flaps are not feasible

ICAR: endoscopic skull‐base surgery

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Role of Prophylactic Antibiotics in Uncontaminated Neck Dissections

The use of perioperative prophylactic antibiotics in uncontaminated head and neck surgery remains controversial. We performed a retrospective analysis of 192 patients undergoing uncontaminated neck dissections from 1976 to 1989. Wound infection developed in 10% (10/99) of patients who did not receive antibiotics, while only three (3.3%) of 93 patients who received antibiotics developed infections. This difference was not statistically significant. We correlated the use of flaps, length of surgery, prior radiation treatment, and postoperative complications with rate of wound infection. The difference was not statistically significant for any of these variables. Our β error was, however, greater than 0.2. Our data do not demonstrate efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in uncontaminated neck dissections with statistical significance; however, a trend exists suggesting its possible value. © 1991, American Medical Association. All rights reserved

Chemical characterization and enological potential of less frequent red grape Uruguayan varieties by study secondary metabolites

Study of secondary grape metabolites, such as polyphenol compounds (anthocyanins, flavonols, flavan-3-ols), volatile compounds present in grapes in both free and glycoside forms (monoterpenols, norisoprenoids, benzenoids), allowed us to characterize grape varieties and to suggest the best winemaking practices to maximize their enological potential. The Vitis viníferas studied in the present work are less frequent red grape varieties cultivated in small vineyards in southern Uruguay (Montevideo and Canelones Provinces): Ancellota, Aspiran Bouschet (syn. Lacryma Christi), Marselan (Grenache × Cabernet Sauvignon), Arinarnoa (Tannat × Cabernet Sauvignon), Egiodola (Abouriou × Tinta Negra Mole) and Caladoc (Malbec × Grenache)