Las redes de coexpresión de genes brindan información más profunda sobre la acumulación de sacarosa en los cultivares de caña de azúcar

Descargue el texto completo en el repositorio institucional de la Universidade Estadual de Campinas: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12733/3084La caña de azúcar es el cultivo más importante para la producción de azúcar y etanol de primera generación, siendo la sacarosa obtenida de esta planta un alimento económico fundamental y recurso a nivel mundial. Este fotoasimilado, resultado de la fotosíntesis, es transportado a través del floema desde los órganos fuente hasta los sumideros para ser almacenados en el parénquima del tallos. Aquí, construimos una red de coexpresión global utilizando datos de RNA-Seq de diferentes genotipos y tejidos de caña de azúcar. Además, se diseñó una red de coexpresión génica ponderada, módulos modelados y potencialmente funcionales fueron identificados a través de un completo enfoque jerárquico de agrupamiento. Dentro de la estructura de la red, pudimos identificar 153 grupos diferentes, los cuales fueron contrastados con los genes diferencialmente expresados identificados. A través de análisis de enriquecimiento y anotaciones de genes, pudimos establecer un total de 1.484 genes relacionados con metabolismo de la sacarosa correspondiente a 6 módulos de red diferentes. Este grupo cohesivo presentó interacciones genéticas relevantes con importantes procesos biológicos, incluida la respuesta a estrés, proceso metabólico de carbohidratos, proceso metabólico celular de carbohidratos, pared celular organización, proceso metabólico de polisacáridos celulares y respuesta a estímulos, lo que representa una importante fuente de datos para comprender la dinámica de las actividades genéticas sobre la acumulación de azúcar. A través de estrategias de redes biológicas, nuestros hallazgos muestran el potencial de las redes de coexpresión para desentrañar nuevos objetivos prometedores para estudios adicionales sobre metabolismo de la sacarosa de la caña de azúcar y mejoramiento molecular.A cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) É a cultura mais importante para a produção de açúcar e etanol de primeira geração, sendo uma das melhores opções para a geração de bioenergia. Os cultivares modernos de cana-de-açúcar são altamente poliplóides e heterozigotos, apresentando vários alelos diferentes em cada loco, e esse alto nível de complexidade genética cria desafios durante os programas de melhoramento convencional e molecular. Reconhecendo a dificuldade de melhorar o teor de sacarose por meios convencionais, recursos substanciais têm sido direcionados para a compreensão das bases fisiológicas, celulares, bioquímicas e moleculares da produção e do acúmulo de açúcar na cana-de-açúcar. O processo de acúmulo de sacarose é descrito como regulado por uma rede de genes modulados durante a maturação do colmo. Nesse contexto, os experimentos de RNA-Seq representam uma poderosa ferramenta para estudos de expressão gênica, permitindo a obtenção do perfil do transcriptoma e sendo um ponto de partida para a identificação de novos e / ou raros transcritos. Usando este tipo de dados, redes de coexpressão de genes podem ser construídas e auxiliar na identificação de genes com padrões de expressão semelhantes biologicamente relevantes para um fenótipo específico. Este projeto teve como objetivo modelar redes de coexpressão para diferentes tipos de cana-de-açúcar. variedades e tecidos para melhor compreensão da interação gênica envolvida no metabolismo da sacarose da cana-de-açúcar. Usamos uma rede de coexpressão global modelada com dados de RNA-Seq de dezenove genótipos de cana-de-açúcar e três tecidos diferentes (raízes, folhas e colmos). Além disso, uma rede ponderada de coexpressão de genes foi modelada e módulos potencialmente funcionais foram identificados por meio de uma abordagem de agrupamento hierárquico completo. Dentro da estrutura da rede, pudemos identificar 153 grupos diferentes, que foram contrastados com os genes diferencialmente expressos identificados. Por meio de análises de enriquecimento, pudemos estabelecer um total de 1.484 genes relacionados ao metabolismo da sacarose correspondendo a quatro módulos de rede diferentes. Além do metabolismo do amido e da sacarose, as vias do metabolismo da frutose e da manose também foram enriquecidas para este grupo de genes e dois módulos de rede adicionais foram selecionados. Esse grupo coeso apresentou interações gênicas relevantes avaliadas por meio de categorias da Ontologia Genética, como resposta ao estresse; processo metabólico de carboidratos; processo metabólico de carboidratos celulares; organização da parede celular; processo metabólico de polissacarídeo celular; resposta a estímulos e processo metabólico de polissacarídeos, representando uma importante fonte de dados para o entendimento da dinâmica das atividades genéticas no acúmulo de açúcares. Além disso, realizamos análises de DGE dentro dos seis módulos finais selecionados, mostrando 105 genes regulados positivamente em genótipos com maior teor de sacarose e 78 genes regulados negativamente, englobando diferentes perfis funcionais avaliados por meio das enzimas associadas. Por fim, para acessar as especificidades funcionais das redes de Saccharum spontaneum, Saccharum officinarum e a cultivar híbrida SP80-3280, realizamos análises de inferências biológicas para hub e conexões comuns entre esses três genótipos. Nossos resultados mostraram o potencial de reunir um grande número de transcritos com expressão diferencial significativa nas categorias de sacarose e auxiliar na compreensão da dinâmica das atividades metabólicas e genéticas em escala global no metabolismo da sacarose na cana-de-açúcar.Brasil. Ministério da Educação. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes). Finance Code 001. Beca Programa de Excelência Acadêmica (Proex). 88887.479604/2020-0

Dual-Purpose Materials Based on Carbon Xerogel Microspheres (CXMs) for Delayed Release of Cannabidiol (CBD) and Subsequent Aflatoxin Removal

The main objective of this study is to develop a novel dual-purpose material based on carbon xerogel microspheres (CXMs) that permits the delayed release of cannabidiol (CBD) and the removal of aflatoxin. The CXMs were prepared by the sol-gel method and functionalized with phosphoric acid (CXMP) and melamine (CXMN). The support and the modified materials were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM),N2 adsorption at -196 C, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and zeta potential. For the loading of the cannabidiol (CBD) in the porous samples, batch–mode adsorption experiments at 25 C were performed, varying the concentration of CBD. The desorption kinetics was performed at two conditions for simulating the gastric (pH of 2.1) and intestinal (pH of 7.4) conditions at 37 C based on in vitro CBD release. Posteriorly, the samples obtained after desorption were used to study aflatoxin removal, which was evaluated through adsorption experiments at pH = 7.4 and 37 C. The adsorption isotherms of CBD showed a type I(b) behavior, with the adsorbed uptake being higher for the support than for the modified materials with P and N. Meanwhile, the desorption kinetics of CBD at gastric conditions indicated release values lower than 8%, and the remaining amount was desorbed at pH = 7.4 in three hours until reaching 100% based on the in vitro experiments. The results for aflatoxin showed total removal in less than 30 min for all the materials evaluated. This study opens a broader landscape in which to develop dual-purpose materials for the delayed release of CBD, improving its bioavailability and allowing aflatoxin removal in gastric conditions.The authors thank Colciencias for financing the doctoral studies of Karol Zapata Acosta through the announcement 617/2014. The authors also thank Colciencias and the Agencia Nacional de Hidrocarburos (ANH) for the support provided in Agreement 064-201

Evaluation of the Environmental Performance of Adsorbent Materials Prepared from Agave Bagasse for Water Remediation: Solid Waste Management Proposal of the Tequila Industry

In the present research work, the use of agro-industrial waste such as agave bagasse from the tequila industry was carried out. The agave bagasse was treated to obtain biosorbent and hydrochar materials. Direct Blue 86 was used as an adsorbate model to evaluate the performance of both materials. The adsorption studies showed an adsorption capacity of 6.49 mg g(-1) in static and 17.7 mg g(-1) in dynamic, associated with a physisorption process between functional groups of the material and the dye. The characterization of the biosorbent showed that the material was mainly composed of macroporous fibers with a surface area <5.0 m(2) g(-1). Elemental analysis showed a majority composition of C (57.19 wt%) and O (37.49 wt%). FTIR and XPS analyses showed that the material had C-O, C=O, -OH, O-C=O, and -NH2 surface groups. RAMAN and TGA were used to evaluate the composition, being cellulose (40.94%), lignin (20.15%), and hemicellulose (3.35%). Finally, the life-cycle assessment at a laboratory scale showed that the proposed biosorbent presents a 17% reduction in several environmental aspects compared to hydrochar, showing promise as an eco-friendly and highly efficient method for the remediation of water contaminated with dye, as well as being a promising alternative for the responsible management of solid waste generated by the tequila industry.Direccion de Investigacion-Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajara through "Convocatoria Proyectos de Investigacion para incidir en el entorno UAG 2022"Direccion de Investigacion-Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajar

"...Así que pasen (OTROS) cien años", vigencia y actualidad de la UVA de Hortaleza según acciones de Anne Lacaton

En el año 2001 el crítico de arte Nicolas Bourriaud irrumpe en el panorama de la crítica de arte con su libro "Postproducción", refiriéndose con este término al fenómeno que desde los años noventa ha ido generando el trabajo de diversos artistas. En una época en la que la oferta cultural se ha multiplicado inundando cada rincón del planeta, la pregunta que el artista se plantea no es tanto ¿qué puedo hacer de nuevo? como ¿qué puedo hacer con esto?, volcándose en realizar una obra siempre a partir de materiales preexistentes. Es decir, como si de una nueva versión del "Ready-Made" de Duchamp se tratara, seleccionan, combinan e incluso descontextualizan elementos heterogéneos ya dados creando un nuevo objeto con significado distinto al anterior. Esta estrategia contemporánea de "sampleo" está personificada por los DJ's, y lejos de sentirse abrumados por la cantidad de creaciones, el artista encuentra en esos materiales infinitas posibilidades de apropiación, combinación y remezcla. Esta misma actitud es la que persigue el estudio de arquitectura francés dirigido por Anne Lacaton y Jean Philip Vassal. Frente al panorama que proponen las autoridades francesas (una apuesta por la demolición de los edificios de la periferia construidos en los años 60 para levantar otros nuevos de dudosa calidad), abogan por la reutilización de lo que ellos consideran una buena materia prima. En edificios cuyas características no son aparentemente aceptables en la actualidad son capaces de encontrar ciertos valores como la red social existente entre sus usuarios y transformar el edificio con ciertas operaciones para potenciar su crecimiento. No se trata de transformar sino de ver con otros ojos. No es casualidad que sea el proyecto de F. Higueras, A. Miró, L. Espinosa, F. Cabrera, L. Crespi y A. Weber para la UVA de Hortaleza el edificio que Anne Lacaton escoge como objeto de trabajo durante su participación en el "workshop" del "Master in Collective Housing" realizado en Madrid en el año 2011. Este islote urbanístico situado en el Noreste de Madrid ha acogido desde 1963 a un total de 1104 familias, la mayoría procedentes de Jaén y Extremadura, que durante más de 50 años han ido tejiendo unas relaciones sociales ignoradas por la gestión madrileña. Este desdén desde la administración ha dado como resultado la actual propuesta de su demolición parcial. En este edificio, los corredores en altura llenos de flores recreaban las calles del sur peninsular y fueron el sustrato para el crecimiento de la red social existente. Esta actuación es reinterpretada por el grupo dirigido por la arquitecta francesa, potenciando el espacio interbloque como centro neurálgico del conjunto en el que continúan las relaciones entre sus habitantes. Tal vez en este momento en el que la construcción sin criterio ni mesura ha provocado la parálisis de la profesión, sea el momento de recuperar los valores que los pioneros de nuestra arquitectura nos brindaron y, mediante sencillas operaciones de apropiación y combinación, ser capaces de recrear de un modo contemporáneo esos interesantes ejemplos en los que se humaniza la arquitectura

Surface Characteristics and Electrochemical Performance of Activated Carbons from Schinus molle Stones Prepared by Hydrothermal Carbonization and KOH Activation

Schinus molle (SM) stones contain ca. 47 % C and 1 % N and are therefore a potential raw material for the preparation of activated carbons (ACs) with N functionalities. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of SM stones to prepare ACs by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) followed by KOH activation. For comparison purposes, ACs were also prepared by direct KOH activation of pristine SM stones. The objective was to study the effects of each preparation method on the physico-chemical surface and electrochemical performance of the ACs obtained. Ash content was lower and N content higher in ACs produced by HTC-KOH activation (HSM series) versus direct KOH activation (SM series). All ACs, except the most highly activated sample from the HSM series, had narrow micropores or constricted micropore entrances. The highest surface area and mesopore volume obtained were 1464 m2 g-1 and 0.29 cm3 g-1, respectively. Examination of AC porosity and surface area indicated that SM stones were more reactive to KOH activation after HTC. AC HSM200-2 had the largest capacitance, 235 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1, and the highest energy density, 7.83 Wh kg-1, at a power density of 400 W kg-1. The electrochemical performance of this sample was comparable to that recently reported for a wide variety of biomass-based ACs

Symmetric Supercapacitor Electrodes from KOH Activation of Pristine, Carbonized, and Hydrothermally Treated Melia azedarach Stones

Waste biomass-derived activated carbons (ACs) are promising materials for supercapacitor electrodes due to their abundance and low cost. In this study, we investigated the potential use of Melia azedarach (MA) stones to prepare ACs for supercapacitors. The ash content was considerably lower in MA stones (0.7% ash) than that found in other lignocellulosic wastes. ACs were prepared by KOH activation of pristine, carbonized, and hydrothermally-treated MA stones. The morphology, composition, surface area, porosity, and surface chemistry of the ACs were determined. Electrochemical measurements were carried out in three- and two-electrode cells, 3EC and 2EC, respectively, using 1 M H2SO4 as the electrolyte. The highest capacitance from galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) in 2EC ranged between 232 and 240 F·g−1 at 1 A·g−1. The maximum energy density reached was 27.4 Wh·kg−1 at a power density of 110 W·kg−1. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed an increase in equivalent series resistance (ESR) and charge transfer resistance (RCT) with greater ash content. Electrochemical performance of MA stone-derived ACs was compared with that of other ACs described in the recent literature that were prepared from different biomass wastes and results showed that they are among the best ACs for supercapacitor applications.This work was supported by FEDER and Spanish MINECO (grant number CTQ-2013-44789-R); and Junta de Andalucía (grant numbers P12-RNM-2892, RNM172). HGR gratefully acknowledges COLCIENCIAS (Colombia) for supporting her PhD studies

Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of geranylmethoxyhydroquinone derivatives

Indexación: Web of Science; ScieloEl geranilo-2 ,4-sintético nuevo methoxyhydroquinone 1 y el conocido geranilo-4 ,5 methoxyhydroquinone- 2 se prepararon por sustitución electrófila aromática (EAS) reacciones entre geraniol y 1,3,5-trimethoxyphenol utilizando BF 3 · Et 2 O como un catalizador. Además, los nuevos derivados geranylmethoxyhydroquinones (3-6) se obtuvieron mediante transformaciones químicas de 1 y 2. Los compuestos se han evaluado por sus actividades citotóxicas contra PC-3 línea celular humana de cáncer de próstata, MCF 7-y humano MDA-MB-231 las células de cáncer de mama líneas y dengue hemorrágico cutánea fibroblastos humanos. IC 50 valores para los compuestos 1 y 5 varió en el nivel mu M 80.http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-97072012000300005&lng=es&nrm=is

Nickel Cobaltite Functionalized Silver Doped Carbon Xerogels as E cient Electrode Materials for High Performance Symmetric Supercapacitor

Introducing new inexpensive materials for supercapacitors application with high energy density and stability, is the current research challenge. In this work, Silver doped carbon xerogels have been synthesized via a simple sol-gel method. The silver doped carbon xerogels are further surface functionalized with di erent loadings of nickel cobaltite (1 wt.%, 5 wt.%, and 10 wt.%) using a facile impregnation process. The morphology and textural properties of the obtained composites are characterized by X-ray di raction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nitrogen physisorption analysis. The silver doped carbon xerogels display a higher surface area and larger mesopore volume compared to the un-doped carbon xerogels and hierarchically porous structure is obtained for all materials. The hybrid composites have been utilized as electrode materials for symmetric supercapacitors in 6 M KOH electrolyte. Among all the hybrid composites, silver doped carbon xerogel functionalized with 1 wt.% nickel cobaltite (NiCo1/Ag-CX) shows the best supercapacitor performance: high specific capacitance (368 F g(-1) at 0.1 A g(-1)), low equivalent series resistance (1.9 W), high rate capability (99% capacitance retention after 2000 cycles at 1 A g(-1)), and high energy and power densities (50 Wh/Kg, 200 W/Kg at 0.1 A g(-1)). It is found that the specific capacitance does not only depend on surface area, but also on others factors such as particle size, uniform particle distribution, micro-mesoporous structure, which contribute to abundant active sites and fast charge, and ion transfer rates between the electrolyte and the active sites.Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University R.G.P.2/39/4

Biomass-Derived Carbon Molecular Sieves Applied to an Enhanced Carbon Capture and Storage Process (e-CCS) for Flue Gas Streams in Shallow Reservoirs

The authors give thanks to Universidad Nacional de Colombia and the University of Granada for the logistical and financial support.It is possible to take advantage of shallow reservoirs (<300 m) for CO2 capture and storage in the post-combustion process. This process is called enhanced carbon capture and storage (e-CCS). In this process, it is necessary to use a nano-modifying agent to improve the chemical-physical properties of geological media, which allows the performance of CO2 selective adsorption to be enhanced. Therefore, this study presents the development and evaluation of carbon sphere molecular nano-sieves (CSMNS) from cane molasses for e-CSS. This is the first report in the scientific literature on CSMNS, due to their size and structure. In this study, sandstone was used as geological media, and was functionalized using a nanofluid, which was composed of CNMNS dispersed in deionized water. Finally, CO2 or N2 streams were used for evaluating the adsorption process at different conditions of pressure and temperature. As the main result, the nanomaterial allowed a natural selectivity towards CO2, and the sandstone enhanced the adsorption capacity by an incremental factor of 730 at reservoir conditions (50 ◦C and 2.5 MPa) using a nanoparticle mass fraction of 20%. These nanofluids applied to a new concept of carbon capture and storage for shallow reservoirs present a novel landscape for the control of industrial CO2 emissions.Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias 647-2014Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento para la Ciencia, la Tecnologia y la Innovacion "FRANCISCO JOSE DE CALDAS"Agencia Nacional de Hidrocarburos (ANH)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion ColcienciasUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaERDF/Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities-State Research Agency RTI2018-099224-B-I0