188 research outputs found
Growing Tungsten Nanophases on Carbon Spheres Doped with Nitrogen. Behaviour as Electro-Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
This research was funded by the Junta de Andalucia [grant numbers RNM172 and P18-RTJ-2974].This work shows the preparation of carbon nanospheres with a high superficial nitrogen
content (7 wt.%), obtained by a simple hydrothermal method, from pyrocatechol and formaldehyde,
around which tungsten nanophases have been formed. One of these nanophases is tungsten carbide,
whose electro-catalytic behavior in the ORR has been evaluated together with the presence of nitrogen
surface groups. Both current and potential kinetic density values improve considerably with the
presence of tungsten, despite the significant nitrogen loss detected during the carbonization treatment.
However, the synergetic effect that the WC has with other electro-catalytic metals in this reaction
cannot be easily evaluated with the nitrogen in these materials, since both contents vary in opposite
ways. Nevertheless, all the prepared materials carried out oxygen electro-reduction by a mixed
pathway of two and four electrons, showing remarkable electro-catalytic behavior.Junta de Andalucia RNM172
P18-RTJ-297
Influence of Surface Chemistry on the Electrochemical Performance of Biomass-Derived Carbon Electrodes for its Use as Supercapacitors
The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/15/2458/s1, Figure S1. N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms at 77K of CK-series samples. Figure S2: High resolution XPS deconvoluted spectra in the corresponding regions: (a) C1s, (b) O1s, (c) N1s and (d) S2p3/2 for the activated carbons prepared from Custard apple tree wood (CK-Serie). Figure S3: High resolution XPS deconvoluted spectra in the corresponding regions: (a) C1s, (b) O1s, (c) N1s and (d) S2p3/2 for the activated carbons prepared from Fig tree wood (FK-Serie). Figure S4: High resolution XPS deconvoluted spectra in the corresponding regions: (a) C1s, (b) O1s, (c) N1s and (d) S2p3/2 for the activated carbons prepared from Olive tree wood (OK-Serie).first_page
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Open AccessFeature PaperArticle
Influence of Surface Chemistry on the Electrochemical Performance of Biomass-Derived Carbon Electrodes for its Use as Supercapacitors
by Abdelhakim Elmouwahidi 1 [OrcID] , Esther Bailón-García 1, Luis A. Romero-Cano 2 [OrcID] , Ana I. Zárate-Guzmán 3, Agustín F. Pérez-Cadenas 1,* [OrcID] and Francisco Carrasco-Marín 1 [OrcID]
1
Research Group in Carbon Materials, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuente Nueva s/n. 18071 Granada, Spain
2
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Av. Patria 1201, Zapopan, Jalisco C. P. 45129, Mexico
3
Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica (CIDETEQ) S.C., Parque Tecnológico Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro 760703, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2019, 12(15), 2458; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12152458
Received: 28 June 2019 / Revised: 31 July 2019 / Accepted: 1 August 2019 / Published: 2 August 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Element-Doped Functional Carbon-based Materials)
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Abstract
Activated carbons prepared by chemical activation from three different types of waste woods were treated with four agents: melamine, ammonium carbamate, nitric acid, and ammonium persulfate, for the introduction of nitrogen and oxygen groups on the surface of materials. The results indicate that the presence of the heteroatoms enhances the capacitance, energy density, and power density of all samples. The samples treated with ammonium persulfate show the maximum of capacitance of 290 F g−1 while for the melamine, ammonium carbamate, and nitric acid treatments, the samples reached the maximum capacitances values of 283, 280, and 455 F g−1 respectively. This remarkable electro-chemical performance, as the high specific capacitances can be due to several reasons: i) The excellent and adequate textural characteristics makes possible a large adsorption interface for electrolyte to form the electrical double layer, leading to a great electrochemical double layer capacitance. ii) The doping with hetero-atoms enhances the surface interaction of these materials with the aqueous electrolyte, increasing the accessibility of electrolyte ions. iii) The hetero-atoms groups can also provide considerable pseudo-capacitance improving the overall capacitance.This work was supported by FEDER and Spanish MINECO (grant number CTQ-2013-44789-R); and Junta de Andalucía (grant numbers P12-RNM-2892, RNM172)
Comparison of the Influence of Oxygen Groups Introduced by Graphene Oxide on the Activity of Carbon Felt in Vanadium and Anthraquinone Flow Batteries
An increasing number of studies focus on organic
flow batteries (OFBs) as possible substitutes for the vanadium flow
battery (VFB), featuring anthraquinone derivatives, such as
anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid (2,7-AQDS). VFBs have been
postulated as a promising energy storage technology. However, the
fluctuating cost of vanadium minerals and risky supply chains have
hampered their implementation, while OFBs could be prepared
from renewable raw materials. A critical component of flow batteries
is the electrode material, which can determine the power density
and energy efficiency. Yet, and in contrast to VFBs, studies on
electrodes tailored for OFBs are scarce. Hence, in this work, we
propose the modification of commercial carbon felts with reduced
graphene oxide (rGO) and poly(ethylene glycol) for the 2,7-AQDS
redox couple and to preliminarily assess its effects on the efficiency of a 2,7-AQDS/ferrocyanide flow battery. Results are compared
to those of a VFB to evaluate if the benefits of the modification are transferable to OFBs. The modification of carbon felts with
surface oxygen groups introduced by the presence of rGO enhanced both its hydrophilicity and surface area, favoring the catalytic
activity toward VFB and OFB reactions. The results are promising, given the improved behavior of the modified electrodes. Parallels
are established between the electrodes of both FB technologies.CSIC, MICINN, and AEI (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033), alongside the European Union − NextGenerationEU for funding the PTITRANSENER projectMinisterio de
Universidades of the Government of Spain for granting his
predoctoral fellowship contract (FPU20/04400)Clausthal University of Technology through a stay at the Research Center for Energy Storage
Technologies (EST) in Goslar, GermanyAlexander von Humboldt Foundation (Germany) for sponsoring a research fellowship at Clausthal University of Technolog
Iniciación a la investigación en un laboratorio integrado de química
El reto planteado por la Convergencia al Espacio Europeo en la Educación Superior (EEES) supone una oportunidad para la reflexión y la puesta en marcha de iniciativas de mejora de la calidad en el ámbito de la docencia universitaria. Aprovechando este impulso, se propone un Proyecto de Innovación Docente en la asignatura troncal de “Experimentación en Química Inorgánica” del tercer curso de la Licenciatura en Química de la Universidad de Jaén.El trabajo presentado recoge la actuación en un laboratorio integrado de Química en el que se desarrollará el proceso de aplicación de los conocimientos adquiridos por los alumnos en las diversas asignaturas cursadas sobre sólidos inorgánicos, caracterización de sólidos adsorbentes, estudio de superficies, procesos de adsorción, técnicas quimiométricas y valorización de subproductos y concienciación medioambiental
Gaia Focused Product Release: Radial velocity time series of long-period variables
Context. The third Gaia Data Release (DR3) provided photometric time series of more than 2 million long-period variable (LPV) candidates. Anticipating the publication of full radial-velocity data planned with Data Release 4, this Focused Product Release (FPR) provides radial-velocity time series for a selection of LPV candidates with high-quality observations. Aims. We describe the production and content of the Gaia catalog of LPV radial-velocity time series, and the methods used to compute the variability parameters published as part of the Gaia FPR. Methods. Starting from the DR3 catalog of LPV candidates, we applied several filters to construct a sample of sources with high-quality radial-velocity measurements. We modeled their radial-velocity and photometric time series to derive their periods and amplitudes, and further refined the sample by requiring compatibility between the radial-velocity period and at least one of the G, GBP, or GRP photometric periods. Results. The catalog includes radial-velocity time series and variability parameters for 9614 sources in the magnitude range 6 ≲ G/mag ≲ 14, including a flagged top-quality subsample of 6093 stars whose radial-velocity periods are fully compatible with the values derived from the G, GBP, and GRP photometric time series. The radial-velocity time series contain a mean of 24 measurements per source taken unevenly over a duration of about three years. We identify the great majority of the sources (88%) as genuine LPV candidates, with about half of them showing a pulsation period and the other half displaying a long secondary period. The remaining 12% of the catalog consists of candidate ellipsoidal binaries. Quality checks against radial velocities available in the literature show excellent agreement. We provide some illustrative examples and cautionary remarks. Conclusions. The publication of radial-velocity time series for almost ten thousand LPV candidates constitutes, by far, the largest such database available to date in the literature. The availability of simultaneous photometric measurements gives a unique added value to the Gaia catalog
The membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A (MS4A) gene cluster contains a common variant associated with Alzheimer's disease
Background\ud
In order to identify novel loci associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the Spanish population.\ud
\ud
Methods\ud
We genotyped 1,128 individuals using the Affymetrix Nsp I 250K chip. A sample of 327 sporadic AD patients and 801 controls with unknown cognitive status from the Spanish general population were included in our initial study. To increase the power of the study, we combined our results with those of four other public GWAS datasets by applying identical quality control filters and the same imputation methods, which were then analyzed with a global meta-GWAS. A replication sample with 2,200 sporadic AD patients and 2,301 controls was genotyped to confirm our GWAS findings.\ud
\ud
Results\ud
Meta-analysis of our data and independent replication datasets allowed us to confirm a novel genome-wide significant association of AD with the membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A (MS4A) gene cluster (rs1562990, P = 4.40E-11, odds ratio = 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.85 to 0.91, n = 10,181 cases and 14,341 controls).\ud
\ud
Conclusions\ud
Our results underscore the importance of international efforts combining GWAS datasets to isolate genetic loci for complex diseases
On the specific double-layer capacitance of activated carbons, in relation to their structural and chemical properties
ATP5H/KCTD2 locus is associated with Alzheimer's disease risk
To identify loci associated with Alzheimer disease, we conducted a three-stage analysis using existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genotyping in a new sample. In Stage I, all suggestive single-nucleotide polymorphisms (at P<0.001) in a previously reported GWAS of seven independent studies (8082 Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases; 12 040 controls) were selected, and in Stage II these were examined in an in silico analysis within the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology consortium GWAS (1367 cases and 12904 controls). Six novel signals reaching P<5 × 10-6 were genotyped in an independent Stage III sample (the Fundació ACE data set) of 2200 sporadic AD patients and 2301 controls. We identified a novel association with AD in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F0 (ATP5H)/Potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing protein 2 (KCTD2) locus, which reached genome-wide significance in the combined discovery and genotyping sample (rs11870474, odds ratio (OR)=1.58, P=2.6 × 10 -7 in discovery and OR=1.43, P=0.004 in Fundació ACE data set; combined OR=1.53, P=4.7 × 10 -9). This ATP5H/KCTD2 locus has an important function in mitochondrial energy production and neuronal hyperpolarization during cellular stress conditions, such as hypoxia or glucose deprivation
J-PLUS : spectral evolution of white dwarfs by PDF analysis
We estimated the spectral evolution of white dwarfs with effective
temperature using the Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS)
second data release (DR2), that provides twelve photometric optical passbands
over 2176 deg2. We analysed 5926 white dwarfs with r <= 19.5 mag in common
between a white dwarf catalog defined from Gaia EDR3 and J-PLUS DR2. We
performed a Bayesian analysis by comparing the observed J-PLUS photometry with
theoretical models of hydrogen (H) and helium (He) dominated atmospheres. We
estimated the PDF for effective temperature (Teff), surface gravity, parallax,
and spectral type; and the probability of having a H-dominated atmosphere (pH)
for each source. We applied a prior in parallax, using Gaia EDR3 measurements
as reference, and derived a self-consistent prior for the atmospheric
composition as a function of Teff. We described the fraction of He-dominated
atmosphere white dwarfs (fHe) with a linear function of Teff at 5000 < Teff <
30000 K. We found fHe = 0.24 +- 0.01 at Teff = 10000 K, a change rate along the
cooling sequence of 0.14 +- 0.02 per 10 kK, and a minimum He-dominated fraction
of 0.08 +- 0.02 at the high-temperature end. We tested the obtained pH by
comparison with spectroscopic classifications, finding that it is reliable. We
estimated the mass distribution for the 351 sources with distance d < 100 pc,
mass M > 0.45 Msun, and Teff > 6000 K. The result for H-dominated white dwarfs
agrees with previous work, with a dominant M = 0.59 Msun peak and the presence
of an excess at M ~ 0.8 Msun. This high-mass excess is absent in the
He-dominated distribution, which presents a single peak. The J-PLUS optical
data provides a reliable statistical classification of white dwarfs into H- and
He-dominated atmospheres. We find a 21 +- 3 % increase in the fraction of
He-dominated white dwarfs from Teff = 20000 K to Teff = 5000 K.Comment: Published in Astronomy and Astrophysics. 18 pages, 15 figures, 4
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