PLEOPODAL EGG PRODUCTION OF THE WHITE-CLAWED CRAYFISH AUSTROPOTAMOBIUS PALLIPES LEREBOULLET UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EGG NUMBER, EGG DIAMETER AND FEMALE SIZE

Reproductive data from a total number of 1296 adult white-clawed crayfish (864 females mean carapace length size 3.36 ± 0.49 cm and 432 males mean carapace length size 3.66 ± 0.38 cm) are reported. In a 10-year period, crayfish from wild populations caught in mid September were kept under indoor laboratory conditions where mating and spawning took place. Broodstock mortality was low: 5% in females and 1.1% in males. From the initial number of females, 771 mated (89.2%) and 721 spawned (83.4%). Pleopodal eggs were counted without removal between 3 and 20 days after spawning and mean number was 73.5 ± 34.1 (range 14-220). Egg diameter of 94 females was measured giving a mean value of 2.39 ± 0.015 mm (range 2.08-2.79 mm). Correlations between female size (carapace length CL), number of pleopodal eggs and egg diameter were made

Additional supply of decapsulated Artemia

The additional supply of live feeds such as Artemia remains indispensable in juvenile astacid rearing from the start of independent life. Considering that cost and work could be reduced by restricting this supply, a 100-day experiment was carried out with stage 2 Pacifastacus leniusculus to evaluate the effects of different administration periods of decapsulted Artemia cysts as supplement to a dry diet at two stocking densities. Using a bifactorial design, six treatments differing in the time at which the cysts were withdrawn (after 20, 30 or 50 days of experiment) and the stocking density (100 or 200 crayfish·m-2) were conducted. Survival rates did not show significant differences among groups, with final figures averaging 81%. Crayfish receiving cysts up to day 50 showed faster growth (around 13.8 mm carapace length and 610 mg weight at the end of the experiment) than the rest, significant differences being recorded from day 60 of experiment onwards. The 20-day and 30-day supplies resulted in similar growth values. There were no significant differences in survival or growth between 100 and 200 crayfish·m-2. This study shows that decapsulated Artemia cysts can be withdrawn at day 20 (allowing to feed a dry diet as the sole food thereafter) and that faster growth can be obtained if cysts are supplied up to day 50. Furthermore, a stocking density of 200 crayfish·m-2 can be advised under the mentioned feeding conditions

Proposal of a practical diet for juvenile astacid crayfish studies from the onset of exogenous feeding under controlled conditions

Considering the knowledge on freshwater crayfish feeding requirements and other cultured crustaceans, a practical extruded diet was formulated with the aim to be used for juvenile astacid studies from the onset of exogenous feeding. According to a bifactorial design, the practical diet was compared with the diet which has allowed repeated good survival and growth results (control: feedstuff for trout combined with Artemia cysts) in groups and individually isolated crayfish in an 80-day experiment. Diets tested did not affect final survival rates and growth neither in grouped nor in isolated crayfish, being the highest survival rate (average: 93%) and growth values (average: 13.2 mm carapace length: CL, 578.1 mg weight: W, 3.52%·d-1 specific growth rate: SGR, 1896.6% weight gain: WG) reached with the practical diet. Survival rates did not show significant differences neither among crayfish maintained in groups (86% for the practical diet and 81.7% for the control diet) nor among isolated crayfish (100% survival). Isolated crayfish had significantly higher growth (14.3 mm CL, 760 mg W) than the grouped crayfish (11.5 mm CL, 354 mg W). Results show the feasibility of the proposed practical diet as basis for further studies on astacid crayfish

Antifungal treatments in artificial incubation of crayfish eggs (Pacifastacus leniusculus, Astacidae): Searching for alternatives to formaldehyde

Considering the concerns about the safety of the use of formaldehyde as antifungal agent, the effects of three alternative chemicals (potassium sorbate, copper hydroxide and magnesium chloride) were tested in the artificial incubation of signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) eggs. Eight treatments were performed during 15 min every other day: formaldehyde at 3000 ppm (control), potassium sorbate at 5000 and 10000 ppm, copper hydroxide at 40, 60, 80 and 200 ppm, and magnesium chloride at 10000 ppm. Eggs were incubated in a flow through system at a density of 20 eggs·cm−2. After 61 days of incubation, the highest efficiencies were obtained with 200 ppm of copper hydroxide (77.6% of survivors to stage 2) with no significant differences from the control (74.3%). Lower concentrations of copper hydroxide resulted in high egg mortality whereas potassium sorbate and magnesium chloride were ineffective to avoid fungal growth and total egg mortality took place. From the obtained results, copper hydroxide baths at 200 ppm could be considered as a good alternative to formaldehyde

Antifungal treatments in artificial incubation of crayfish eggs (

Considering the concerns about the safety of the use of formaldehyde as antifungal agent, the effects of three alternative chemicals (potassium sorbate, copper hydroxide and magnesium chloride) were tested in the artificial incubation of signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) eggs. Eight treatments were performed during 15 min every other day: formaldehyde at 3000 ppm (control), potassium sorbate at 5000 and 10000 ppm, copper hydroxide at 40, 60, 80 and 200 ppm, and magnesium chloride at 10000 ppm. Eggs were incubated in a flow through system at a density of 20 eggs·cm−2. After 61 days of incubation, the highest efficiencies were obtained with 200 ppm of copper hydroxide (77.6% of survivors to stage 2) with no significant differences from the control (74.3%). Lower concentrations of copper hydroxide resulted in high egg mortality whereas potassium sorbate and magnesium chloride were ineffective to avoid fungal growth and total egg mortality took place. From the obtained results, copper hydroxide baths at 200 ppm could be considered as a good alternative to formaldehyde

Associações entre as variações da carga de treino e as variações de bem-estar ao longo de uma época em jogadores de futebol juvenil

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

On rings of semialgebraic functions

The authors study some properties of the ring of abstract semialgebraic functions over a constructible subset of the real spectrum of an excellent ring. To be more precise, let X be a constructible subset of the real spectrum of a ring A. The ring S(X) of abstract semialgebraic functions over X was introduced bz N. Schwartz [see Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 397 (1989; Zbl 0697.14015)], as a generalization of continuous functions with semialgebraic graph to the context of real spectra. Unfortunately the utility of this functions is not yet quite established. The main result of the paper states that if A is excellent, the Krull dimension of S(X) equals the dimension of X (defined as the maximum of the heights of the supports of points lying in X), which in turn, as J. M. Ruiz showed in C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, S´er. I 302, 67-69 (1986; Zbl 0591.13017) coincides with its topological dimension. This was first shown by M. Carral and M. Coste [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 30, 227-235 (1983; Zbl 0525.14015)] for the particular case of X being a ‘true’ semialgebraic subset which is locally closed, and the result extends readily to abstract locally closed constructible sets. Then the authors use the compactness of the constructible topology of real spectra and the properties of excellent rings to reduce the general case to the locally closed one. The paper finishes by characterizing the finitely generated prime ideals of S(X), namely they are the ideals of the open constructible points of X whose closure in X is open of dimension 6= 1

Erratum: Dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors in spanish adolescents: A cross-sectional analysis of the si! program for health promotion in secondary schools (Nutrients (2019), 11, 2297, 10.3390/nu11102297)

The authors have requested that the following changes be made to their paper [1]. Correction 1 The following content in the Abstract on page 1: “No overall differences in CVRF were observed between clusters except for z-BMI values, total cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol, with the Processed cluster showing the lowest mean values.” was changed to: “No overall differences in CVRF were observed between clusters except for z-BMI and z-FMI values, total cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol, with the Processed cluster showing the lowest mean values.” Correction 2 The following content in the Discussion section on page 8: “Our analysis of associations between DPs and CVRF only found significant associations for z-BMI, TC, and non-HDL cholesterol, with z-BMI in particular being higher in the Traditional and Healthy clusters than in the Processed cluster.” was changed to: “Our analysis of associations between DPs and CVRF only found significant associations for z-BMI, z-FMI, TC, and non-HDL cholesterol, with z-BMI in particular being higher in the Traditional and Healthy clusters than in the Processed cluster.” Correction 3 The following content related to z-FMI in the Appendix section, A1, page 10: Table A1. Cardiovascular risk factors of participants according to tertiles of principal component analysis (PCA). (Table presented). The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused to the readers by the changes, stating it does not affect the scientific results. The original manuscript will remain online on the article webpage, with a reference to this Erratum