Click reactions in the synthesis of tripodal 1H-1,2,3-triazol derivatives of 1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione

The 15th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry session General Organic SynthesisThe copper catalyzed Huisgen reaction was used for the synthesis of two derivatives of 1H-1,2,3-triazol-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione. One from tris(2-azidoethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione and phenylacetylene, and the other by coupling of 1,3,5-tri(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione with benzyl azideXunta de Galicia for financial support: INCITE09 262346PR. X. F. thanks the Isidro Parga Pondal Program (Xunta de Galicia, Spain

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

The influence of process parameters on the physical characteristics of ceramic microneedles, evaluated using a factorial design

The paper presents the application of the factorial Design of Experiments (DoE) to evaluate the influence of process parameters on the physical characteristics of ceramic microneedles (CMN). In this study, an understanding of the fabrication process was achieved by performing a DoE based on varying two levels of five parameters. Statistical analyses were performed on the data to investigate whether the process parameters have a significant effect on the production of a patch of 25 microneedles (MN) with sharp tips. The study showed that four out of five main effects as well as an interaction between two parameters were significant

Inadequate use of antibiotics in the covid-19 era: effectiveness of antibiotic therapy

Background: Since December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the concept of medicine. This work aims to analyze the use of antibiotics in patients admitted to the hospital due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This work analyzes the use and effectiveness of antibiotics in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 based on data from the SEMI-COVID-19 registry, an initiative to generate knowledge about this disease using data from electronic medical records. Our primary endpoint was all-cause in-hospital mortality according to antibiotic use. The secondary endpoint was the effect of macrolides on mortality. Results: Of 13,932 patients, antibiotics were used in 12,238. The overall death rate was 20.7% and higher among those taking antibiotics (87.8%). Higher mortality was observed with use of all antibiotics (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.21-1.62; p < .001) except macrolides, which had a higher survival rate (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.64-0.76; p < .001). The decision to start antibiotics was influenced by presence of increased inflammatory markers and any kind of infiltrate on an x-ray. Patients receiving antibiotics required respiratory support and were transferred to intensive care units more often. Conclusions: Bacterial co-infection was uncommon among COVID-19 patients, yet use of antibiotics was high. There is insufficient evidence to support widespread use of empiric antibiotics in these patients. Most may not require empiric treatment and if they do, there is promising evidence regarding azithromycin as a potential COVID-19 treatment