Conformational analysis of some pyridinium phenolates and synthetic precursors based on X-Ray and IR characterisations

7 pagesInternational audienceThis manuscript reports X-Ray and IR characterizations of representative pyridinium phenolates, model compounds for nonlinear optics. These analyses reveal the close dependence existing between molecular structure and the contribution of quinone and zwitterionic limiting forms. The bond length alternation (BLA) values, the well-known parameter correlated to hyperpolarisability β, are also discussed and compared with literature data

Différentes méthodes d'apprentissage actif pour une diversité d'apprenants

RÉSUMÉ: Pédagogie active, enseignement actif ou apprentissage actif, sont des termes qui ont comme point commun l’activité d’apprentissage proposée à l’étudiant, pour qu’il s’engage dans son processus d’apprentissage. La pédagogie active offre un défi intéressant à l’enseignant qui doit concevoir son enseignement comme une scénarisation de situations d’apprentissage. Depuis plusieurs années, les méthodes d’enseignement liées à la pédagogie active sont prisées à Polytechnique Montréal. Ainsi, à chaque année depuis 10 ans, des enseignants sont invités à présenter à leurs pairs leur expérience innovatrice d’enseignement dans le cadre d’une journée vouée à l’enseignement et à l’apprentissage. L’objectif de cet article est de présenter deux expériences de classe inversée et de souligner leur impact sur l’étudiant en ingénierie à l’aide d’observations

Very Low Phytoplankton Diversity in a Tropical Saline-Alkaline Lake, with Co-dominance of Arthrospira fusiformis (Cyanobacteria) and Picocystis salinarum (Chlorophyta)

International audienceLake Dziani Dzaha (Mayotte Island, Indian Ocean) is a tropical thalassohaline lake which geochemical and biological conditions make it a unique aquatic ecosystem considered as a modern analogue of Precambrian environments. In the present study, we focused on the diversity of phytoplanktonic communities, which produce very high and stable biomass (mean 2014-2015 = 652 ± 179 μg chlorophyll a L −1). As predicted by classical community ecology paradigms, and as observed in similar environments, a single species is expected to dominate the phytoplanktonic communities. To test this hypothesis, we sampled water column in the deepest part of the lake (18 m) during rainy and dry seasons for two consecutive years. Phytoplanktonic communities were characterized using a combination of metagenomic, microscopy-based and flow cytometry approaches, and we used statistical modeling to identify the environmental factors determining the abundance of dominant organisms. As hypothesized, the overall diversity of the phytoplanktonic communities was very low (15 OTUs), but we observed a co-dominance of two, and not only one, OTUs, viz., Arthrospira fusiformis (Cyanobacteria) and Picocystis salinarum (Chlorophyta). We observed a decrease in the abundance of these co-dominant taxa along the depth profile and identified the adverse environmental factors driving this decline. The functional traits measured on isolated strains of these two taxa (i.e., size, pigment composition, and concentration) are then compared and discussed to explain their capacity to cope with the extreme environmental conditions encountered in the aphotic, anoxic, and sulfidic layers of the water column of Lake Dziani Dzaha

Late relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute leukemia: a retrospective study by SFGM-TC.

peer reviewedLate relapse (LR) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) for acute leukemia is a rare event (nearly 4.5%) and raises the questions of prognosis and outcome after salvage therapy. We performed a retrospective multicentric study between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2016, using data from the French national retrospective register ProMISe provided by the SFGM-TC (French Society for Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy). We included patients presenting with LR, defined as a relapse occurring at least 2 years after AHSCT. We used the Cox model to identify prognosis factors associated with LR. During the study period, a total of 7582 AHSCTs were performed in 29 centers, and 33.8% of patients relapsed. Among them, 319 (12.4%) were considered to have LR, representing an incidence of 4.2% for the entire cohort. The full dataset was available for 290 patients, including 250 (86.2%) with acute myeloid leukemia and 40 (13.8%) with acute lymphoid leukemia. The median interval from AHSCT to LR was 38.2 months (interquartile range [IQR], 29.2 to 49.7 months), and 27.2% of the patients had extramedullary involvement at LR (17.2% exclusively and 10% associated with medullary involvement). One-third of the patients had persistent full donor chimerism at LR. Median overall survival (OS) after LR was 19.9 months (IQR, 5.6 to 46.4 months). The most common salvage therapy was induction regimen (55.5%), with complete remission (CR) obtained in 50.7% of cases. Ninety-four patients (38.5%) underwent a second AHSCT, with a median OS of 20.4 months (IQR, 7.1 to 49.1 months). Nonrelapse mortality after second AHSCT was 18.2%. The Cox model identified the following factors as associated with delay of LR: disease status not in first CR at first HSCT (odds ratio [OR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.64; P = .02) and the use of post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.21 to 4.14; P = .01). Chronic GVHD appeared to be a protective factor (OR, .64; 95% CI, .42 to .96; P = .04). The prognosis of LR is better than in early relapse, with a median OS after LR of 19.9 months. Salvage therapy associated with a second AHSCT improves outcome and is feasible, without creating excess toxicity

Électricité et téléphone : la conquête de la France

Carré Patrice A. Électricité et téléphone : la conquête de la France. In: Vingtième Siècle, revue d'histoire, n°10, avril-juin 1986. Dossier : Lectures pour tous. pp. 126-127

La communication à distance

Carré Patrice A. La communication à distance. In: Vingtième Siècle, revue d'histoire, n°10, avril-juin 1986. Dossier : Lectures pour tous. pp. 115-118

From the telegraph to the telex: a history of technology, early networks and issues in France in the 19th and 20th centuries

Patrice A. CARRÉ, From the telegraph to the telex: a history of technology, early networks and issues in France in the 19th and 20th centuries. An attempt to trace a history of the telex service in France would appear at first sight to be a relatively secondary and, on balance, quite simple undertaking. Confined to well-defined sectors, telex seems a marginal tool. Easily situated chronologically, the service has definite beginnings (origins) and, if not an end, at least something resembling a culminating point with the tell-tale signs of a slow decline and impending demise. But the history of telex is more complex than may at first appear. Although by and large, it has followed the same pace as the growth of telecommunications in France, it had a relatively separate development subject to different tensions and patterns. A closer examination of this development must focus on the concourse of network history and business corporation history. In ordinary language, the word telex designates a document. In the history of communications techniques, the word telex also designates a terminal. Telex is, thus, a service enabling subscribers to send each other written messages by means of teleprinters. And telex is also an exchange-based switched network, with teleprinters communicating over this independent network, the telex network, as distinguished, both physically and operationally, from telephone networks. Although telex is a relatively recent innovation, it must be seen in the broader context of an earlier technnique: telegraphy, i.e., a network for point-to-point transmissions of signals represented initially by visual codes, then by bars/dashes, and then by written messages composed of alphanumeric characters... recent innovation, it must be seen in the broader context of an earlier technnique: telegraphy, i.e., a network for point-to-point transmissions of signals represented initially by visual codes, then by bars/dashes, and then by written messages composed of alphanumeric characters...Patrice A. CARRÉ, Du télégraphe au télex: histoire technique, histoire des réseaux, enjeux (France XIXe-XXe siècles). L'histoire du télex en France semble marginale, limitée à des secteurs précis. Quant à l'objet il est aisément repérable dans la chronologie. Il a donc un début (des origines) et, sinon une fin, du moins ce qui semble être un point d'apogée annonçant ce qui pourrait être - lu rapidement - comme la chronique d'une lente disparition. Or, l'histoire du télex est de facto plus complexe qu'il n'y paraît. Si globalement elle colle au rythme de l'histoire des télécommunications en France, elle n'en épouse pas pour autant toutes les tensions et les scansions. Elle a son déroulement autonome. Son étude se situe au confluent de l'histoire des réseaux et de l'hisoire des entreprises. On entend par télex dans le langage courant, un document. On entend (dans l'histoire des techniques de communication) par télex également un terminal. Le télex est aussi un service permettant à des abonnés de communiquer par écrit au moyen de téléimprimeurs. Mais le télex est également un réseau commuté. En effet, la communication entre téléimprimeurs se fait au moyen d'un réseau autonome, le réseau télex, qui est fonctionnellement et physiquement distinct du réseau téléphonique. Si l'histoire du télex est relativement récente, elle s'inscrit cependant dans une filière technique de plus longue durée, celle du télégraphe, c'est-à-dire celle d'un réseau transmettant point à point des signaux matérialisés: codes visuels, barres/tirets puis messages écrits composés de caractères alphanumériques... visuels, barres/tirets puis messages écrits composés de caractères alphanumériques...Carré Patrice A. From the telegraph to the telex: a history of technology, early networks and issues in France in the 19th and 20th centuries. In: Flux, n°11, 1993. pp. 17-31

Téléphone et lumière électrique, signes de la "modernité" ? Vers 1880 -vers 1930

Carré Patrice A. Téléphone et lumière électrique, signes de la "modernité" ? Vers 1880 -vers 1930. In: Bulletin d'histoire de l'électricité, n°7, juin 1986. Réseau électrique et réseau de télécommunication en France : 1840-1940. pp. 107-128