ELVIS - ELectromagnetic Vector Information Sensor

The ELVIS instrument was recently proposed by the authors for the Indian Chandrayaan-1 mission to the Moon and is presently under consideration by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The scientific objective of ELVIS is to explore the electromagnetic environment of the moon. ELVIS samples the full three-dimensional (3D) electric field vector, E(x,t), up to 18 MHz, with selective Nyqvist frequency bandwidths down to 5 kHz, and one component of the magnetic field vector, B(x,t), from a few Hz up to 100 kHz.As a transient detector, ELVIS is capable of detecting pulses with a minimum pulse width of 5 ns. The instrument comprises three orthogonal electric dipole antennas, one magnetic search coil antenna and a four-channel digital sampling system, utilising flexible digital down conversion and filtering together with state-of-the-art onboard digital signal processing.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to the DGLR Int. Symposium "To Moon and Beyond", Bremen, Germany, 2005. Companion paper to arXiv:astro-ph/050921

The Effect of w−termw-term on Visibility Correlation and Power Spectrum Estimation

Visibility-visibility correlation has been proposed as a technique for the estimation of power spectrum, and used extensively for small field of view observations, where the effect of $w-term$ is usually ignored. We consider power spectrum estimation from the large field of view observations, where the $w-term$ can have a significant effect. Our investigation shows that a nonzero $w$ manifests itself as a modification of the primary aperture function of the instrument. Using a gaussian primary beam, we show that the modified aperture is an oscillating function with a gaussian envelope. We show that the two visibility correlation reproduces the power spectrum beyond a certain baseline given by the width, $U_{w}$ of the modified aperture. Further, for a given interferometer, the maximum $U_{w}$ remains independent of the frequencies of observation. This suggests that, the incorporation of large field of view in radio interferometric observation has a greater effect for larger observing wavelengths.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, 2 table

O conselho escolar e a implementação no município de Cascavel-PR

This paper is aimed to present a summary of the production carried out in Master’s Degree dissertation entitled “Organization and School Management: an analysis of the School Council implemented in the city of Cascavel”. That research has had as its main goal to present an analysis of the School Council’s implementation process in the city of Cascavel, in 2012. The School Council, is part of the National Programme of School Councils Strengthening (PNFCE) which was created in 2004 during the first Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva’s government. This programme proclaims to promote the democratic management through the school community participation, for this, the programme offers education courses for the role performed by counsellor. Understanding that it is a programme guided by public policies and it’s not a movement which emerged from society, this study tries to reflect about the limit and the possibilities of the school community participation in a democratic management through an instrument which is the School Council. Hence, to develop this job, it was made a bibliographical research, a documental analysis and a field research through interviews and questionnaires with public municipal schools’ principals, and with others School Council’s members. In order to understand the research object, it was made some observations in Seminaries, education courses for counsellors and School Councils meetings. Our solicitude is to rescue the research questions and to put forward the limit and the possibilities of a School Council inside of a public school of the research field, recovering essential aspects of the community participation.Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma síntese da produção realizada na dissertação de mestrado intitulada ”Organização e Gestão Escolar: uma análise do Conselho Escolar na rede pública municipal de Cascavel”3. A pesquisa teve por objetivo principal apresentar uma análise do processo de implementação do Conselho Escolar no município de Cascavel no ano de 2012. O Conselho Escolar faz parte do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento dos Conselhos Escolares (PNFCE), criado em 2004 na primeira gestão do então presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Esse programa proclama fomentar a gestão democrática por meio da participação da comunidade escolar e, para isso, oferta cursos de formação para o desempenho do papel de conselheiro. Entendendo que é um programa direcionado por meio de políticas públicas e não por um movimento que emergiu da sociedade, o estudo buscou refletir sobre os limites e as possibilidades da participação da comunidade escolar na gestão da escola pública a partir de um instrumento que é o Conselho Escolar. Assim, para o desenvolvimento do trabalho realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica, com análise de documentos e com pesquisa de campo realizada por meio de entrevistas e de questionários com diretores das escolas municipais, com demais membros do Conselho Escolar, para entendimento do objeto de pesquisa participamos ainda de observações em Seminários, cursos de formação para conselheiros e reunião do Conselho Escolar. Nossa preocupação é resgatar as questões da pesquisa e apontar os limites e possibilidades de um Conselho Escolar dentro de uma gestão na escola pública do campo de pesquisa, recuperando aspectos fundamentais da participação da comunidade

Statistical properties of ionospheric stimulated electromagnetic emissions

We have analysed the statistical properties of the stimulated electromagnetic emissions (SEE) spectral features in the steady state, reached after a long period of continuous HF pumping of the ionosphere in experiments performed at the Sura ionospheric radio research facility in Russia. Using a digital filter bank method, we have been able to analyse complex valued signals within narrow frequency bands. Each of the SEE spectral features are thereby separated into a number of narrow spectral components. Statistical tests were performed for all these spectral components and the distributions of the spectral amplitudes and phases were evaluated. Also, a test for sinusoidal components was performed. These tests showed that all observed SEE features were indistinguishable from coloured Gaussian noise. The test results exclude that the SEE features can be the result of a single isolated coherent process, but does not rule out that there could be many statistically independent parametric wave-wave processes taking place simultaneously at various parts of the HF-pumped ionosphere, as long as the superposition from all these is incoherent. Furthermore, from the test results, we cannot exclude the possibility that the waveforms of some, or all, of the SEE features may be chaotic

Evaluation of total and bioavailable heavy metals and other soilrelated variables in a rice paddy after the application of defecation lime

A two-year experiment was carried out in a paddy field to investigate the effects of the use of defecation lime derived from treated sewage sludge on soil total and soil phytoavailable heavy metals concentration. Heavy metals concentration was determined also in raw rice. Four treatments were arranged in a completely randomized block design: not fertilised (T0), organic fertilisation + chemical fertilisers (T1), defecation lime + chemical fertilisers (T2), defecation lime at pre-sowing (T3). For T3, the pH value increased significantly at the end of the second year, increasing from 5.8 to 6.11. T3 resulted in the highest soil organic carbon content (9.4 g kg-1), suggesting the potential of defecation lime both as soil corrective material and soil amendment. The application of defecation lime in the paddy field did not result in an increased phytoavailable amount of heavy metals in soil