59 research outputs found

    Influence of speed on the crushing behavior of composite plates

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    International audienceThis paper presents a study on crushing of CFRP composite laminated plates. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of crushing speed on the rupture behavior and the energy absorption capability of composite materials.Two materials are tested: a carbon-epoxy unidirectional prepreg, and a carbon-epoxy fabric. For both materials, three different plate configurations are tested (three different stacking sequences). The crushing device is an improved plate crushing setup with stabilizing guides, which can be used both on a standard static traction/compression test machine, or on a drop tower. For static tests, a 20 mm/min velocity is applied to the specimen all along the 100mm crushing stroke. For dynamic tests, only the initial velocity can be imposed. Three initial speeds were chosen: 2, 5 and 9 m/s. A high-speed camera is used during tests to visualize the global behavior of the plate, and the rupture modes in the crushing front. The load is also recorded, which enables to calculate the load/displacement curve of plates crushing and determinate the energy absorption capability. The analysis of these results enables to discuss on the influence of crushing speed both on the rupture modes and, as a consequence, on the energy absorption capability

    Développement d'un modèle de l'écrasement progressif des composites stratifiés en dynamique

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    Grâce à un dispositif d'essai original d'écrasement de plaques composites, des modes d’écrasement élémentaires de stratifiés CFRP ont été observés et analysés pour des chargements statiques et dynamiques. Ces analyses ont permis de proposer un modèle éléments finis 2D explicite, avec modélisation de l'endommagement du matériau à l'échelle mésoscopique, pour la simulation du mode d’écrasement par évasement, avec une bonne corrélation entre modèle et expérience

    Experimental and numerical study of the splaying mode crush of CFRP laminates

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    Thanks to an innovative plate crushing test fixture, elementary crushing modes of CFRP laminates have been observed and analysed for static and dynamic loading. These analyses enabled to propose a 2D explicit finite element model at mesoscale for the simulation of splaying mode, with a good correlation between model and test data

    Influence of speed on the crushing behavior of composite plates

    Get PDF
    This paper presents a study on crushing of CFRP composite laminated plates. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of crushing speed on the rupture behavior and the energy absorption capability of composite materials. Two materials are tested: a carbon-epoxy unidirectional prepreg, and a carbon-epoxy fabric. For both materials, three different plate configurations are tested (three different stacking sequences). The crushing device is an improved plate crushing setup with stabilizing guides, which can be used both on a standard static traction/compression test machine, or on a drop tower. For static tests, a 20 mm/min velocity is applied to the specimen all along the 100mm crushing stroke. For dynamic tests, only the initial velocity can be imposed. Three initial speeds were chosen: 2, 5 and 9 m/s. A high-speed camera is used during tests to visualize the global behavior of the plate, and the rupture modes in the crushing front. The load is also recorded, which enables to calculate the load/displacement curve of plates crushing and determinate the energy absorption capability. The analysis of these results enables to discuss on the influence of crushing speed both on the rupture modes and, as a consequence, on the energy absorption capability

    A web-based platform for people with memory problems and their caregivers (CAREGIVERSPRO-MMD): Mixed-methods evaluation of usability

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    Background: The increasing number of people with dementia (PwD) drives research exploring Web-based support interventions to provide effective care for larger populations. In this concept, a Web-based platform (CAREGIVERSPRO-MMD, 620911) was designed to (1) improve the quality of life for PwD, (2) reduce caregiver burden, (3) reduce the financial costs for care, and (4) reduce administration time for health and social care professionals. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the usability and usefulness of CAREGIVERSPRO-MMD platform for PwD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), informal caregivers, and health and social care professionals with respect to a wider strategy followed by the project to enhance the user-centered approach. A secondary aim of the study was to collect recommendations to improve the platform before the future pilot study. Methods: A mixed methods design was employed for recruiting PwD or MCI (N=24), informal caregivers (N=24), and professionals (N=10). Participants were asked to rate their satisfaction, the perceived usefulness, and ease of use of each function of the platform. Qualitative questions about the improvement of the platform were asked when participants provided low scores for a function. Testing occurred at baseline and 1 week after participants used the platform. The dropout rate from baseline to the follow-up was approximately 10% (6/58). Results: After 1 week of platform use, the system was useful for 90% (20.75/23) of the caregivers and for 89% (5.36/6) of the professionals. When users responded to more than 1 question per platform function, the mean of satisfied users per function was calculated. These user groups also provided positive evaluations for the ease of use (caregivers: 82%, 18.75/23; professionals: 97%, 5.82/6) and their satisfaction with the platform (caregivers: 79%, 18.08/23; professionals: 73%, 4.36/6). Ratings from PwD were lower than the other groups for usefulness (57%, 13/23), ease of use (41%, 9.4/23), and overall satisfaction (47%, 11/23) with the platform (

    Imagerie des faisceaux de fibres et des réseaux fonctionnels du cerveau : application à l'étude du syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette

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    The objective of this thesis is to identify and characterize human anatomical and functional cortico-subcortical loops, using data from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion MRI. A loop is a set of cortical, subcortical and cerebellar regions that interact to perform or prepare for a task.We first aim to identify cortico-subcortical functional networks from resting-state fMRI data. We propose a robust statistical method that separates the analysis of cortical regions from that of subcortical structures. A spatial independent component analysis is first performed on individual cortical regions, followed by a hierarchical classification. The associated subcortical regions are then extracted by using a general linear model, the regressors of which contain the dynamics of the cortical regions, followed by a random-effect group analysis. The proposed approach is assessed on two different data sets. An immunohistochemical subcortical atlas is then used to determine the sensorimotor, associative or limbic function of the resulting networks. We finally demonstrate that anatomy is a support for function in healthy subjects.The last part is devoted to the study of the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, thought to be due to adysfunction of cortico-subcortical loops. Firstly, cortico-subcortical functional loops are characterized using metrics such as integration and graph theory measures, showing differences in terms of connectivity between adult patients and healthy volunteers. Secondly, we show that the cortico-subcortical functional loops in patients are supported by the underlying anatomy.L'objectif de cette thèse est d'identifier et caractériser les boucles anatomiques et fonctionnelles cortico-sous-corticales chez l'Homme, à partir de données d'imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf) au repos et de diffusion. Une boucle est un ensemble de régions corticales, sous-corticales et cérébelleuses, qui interagissent afin d'effectuer ou de préparer une tâche.Le premier axe de ce travail vise à identifier les réseaux fonctionnels cortico-sous-corticaux en IRMf au repos. Nous proposons une méthode statistique robuste séparant l'analyse corticale de l'analyse sous-corticale. Une analyse en composantes indépendantes spatiales est d'abord réalisée individuellement sur les régions corticales, et suivie d'une classification hiérarchique. Les régions sous-corticales associées sont ensuite extraites par un modèle linéaire général dont les régresseurs comportent la dynamique des régions corticales, suivi d'une analyse de groupe à effets aléatoires. La méthode est validée sur deux jeux de données différents. Un atlas immunohistochimique des structures sous-corticales permet ensuite de déterminer la fonction sensorimotrice, associative ou limbique des réseaux obtenus. Nous montrons enfin que l'anatomie est un support pour la fonction chez des sujets sains.Le dernier axe étudie le syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette, qu'on pense être dû à un dysfonctionnement des boucles cortico-sous-corticales. Nous caractérisons d'abord les boucles cortico-sous-corticales fonctionnelles grâce à des métriques d'intégration et de théorie des graphes, et des différences en termes de connectivité sont mises en évidence entre patients adultes et volontaires sains. Nous montrons également que les boucles cortico-sous-corticales fonctionnelles chez les patients sont soutenues par l'anatomie sous-jacente

    Imaging anatomical and functional brain cortico-subcortical loops : Application to the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome

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    L'objectif de cette thèse est d'identifier et caractériser les boucles anatomiques et fonctionnelles cortico-sous-corticales chez l'Homme, à partir de données d'imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf) au repos et de diffusion. Une boucle est un ensemble de régions corticales, sous-corticales et cérébelleuses, qui interagissent afin d'effectuer ou de préparer une tâche.Le premier axe de ce travail vise à identifier les réseaux fonctionnels cortico-sous-corticaux en IRMf au repos. Nous proposons une méthode statistique robuste séparant l'analyse corticale de l'analyse sous-corticale. Une analyse en composantes indépendantes spatiales est d'abord réalisée individuellement sur les régions corticales, et suivie d'une classification hiérarchique. Les régions sous-corticales associées sont ensuite extraites par un modèle linéaire général dont les régresseurs comportent la dynamique des régions corticales, suivi d'une analyse de groupe à effets aléatoires. La méthode est validée sur deux jeux de données différents. Un atlas immunohistochimique des structures sous-corticales permet ensuite de déterminer la fonction sensorimotrice, associative ou limbique des réseaux obtenus. Nous montrons enfin que l'anatomie est un support pour la fonction chez des sujets sains.Le dernier axe étudie le syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette, qu'on pense être dû à un dysfonctionnement des boucles cortico-sous-corticales. Nous caractérisons d'abord les boucles cortico-sous-corticales fonctionnelles grâce à des métriques d'intégration et de théorie des graphes, et des différences en termes de connectivité sont mises en évidence entre patients adultes et volontaires sains. Nous montrons également que les boucles cortico-sous-corticales fonctionnelles chez les patients sont soutenues par l'anatomie sous-jacente.The objective of this thesis is to identify and characterize human anatomical and functional cortico-subcortical loops, using data from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion MRI. A loop is a set of cortical, subcortical and cerebellar regions that interact to perform or prepare for a task.We first aim to identify cortico-subcortical functional networks from resting-state fMRI data. We propose a robust statistical method that separates the analysis of cortical regions from that of subcortical structures. A spatial independent component analysis is first performed on individual cortical regions, followed by a hierarchical classification. The associated subcortical regions are then extracted by using a general linear model, the regressors of which contain the dynamics of the cortical regions, followed by a random-effect group analysis. The proposed approach is assessed on two different data sets. An immunohistochemical subcortical atlas is then used to determine the sensorimotor, associative or limbic function of the resulting networks. We finally demonstrate that anatomy is a support for function in healthy subjects.The last part is devoted to the study of the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, thought to be due to adysfunction of cortico-subcortical loops. Firstly, cortico-subcortical functional loops are characterized using metrics such as integration and graph theory measures, showing differences in terms of connectivity between adult patients and healthy volunteers. Secondly, we show that the cortico-subcortical functional loops in patients are supported by the underlying anatomy

    Imagerie des faisceaux de fibres et des réseaux fonctionnels du cerveau (application à l'étude du syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette)

    No full text
    L'objectif de cette thèse est d'identifier et caractériser les boucles anatomiques et fonctionnelles cortico-sous-corticales chez l'Homme, à partir de données d'imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf) au repos et de diffusion. Une boucle est un ensemble de régions corticales, sous-corticales et cérébelleuses, qui interagissent afin d'effectuer ou de préparer une tâche.Le premier axe de ce travail vise à identifier les réseaux fonctionnels cortico-sous-corticaux en IRMf au repos. Nous proposons une méthode statistique robuste séparant l'analyse corticale de l'analyse sous-corticale. Une analyse en composantes indépendantes spatiales est d'abord réalisée individuellement sur les régions corticales, et suivie d'une classification hiérarchique. Les régions sous-corticales associées sont ensuite extraites par un modèle linéaire général dont les régresseurs comportent la dynamique des régions corticales, suivi d'une analyse de groupe à effets aléatoires. La méthode est validée sur deux jeux de données différents. Un atlas immunohistochimique des structures sous-corticales permet ensuite de déterminer la fonction sensorimotrice, associative ou limbique des réseaux obtenus. Nous montrons enfin que l'anatomie est un support pour la fonction chez des sujets sains.Le dernier axe étudie le syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette, qu'on pense être dû à un dysfonctionnement des boucles cortico-sous-corticales. Nous caractérisons d'abord les boucles cortico-sous-corticales fonctionnelles grâce à des métriques d'intégration et de théorie des graphes, et des différences en termes de connectivité sont mises en évidence entre patients adultes et volontaires sains. Nous montrons également que les boucles cortico-sous-corticales fonctionnelles chez les patients sont soutenues par l'anatomie sous-jacente.The objective of this thesis is to identify and characterize human anatomical and functional cortico-subcortical loops, using data from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion MRI. A loop is a set of cortical, subcortical and cerebellar regions that interact to perform or prepare for a task.We first aim to identify cortico-subcortical functional networks from resting-state fMRI data. We propose a robust statistical method that separates the analysis of cortical regions from that of subcortical structures. A spatial independent component analysis is first performed on individual cortical regions, followed by a hierarchical classification. The associated subcortical regions are then extracted by using a general linear model, the regressors of which contain the dynamics of the cortical regions, followed by a random-effect group analysis. The proposed approach is assessed on two different data sets. An immunohistochemical subcortical atlas is then used to determine the sensorimotor, associative or limbic function of the resulting networks. We finally demonstrate that anatomy is a support for function in healthy subjects.The last part is devoted to the study of the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, thought to be due to adysfunction of cortico-subcortical loops. Firstly, cortico-subcortical functional loops are characterized using metrics such as integration and graph theory measures, showing differences in terms of connectivity between adult patients and healthy volunteers. Secondly, we show that the cortico-subcortical functional loops in patients are supported by the underlying anatomy.PARIS11-SCD-Bib. électronique (914719901) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Cryptocurrencies and Blockchain: Opportunities and Limits of a New Monetary Regime

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    International audienceCryptocurrency innovations such as Bitcoin raise the question of the possible transformation of the monetary regime and how it would operate. The blockchain technology underlying Bitcoin is said to be “trustless” because it has been designed to avoid a “trusted third party.” Drawing on the institutionalist approach of Aglietta and Orléan emphasizing the importance of trust in money and the monetary system, we show that Bitcoin is characterized by: (1) methodical trust through the existence of an objective proof of payment; (2) hierarchical trust due to the concentration in the mining process; and (3) ethical trust organized around the rejection of banks and the state, although the early ethical commitment is unstable. In other words, trust is now materialized in a form of technical institution, the blockchain. However, Bitcoin cannot be used as everyday money as it would bring about a deflationist and dysfunctional monetary regime, as well as high transaction costs. Some other cryptocurrencies could lead to interesting transformations of the monetary regime if they were to provide new forms of sovereignty, avoid a design based on a fixed monetary supply, or if central banks decided to back them
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