A study of self concept of sixth graders in two settings : rural Appalachia and urban Piedmont

Literature on rural life frequently points out that the rural setting is characterized by greater homogeneity, integration, and personalism as compared to the urban setting. Since self concept develops out of the social setting of the individual, the differences between social settings should produce self concept differences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self concept and residential setting. The sample consisted of 86 sixth graders from three elementary schools located in a rural Appalachian region of North Carolina and 80 sixth graders from two elementary schools located in a North Carolina city with a population of 150,000. The primary instrument used to measure self concept was The Piers-Harris Children's Self Concept Scale, supplemented by use of the W-A-Y technique and a series of open-ended statements derived from the Piers- Harris scale. Primary interest was in the relationship of these measures to the rural and urban residential settings

Epigenetic marks are modulated by gender and time of the day in the hippocampi of adolescent rats : a preliminary study

Although the involvement of gender in epigenetic machinery in peripheral tissues during the neonatal period has been suggested, the gender-related epigenetic profile of brain areas during the adolescent period is rarely exploited. Furthermore, the influence of time of day on hippocampal acetylation marks has been demonstrated in young adult and aged rats; however, there are no studies reporting epigenetic changes in the adolescent period. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of gender on hippocampal DNA methyltransferase 1 content and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity of adolescent rats at different time points, specifically early morning and afternoon. Both epigenetic markers increased significantly in the hippocampi of female rats compared to the male group, an indicator of reduced transcriptional activity. In addition, HDAC activity during the early morning was higher compared to afternoon groups in both male and female rats, while DNA methyltransferase 1 content was not altered by the time of day. Our findings demonstrate that hippocampal DNA methylation and histone acetylation status can be influenced by gender during the adolescent period, while the time of the day impacts HDAC activity

METABOLISMO OXIDATIVO E ALTERAÇÕES HEMATOBIOQUÍMICAS EM EQUINOS COM LEPTOSPIROSE SUBCLÍNICA

A leptospirose é uma doença infectocontagiosa de caráter zoonótico, que afeta animais domésticos e silvestres, com grande importância para a saúde pública mundial. Nos animais, especialmente equinos, a doença se apresenta frequentemente de forma assintomática, entretanto, são considerados uma fonte de infecção para humanos e outras espécies. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar padrões do metabolismo oxidativo eritrocitário (glutationa e malondialdeído), fragilidade osmótica eritrocitária e hematobioquímicos em equinos com leptospirose subclínica para auxiliar no diagnóstico e prognóstico da infecção.  Para tal foram avaliados 207 equinos, positivos (n=94) e negativos (n= 113) para leptospirose. Os equinos com leptospirose apresentaram mais frequentemente anticorpos anti-leptospira dos sorogrupos L. Bratislava 37,23% (35/94), L. Icterohaemorrhagiae 23,4% (22/94) e L. Grippotyphosa 11,7% (11/94). As principais alterações observadas foram nos valores de hemoglobina, VGM, eosinófilos, glutationa reduzida eritrocitária, albumina e glicose (P<0,05). Estas alterações evidenciam que a leptospirose em equinos pode ser uma doença silenciosa, de difícil diagnóstico e prognóstico. Entretanto, as medidas de diagnóstico e vigilância devem ser ativas, pois os animais podem representar um reservatório para o agente e uma fonte potencial de infecção para seres humanos

Situações de urgência e emergência na atenção primária reguladas pelo SAMU

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar as principais situações de urgência e emergência que chegam aos serviços de atenção primária e que são encaminhadas para serviços de maior complexidade reguladas pelo serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência. Método: estudo longitudinal e prospectivo realizado em 21 unidades de saúde. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre junho de 2014 a maio de 2015. Resultados: foram realizadas 57 chamadas para o SAMU, sendo 28 originadas de unidades com estratégia de saúde da família. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 40,94+13,21 anos, a maioria era do sexo feminino e o sistema mais afetado foi o cardiovascular seguido pelo neurológico. Tempo médio de deslocamento para o SAMU chegar ao local do chamado foi 31,69±21,50 minutos. Os encaminhamentos realizados foram para unidade de pronto atendimento na sua maioria. Conclusão: alterações dos sistemas cardiovascular e neurológico foram as mais prevalentes dentre as situações reguladas pelo serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência na atenção primária. ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the main emergency and emergency situations that reach the primary care services and which are sent to more complex services regulated by the mobile emergency service. Method: A prospective longitudinal study performed in 21 health units. Data collection occurred between June 2014 and May 2015. Results: 57 calls were made to SAMU, 28 of which originated from units with a family health strategy. The mean age of the patients was 40.94 + 13.21 years, the majority was female and the system most affected was the cardiovascular followed by the neurological. Average travel time for the SAMU arriving at the named location was 31.69 ± 21.50 minutes. The referrals were made to the nearest emergency care unit. Conclusion: Changes in the cardiovascular and neurological systems were the most prevalent among the situations regulated by the emergency mobile service in primary care

Características clínicas e anatomo-histopatologicas da infecção experimental mista por Orthoreovirus aviario e Mycoplasma synoviae em frangos de corte

A artrite infecciosa em frangos de corte representa um problema sanitário e econômico de grande impacto, provocando perdas de produtividade e nos processos de produção e industrialização. Os principais agentes etiológicos associados aos casos de artrites e tenossinovites infecciosas em aves são Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) e Orthoreovirus aviario (ARV). Esse trabalho propôs investigar as alterações anatomohistopatológicas causadas pela infecção experimental concomitante por Mycoplasma synoviae e Orthoreovirus aviario em frangos de corte e confirmar a presença dos agentes através das técnicas de PCR e imuno-luorescência indireta (RIFI). Para tal foram utilizados 16 frangos de corte, alojados em cama, com fornecimento de ração e água ad libitum. A infecção experimental foi realizada utilizando amostras atenuadas de MS e de ARV. Clinicamente as aves inoculadas apresentaram apatia e edemaciação da região da articulação tíbiotársica. Após 30 dias procedeu-se a eutanásia e a necropsia das aves. Na análise histopatológica constatou-se o efeito da infecção mista com MS e ARV sobre os diferentes órgãos/tecidos. Todos os animais apresentaram quadro de artrite e tenossinovite caracterizado pela presença de infiltrado inflamatório linfohistiocitário difuso, com acúmulo de heterófilos na cápsula articular/membrana sinovial e tendão flexor digital. Além disso, foi possível observar infiltrado inflamatório na traquéia, nos pulmões e sacos aéreos, no fígado, baço, pericárdio e proventrículo. A utilização da RIFI foi necessária para visualizar a presença de ambos os agentes nas articulações, identificando a presença de antígenos do ARV e do MS. A técnica de PCR constatou positividade do MS na traquéia, pulmões/sacos aéreos, cápsula articular/membrana sinovial e liquido sinovial. Já para o ARV a PCR foi positiva em amostras de fígado, baço, cápsula articular/membrana sinovial e tendão flexor digital. Com base nas lesões observadas e nos dados da literatura, sugere-se a ação concomitante por MS e ARV nos diferentes tecidos

Asymptomatic cattle naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis present exacerbated tissue pathology and bacterial dissemination.

Rational discovery of novel immunodiagnostic and vaccine candidate antigens to control bovine tuberculosis (bTB) requires knowledge of disease immunopathogenesis. However, there remains a paucity of information on the Mycobacterium bovis-host immune interactions during the natural infection. Analysis of 247 naturally PPD+ M. bovis-infected cattle revealed that 92% (n = 228) of these animals were found to display no clinical signs, but presented severe as well as disseminated bTB-lesions at post-mortem examination. Moreover, dissemination of bTB-lesions positively correlated with both pathology severity score (Spearman r = 0.48; p<0.0001) and viable tissue bacterial loads (Spearman r = 0.58; p = 0.0001). Additionally, granuloma encapsulation negatively correlated with M. bovis growth as well as pathology severity, suggesting that encapsulation is an effective mechanism to control bacterial proliferation during natural infection. Moreover, multinucleated giant cell numbers were found to negatively correlate with bacterial counts (Spearman r = 0.25; p = 0.03) in lung granulomas. In contrast, neutrophil numbers in the granuloma were associated with increased M. bovis proliferation (Spearman r = 0.27; p = 0.021). Together, our findings suggest that encapsulation and multinucleated giant cells control M. bovis viability, whereas neutrophils may serve as a cellular biomarker of bacterial proliferation during natural infection. These data integrate host granuloma responses with mycobacterial dissemination and could provide useful immunopathological-based biomarkers of disease severity in natural infection with M. bovis, an important cattle pathogen

Epigenetic marks are modulated by gender and time of the day in the hippocampi of adolescent rats : a preliminary study

Although the involvement of gender in epigenetic machinery in peripheral tissues during the neonatal period has been suggested, the gender-related epigenetic profile of brain areas during the adolescent period is rarely exploited. Furthermore, the influence of time of day on hippocampal acetylation marks has been demonstrated in young adult and aged rats; however, there are no studies reporting epigenetic changes in the adolescent period. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of gender on hippocampal DNA methyltransferase 1 content and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity of adolescent rats at different time points, specifically early morning and afternoon. Both epigenetic markers increased significantly in the hippocampi of female rats compared to the male group, an indicator of reduced transcriptional activity. In addition, HDAC activity during the early morning was higher compared to afternoon groups in both male and female rats, while DNA methyltransferase 1 content was not altered by the time of day. Our findings demonstrate that hippocampal DNA methylation and histone acetylation status can be influenced by gender during the adolescent period, while the time of the day impacts HDAC activity

Epigenetic marks are modulated by gender and time of the day in the hippocampi of adolescent rats: A preliminary study

Although the involvement of gender in epigenetic machinery in peripheral tissues during the neonatal period has been suggested, the gender-related epigenetic profile of brain areas during the adolescent period is rarely exploited. Furthermore, the influence of time of day on hippocampal acetylation marks has been demonstrated in young adult and aged rats; however, there are no studies reporting epigenetic changes in the adolescent period. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of gender on hippocampal DNA methyltransferase 1 content and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity of adolescent rats at different time points, specifically early morning and afternoon. Both epigenetic markers increased significantly in the hippocampi of female rats compared to the male group, an indicator of reduced transcriptional activity. In addition, HDAC activity during the early morning was higher compared to afternoon groups in both male and female rats, while DNA methyltransferase 1 content was not altered by the time of day. Our findings demonstrate that hippocampal DNA methylation and histone acetylation status can be influenced by gender during the adolescent period, while the time of the day impacts HDAC activity

Clinical, histopathological, and hematological changes due to isoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura in piglets

ABSTRACT: Isoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an immune-mediated disease that causes severe hemorrhagic lesions and high mortality in piglets. The disease can occur early in newborn piglets (EITP) or late in 2- to 3-week old piglets (LITP). In this study, we analysed the clinical, pathological, and hematological aspects of 391 ITP cases (312 with EITP and 79 with LITP). In LIPT cases, morbidity and mortality rates were higher, with rates of 60% (morbidity) and 53% (mortality). The main clinicopathological findings in ITP cases were different patterns of hemorrhages organs and tissues. In EITP, clinical signs were characterized by extensive subcutaneous hemorrhages and death occurred within a few days; however, in LITP, often sudden death occurred. In macroscopic analysis, hemorrhagic diathesis was observed in all affected animals. In EITP, the most severe hemorrhagic lesions were integumentary, mainly in the dermis and epidermis. In LITP, visceral lesions were predominant, mainly in the epicardium and intestines. Microscopic bone marrow analysis revealed mild cellular hyperplasia in EITP and bone marrow aplasia in LITP. hematological analyses revealed leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia in all ITP-affected animals. However, fostering by a different sow was only efficient in controlling EITP and had little effect in LITP-symptomatic piglets, due to more severe lesions. Further studies on the etiopathogenesis of LITP are required to improve our understanding of this disease form