Improvement of galangin solubility using native and derivative cyclodextrins. An UV-Vis and NMR study

The slightly water-soluble flavonoid galangin (G) and its inclusion with either β-cyclodextrin (βCD), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) or Heptakis-2,6-O-di methyl-β-cyclodextrin (DMβCD) were investigated. The stoichiometric ratios and stability constants describing the extent of the formation of the complexes have been determined by phase-solubility measurements; in all cases type-AL diagrams have been obtained (soluble 1:1 complexes). The results showed that the complex efficiency of βCD and its derivatives was the order: DMβCD > HPβCD > βCD. The NMR study indicate that the inclusion of galangin in the cyclodextrin nano-cavity is different depending on the type of cyclodextrin used

Two-Dimensional Hybrid Halide Perovskite as Electrode Materials for All-Solid-State Lithium Secondary Batteries Based on Sulfide Solid Electrolytes

An all-solid-state lithium secondary battery using two-dimensional hybrid halide perovskite (2D-HHP) (CH3(CH2)(2)NH3)(2)(CH3NH3)(2)Pb3Br10 as electrode materials and sulfide-based solid electrolyte is fabricated for the first time. Although large amounts of lithium-ion conductor have been mixed in the electrodes of the all-solid-state batteries based on sulfide solid electrolytes, the high lithium-ion coefficient of the 2D-HHP, around 10(-7) cm(2) s(-1), allowed the suitable operation of the batteries without the addition of any lithium-ion conductors into the electrodes. The lithium-ion diffusion in the electrode improves with the temperature, showing a better performance at 100 degrees C and keeping a low resistance between electrode/electrolyte interface of 13 Omega. The all-solid-state battery retains a reversible capacity of more than 242 mAh g(-1) for 30 cycles at 0.13 mA cm(-2) with a negligible capacity fade. The mechanism of the lithium storage into the 2D-HHP electrode material based on ex-situ XRD measurements at different stages of the discharge-charge processes is suggested, consisting of a three-step reaction: Li+ insertion/extraction, conversion, and alloying-dealloying reactions

Use of breathing patterns for the transmission of mixed emotions in animated characters

[EN] This article summons the results of an applied research in digital animation based on the recording of breathing patterns and their respective body movements when expressing mixed or complex emotions. To collect this information, we have analyzed video capture of emotions performed by an actress specialized in the acting method Alba Emoting. Such an acting method is based on the analysis of three elements, to access and express emotions: body posture, facial gesture and breathing patterns. The first two are traditionally used in animation, while breathing patterns have been less used when trying to convey emotional messages. On the other hand, the method postulates that there are six basic emotions and that, from combinations of their effectors, the entire expressive range available to the human being can be accessed. The results allow the construction of an experimental three-dimensional model to test how the breathing patterns can open access to a series of mixed emotions, which are difficult to convey using only body posture and facial gestures. These results are arranged in a matrix that picks out the effectors of the six basic emotions to produce a wide range of mixed or complex emotions. Finally, the essay proposes a practical methodology to build an animated sequence that expresses mixed emotions based on breathing patterns. [ES] El presente artículo expone los resultados de una investigación aplicada en animación digital a partir del registro de los patrones respiratorios y sus respectivos movimientos corporales a la hora de expresar emociones mixtas o complejas. Para recabar esta información, se ha trabajado con el registro audiovisual y análisis de dichas emociones a partir de la colaboración de una actriz especializada en el método actoral Alba Emoting, método actoral basado en el análisis de tres elementos, o efectores, para el acceso y la expresión de las emociones: postura corporal, gesto facial y patrones respiratorios. Los dos primeros se han usado ampliamente en animación, mientras que los patrones respiratorios han sido utilizados en menor medida cuando el objetivo es transmitir mensajes emocionales. Por otra parte, el método postula que existen seis emociones básicas y que, a partir de combinaciones de los efectores de aquéllas se puede acceder a todo el rango expresivo del ser humano. Los resultados permiten construir un modelo tridimensional experimental de cómo la respiración puede dar acceso a una serie de emociones mixtas, que son difíciles de representar utilizando solamente postura corporal y gesto facial. Estos resultados se ordenan en una matriz que identifica los efectores de las seis emociones básicas y los reordena para producir un rango amplio de emociones mixtas o complejas. Finalmente, se propone una metodología práctica para construir una secuencia animada que exprese emociones mixtas representadas usando como base los patrones respiratorios.Freire, C.; Vergara-Perucich, F.; Jullian Suárez, C.; Berridge, G. (2022). Utilización de patrones respiratorios en la transmisión de emociones mixtas en personajes animados. Con A de animación. (14):126-141. https://doi.org/10.4995/caa.2022.171441261411

Complete assignment of the 13C NMR spectra of 4,4-dimethylanthracene-1,9,10(4H)-trione and the regioisomeric monomethyl derivatives

The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of a set of structurally related tricyclic quinones consisting of 4,4-dimethylanthracene-1,9,10(4H)-trione (1), 4,4,6,7-tetramethylanthracene-1,9,10(4H)-trione (2) and the regioisomers 4,4,5-(3), 4,4,6-(4), 4,4,7-(5) and 4,4,8-trimethylanthracene-1,9,10(4H)-trione (6) were assigned completely using two-dimensional techniques. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Complete assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of 2-phenyl-3H-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazin-3-one, 2-p-methoxyphenylnaphtho[1,2-d] oxazole and 2-phenylnaphtho[1,2-d]oxazole. Concerted use of one-and two-dimensional NMR techniques

The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of 2-phenyl-3H-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazin-3-one, 2-p-methoxyphenylnaphtho[1,2-d]oxazole and 2-phenylnaphtho[1,2-d]oxazole were totally assigned using a combination of one-and two-dimensional NMR techniques. In addition to correlation of the proton signals by a COSY spectrum and one-bond heteronuclear correlation, complete assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of these heterocyclic compounds required the application of long-range CH coupling information, particularly for quaternary resonance assignments and for orientations of individual spin systems relative to one another. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Complete assignment of the C-13 NMR spectra of 4,4-dimethylanthracene-1,9,10(4H)-trione and the regioisomeric monomethyl derivatives

The H-1 and C-13 NMR spectra of a set of structurally related tricyclic quinones consisting of 4,4-dimethylanthracene-1,9,10(4H)-trione (1), 4,4,6,7-tetramethylanthracene-1,9,10(4H)-trione (2) and the regioisomers 4,4,5- (3), 4,4,6- (4), 4,4,7- (5) and 4,4,8-trimethylanthracene-1,9,10(4H)-trione (6) were assigned completely using two-dimensional techniques

Spectroscopic characterization of the inclusion complexes of luteolin with native and derivatized β-cyclodextrin

The inclusion complexes of Luteolin (LU) with cyclodextrins (CDs) including β-cyclodextrin (βCD), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin (DMβCD), Scheme 1, have been investigated using the method of steady-state fluorescence. The stoichiometric ratio of the three complexes was found to be 1:1 and the stability constants (K) were estimated from spectrofluorometric titrations, as well as the thermodynamic parameters. Maximum inclusion ability was obtained in the case of HPβCD followed by DMβCD and βCD. Moreover, 1H NMR and 2D NMR were carried out, revealing that LU has different form of inclusion which is in agreement with molecular modeling studies. These models confirm that when LU-βCD and LU-DMβCD complexes are formed, the B-ring is oriented toward the primary rim; however, for LU-HPβCD complex this ring is oriented toward the secondary rim. The ESR results showed that the antioxidant activity of luteolin was the order LU-HPβCD > LU-DMβCD > LU-βCD > LU, henc