Burden and modifications in life from the perspective of caregivers for patients after stroke

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the impact that caring has on a member of the family caring for a patient after a cerebrovascular accident, correlating life modifications and mental suffering with the perceived burden. METHOD: a cross-sectional, quantitative study, undertaken in January-April 2010 in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. RESULT: 61 individuals were investigated, monitored by three hospitals' Home Care Program. Data collection was through interviews for identifying life changes, and through the application of three scales for investigating perceived burden, mental state and mental suffering. Respectively these were the Caregiver Burden Scale (CBS), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Self Reported Questionnaire (SRQ). The majority of the carers were female, married, and the children of the stroke patients. The average age was 48.2 years (±12.4). The most-cited life modifications referred to the daily routine, to leisure activities, and to exhaustion or tiredness. Regarding burden, the dimensions of General tension, Isolation and Disappointment stood out. It was ascertained that overload was more severe when the carer presented more symptoms of psychological distress, in the absence of a secondary carer, and when the principal carers reported perceiving changes in their bodies and health. CONCLUSION: an association between burden and the carer's mental state was not observed. Understanding the care, through analysis of the burden and of the knowledge of the biopsychosocial situation will provide support for the nurse's work in reducing the overload for family caregivers.OBJETIVO: analizar el impacto del cuidar para el cuidador familiar de paciente después de accidente vascular cerebral, correlacionando modificaciones de vida y sufrimiento psíquico con la sobrecarga percibida. MÉTODO: estudio transversal, cuantitativo, realizado de enero a abril de 2010, en Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. RESULTADO: se investigaron 61 individuos, acompañados por el Programa de Servicio Domiciliar de tres hospitales. La colecta de los datos ocurrió mediante entrevista para identificar modificaciones de vida, y con la aplicación de tres escalas para investigar la sobrecarga percibida, estado mental y sufrimiento psíquico. Son ellas, respectivamente: Caregiver Burden Scale (CBS), Mini Examen del Estado Mental (MEEM) y Self Reported Questionnaire (SRQ). Los cuidadores, en su mayoría, eran del sexo femenino, casados (as) e hijo (as) de los pacientes después del AVC. Edad Media de 48,2 años (±12,4). Las modificaciones de vida más citadas fueron referentes a la rutina diaria, a las actividades de ocio y agotamiento o cansancio. En cuanto a la sobrecarga, se destacaron las dimensiones Tensión general, Aislamiento y Decepción. Se verificó mayor sobrecarga cuanto más síntomas de sufrimiento psíquico el cuidador presentase, en la ausencia de cuidador secundario y cuando los cuidadores principales relataron percibir modificación en el cuerpo y en la salud. CONCLUSIÓN: no fue observada asociación de la sobrecarga con el estado mental del cuidador. Entender la coyuntura del cuidado, mediante análisis del recargo de trabajo, y del conocimiento de la situación biopsicosocial, suministrará subsidios para la actuación del enfermero para reducir la carga generada para los cuidadores familiares.OBJETIVO: analisar o impacto do cuidar para o cuidador familiar de paciente após acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), correlacionando modificações de vida e sofrimento psíquico com a sobrecarga percebida. MÉTODO: estudo transversal, quantitativo, realizado de janeiro a abril de 2010, em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. RESULTADO: investigaram-se 61 indivíduos, acompanhados pelo Programa de Atendimento Domiciliar (PAD), de três hospitais. A coleta dos dados ocorreu mediante entrevista para identificar modificações de vida, e com a aplicação de três escalas para investigar sobrecarga percebida, estado mental e sofrimento psíquico. São elas, respectivamente: Caregiver Burden Scale (CBS), Miniexame do Estado Mental (MEEM) e Self Reported Questionnaire (SRQ). Os cuidadores, na sua maioria, eram do sexo feminino, casados(as) e filho(as) dos pacientes após AVC. A média de idade era de 48,2 anos (±12,4). As modificações de vida mais citadas foram referentes à rotina diária, às atividades de lazer e esgotamento ou cansaço. Quanto à sobrecarga, destacaram-se as dimensões tensão geral, isolamento e decepção. Verificou-se maior sobrecarga quanto mais sintomas de sofrimento psíquico o cuidador apresentasse, na ausência de cuidador secundário e quando os cuidadores principais relataram perceber modificação no corpo e na saúde. CONCLUSÃO: não foi observada associação da sobrecarga com o estado mental do cuidador. Entender a conjuntura do cuidado, mediante análise da sobrecarga de trabalho, e do conhecimento da situação biopsicossocial fornecerá subsídios para a atuação do enfermeiro para reduzir a carga gerada para os cuidadores familiares

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others