SUMMARY OF GOVERNMENTAL FINANCES IN MINNESOTA FOR USE IN 1976-77

Public Economics,

Safety profile of oxcarbazepine: results from a prescription-event monitoring study

Purpose: To monitor safety of oxcarbazepine, prescribed in primary care in England, using prescription-event monitoring (PEM). Methods: Postmarketing surveillance using observational cohort technique of PEM. Exposure data were obtained from dispensed British National Health Service prescriptions issued by general practitioners (GPs) March 2000–July 2003. Demographic, drug utilization, and clinical event data were collected from questionnaires posted to GPs at least 6 months after first prescription date for each patient. Incidence densities (IDs) (number of first reports per 1,000 patient-months of treatment) were calculated and differences for events reported in month 1 (ID1) and months 2–6 (ID2–6) (99% confidence intervals) were examined for changes in event rates. Follow-up and causality assessment of medically significant events were undertaken. Results: The cohort comprised 2,243 patients [mean age 40.4 years; range 2–99 years; standard deviation (SD) 18.8; 46.3% (n = 1,038) male]. Most frequently reported primary indications were epilepsy, convulsion (n = 1,111; 49.5%, n = 209; 9.3%, respectively). GPs recorded 932 reasons for stopping medication in 698 (31.1%) patients; most frequent clinical reason “drowsiness/sedation” (n = 57; 2.5% of cohort). Clinical events (excluding indication) associated with starting treatment (lower 99% CI > 0) included: “drowsiness/sedation” (ID1-ID2–6 = 14.2), “nausea/vomiting” (ID1-ID2–6 = 13.0), and dizziness (ID1-ID2–6 = 11.6). Events followed up and assessed as probably related to oxcarbazepine use included rash (7 of 11) and hyponatremia (15 of 38). Discussion:  There were no serious adverse drug reactions reported during this study. Results of the study should be taken in context with other epidemiologic studies

USING CENSUS BUREAU STATISTICS ON GOVERNMENTAL FINANCES

This report (1) briefly describes the way in which Census Bureau statistics on governmental finances are collected, (2) provides some guidelines concerning the use of these statistics, (3) defines some of the terms used in classifying governmental finances, and (4) lists the major publications on state and local governments issued by the Census Bureau.Public Economics,

Passenger Flows in Underground Railway Stations and Platforms, MTI Report 12-43

Urban rail systems are designed to carry large volumes of people into and out of major activity centers. As a result, the stations at these major activity centers are often crowded with boarding and alighting passengers, resulting in passenger inconvenience, delays, and at times danger. This study examines the planning and analysis of station passenger queuing and flows to offer rail transit station designers and transit system operators guidance on how to best accommodate and manage their rail passengers. The objectives of the study are to: 1) Understand the particular infrastructural, operational, behavioral, and spatial factors that affect and may constrain passenger queuing and flows in different types of rail transit stations; 2) Identify, compare, and evaluate practices for efficient, expedient, and safe passenger flows in different types of station environments and during typical (rush hour) and atypical (evacuations, station maintenance/ refurbishment) situations; and 3) Compile short-, medium-, and long-term recommendations for optimizing passenger flows in different station environments

A summary of research relating to first grade reading, 1932-1963

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston UniversityProblem: An attempt to compare the rate of learning of colorful and abstract words of children in grade one. Materials: 1. Thirty words were selected to be used in three groups of ten words each. Each list consisted of five colorful and five abstract words. Colorful words are those which have much meaning for children and abstract words are those with little meaning. The words were printed on 3 x 11 inch flash cards in lower case letters. 2. Check sheets were made with spaces for checking the retention of words at three different times and pictures were made to enrich the colorful words. 3. Directions were prepared and given to each teacher who participated in the study. 4. Kuhlmann-Anderson Intelligence Test: Battery A. 5. Detroit Word Recognition Test: Form A [TRUNCATED

Foreword

This work reports on the performances of ohmic contacts fabricated on highly p-type doped 4H-SiC epitaxial layer selectively grown by vapor-liquid-solid transport. Due to the very high doping level obtained, the contacts have an ohmic behavior even without any annealing process. Upon variation of annealing temperatures, it was shown that both 500 and 800 °C annealing temperature lead to a minimum value of the Specific Contact Resistance (SCR) down to 1.3×10−6 Ω⋅cm2. However, a large variation of the minimum SCR values has been observed (up to 4×10−4 Ω⋅cm2). Possible sources of this fluctuation have been also discussed in this paper

The RNA-binding protein HuR contributes to neuroinflammation by promoting C-C chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) expression on Th17 cells.

In both multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the C-C chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) is critical for pathogenic T helper 17 (Th17) cell migration to the central nervous system (CNS). Whereas many cytokines and their receptors are potently regulated via post-transcriptional mechanisms in response to various stimuli, how CCR6 expression is post-transcriptionally regulated in Th17 cells is unknown. Here, using RNA-binding protein HuR conditional knock-out (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice, we present evidence that HuR post-transcriptionally regulates CCR6 expression by binding to and stabilizing Ccr6 mRNA and by promoting CCR6 translation. We also found that HuR down-regulates several microRNA expressions, which could target the 3\u27-UTR of Ccr6 mRNA for decay. Accordingly, knock-out of HuR reduced CCR6 expression on Th17 cells and impaired their migration to CNS compared with the response of WT Th17 cells and thereby ameliorated EAE. Together, these findings highlight how HuR contributes to Th17 cell-mediated autoimmune neuroinflammation and support the notion that targeting HuR might be a potential therapeutic intervention for managing autoimmune disorders of the CNS

Localized organic agri-food supply chains in Rhône-Alpes (France): diversity of organisations and highlights of the notion of proximity

For ten years, innovative forms of distribution of organic products have emerged between long and short supply chains. They are often defined as "localized agrifood systems". We based this work on the analysis of 18 localized agrifood systems in the Rhône-Alpes region (France). First, it presents the dynamics of construction and organization of these agrifood systems: diversity of actors involved, relationships between actors and rules that have been gradually established. We used the concept of geographical and relational proximity to analyse these supply chains and to highlight the mechanisms implemented to address the limits of short supply chains, particularly an increasing number of intermediaries. Then we assessed their performances with regard to the advantages commonly given to short supply chains. Finally we demonstrated that localized supply chains are in some cases a way towards conventionalisation of organic agriculture and in others a form of mitigation of the agribusiness model