Extraperitoneal Leiomyoma of the Round Ligament. Case Report

Fibromyoma of the round ligament should be considered as a possible etiology for a large preperitoneal tumor. We report a case of a 44-year-old female who was found to have a fibroleiomyoma that measured 14 cm, weighed 3599 gr and had grown in the abdominal wall between the muscle and the peritoneum, taking as its starting point the right round ligament

Molecular estimates of similarity in Eucalyptus globulus

The base populations used in most forest tree genetic improvement programs usually lack detailed pedigree information. Molecular markers, such as microsatellites (SSR), can be used to estimate individuals’ pairwise relatedness, which is based on the probabilities’ ratios of the identity in state between the individuals compared and the reference unrelated population These estimates can be very useful to infer the level of relationship among sub-populations of elite material and/or for the design of controlled crosses between putatively unrelated parents. Using 113 putatively unrelated individuals - genotyped with 18 SSR - self, full-sib, half-sib and unrelated were simulated, and four pairwise similarity coefficients were tested: Queller & Goodnight 1989; Li et al. 1993; Ritland 1996, and Lynch & Ritland 1999. The Lynch & Ritland (1999) coefficient was selected (Figure 1), for it displayed a better adjustment with the expected level of relatedness and narrower standard errors (SE). SE were calculated through Monte- Carlo techniques, to avoid unequal sample size bias, by using 105 simulations for each relatedness group. To illustrate the usefulness of molecular estimates of similarity in genetic improvement programs, a clustering (UPGMA) based on the pairwise Lynch & Ritland (1999) coefficient (LR) values was performed to infer about the putative relationship among individuals of the subgroups of E. globulus elite individuals. From that analysis at least two pairs might be related and a PCA analysis confirmed the clustering results

Origins and diversity of the Portuguese Landrace of Eucalyptus globulus

The Portuguese Landrace of Eucalyptus globulus is of unknown origin, with the earliest plantings of this tree species dating back to the early 19th century. In Portugal it is currently a major seed source for plantations and is also used in breeding programs. Eucalyptus globulus is native to south-eastern Australia. The substantial genetic differentiation of chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers between different native geographic races of this species allowed us to uncover the Australian origins of the Portuguese Landrace and to study its genetic diversity. To achieve this, we sequenced a highly polymorphic region of chloroplast DNA from 47 Portuguese Landrace individuals, and genotyped 34 of these using seven nuclear microsatellites. We compared these individuals to those in a database comprising chloroplast DNA sequence profiles from 292 native trees and seven nuclear microsatellites from 372 native trees. The majority of the Portuguese Landrace samples had closest affinities, in both marker systems, to native trees from south-eastern Tasmania, but some had affinities to trees from south-eastern Victoria. The discrepancies in the affinities indicated by chloroplast versus nuclear DNA markers could be explained by inter-race hybridisation after introduction. The genetic diversity in the Portuguese Landrace was less than that found in native E. globulus at the species level, but was similar to the average diversity found in native races of the species. This study demonstrates the power of using independent marker systems to identify the origins and diversity of domesticated populations, by comparison with variation in native stands

Reference Genes for High-Throughput Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR Analysis of Gene Expression in Organs and Tissues of Eucalyptus Grown in Various Environmental Conditions

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Interest in the genomics of Eucalyptus has skyrocketed thanks to the recent sequencing of the genome of Eucalyptus grandis and to a growing number of large-scale transcriptomic studies. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) is the method of choice for gene expression analysis and can now also be used as a high-throughput method. The selection of appropriate internal controls is becoming of utmost importance to ensure accurate expression results in Eucalyptus. To this end, we selected 21 candidate reference genes and used high-throughput microfluidic dynamic arrays to assess their expression among a large panel of developmental and environmental conditions with a special focus on wood-forming tissues. We analyzed the expression stability of these genes by using three distinct statistical algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder and delta Ct), and used principal component analysis to compare methods and rankings. We showed that the most stable genes identified depended not only on the panel of biological samples considered but also on the statistical method used. We then developed a comprehensive integration of the rankings generated by the three methods and identified the optimal reference genes for 17 distinct experimental sets covering 13 organs and tissues, as well as various developmental and environmental conditions. The expression patterns of Eucalyptus master genes EgMYB1 and EgMYB2 experimentally validated our selection. Our findings provide an important resource for the selection of appropriate reference genes for accurate and reliable normalization of gene expression data in the organs and tissues of Eucalyptus trees grown in a range of conditions including abiotic stresses.531221012116Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-2010-KBBE-007-01]Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III (UPS)Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) [P-KBBE/AGR_GPL/0001/2010, PTDC/AGR-GPL/098179/2008, PEst-OE/EQB/LA0004/2011]INTEREG IVB SudoE project InterbioLaboratoire d'Excellence (LABEX) project entitled TULIP [ANR-10-LABX-41]China Scholarship CouncilFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FCT [SFRH/BD/72982/2010]Departament d'Universitats, Recerca i Societat de la Informacio de la Generalitat de CatalunyaFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-2010-KBBE-007-01]Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) [P-KBBE/AGR_GPL/0001/2010, PTDC/AGR-GPL/098179/2008, PEst-OE/EQB/LA0004/2011]Laboratoire d'Excellence (LABEX) project entitled TULIP [ANR-10-LABX-41]FAPESP [FAPESP]FCT [SFRH/BD/72982/2010