"Warum soll man Arbeiter bleiben?" Bildungsaufstieg in einer Familie türkischer Herkunft

Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit Bildungsaspirationen und Bildungsaufstiegen in Familien mit türkischem Migrationshintergrund. Die hohen Bildungsaspirationen in diesen Familien werden im Zusammenhang mit der Migration als Teil eines Projekts der sozialen Mobilität gedeutet. Auf der Grundlage einer Fallstudie wird analysiert, wie Bildungsaspirationen intergenerational weitergegeben werden. Außerdem werden die familiären Ressourcen, die den Bildungsaufstieg unterstützen, untersucht. Die Analyse basiert auf biografisch-narrativen Interviews mit Eltern und Söhnen türkischer Herkunft.This article deals with educational aspirations and educational advancement in families with Turkish migration background. The high educational aspirations in these families are interpreted in relation to their own migration as a project of social mobility. Based on a case study, it will be analysed how educational aspirations are handed down intergenerationally as well as the ways in which the educational advancement is supported by the family. The analysis is based on biographical-narrative interviews with parents and sons of Turkish origin

Emerging Adulthood, soziale Benachteiligung und transnationale Migration

Emerging Adulthood ist von Arnett (2000) als eine Lebensphase der Selbstfindung und der Instabilität zwischen der Adoleszenz und dem Erwachsenenalter vorgeschlagen worden. Auf der Grundlage einer Fallstudie fragen wir in diesem Beitrag, wie transnationale Migrationserfahrungen diese Phase beeinflussen. Gleichzeitig reflektieren wir, inwiefern das Konzept der Emerging Adulthood im Kontext von Jugend, transnationaler Migration und sozialer Benachteiligung angemessen ist. Arnetts Konzept betrachten wir eher als ein Narrativ, das zentrale gesellschaftlichen Erwartungen artikuliert. Auf diese Weise eignet es sich als sensibilisierendes Konzept, um Verhältnisse zu beschreiben, die diesen Erwartungen verletzen.Emerging adulthood has been proposed by Arnett (2000) as an extended period of exploration and instability between adolescence and adulthood. Based on a case study, we ask how transnational migration experiences influence this period. In parallel, we also reflect on the adequacy of the concept of emerging adulthood for the study of youth and transnational migration in conditions of social disadvantage. We regard Arnett’s concept as a narrative that articulates central social expectations. As such, it can serve as a sensitizing concept to describe conditions that violate these expectations

The consecutive disparity index, D : a measure of temporal variability in ecological studies

Temporal variability in ecological processes has attracted the attention of many disciplines in ecology, which has resulted in the development of several quantitative indices. The coefficient of variation (CV = standard deviation × mean−1) is still one of the most commonly used indices to assess temporal variability, despite being known to present several problems on its assessment (e.g., mean dependence or high sensitivity to rare events). The proportional variability (PV) index was developed to solve some of the CV's drawbacks, but, so far, no variability index takes into account the chronological order of the values in time series. In this paper, we introduce the consecutive disparity index (D), a temporal variability index that takes into account the chronological order of the values, assessing the average rate of change between consecutive values. We used computer simulations and empirical data for fruit production in trees, bird counts, and rodent captures to compare the behavior of D, PV, and CV under different scenarios. D was sensitive to changes in temporal autocorrelation in the negative autocorrelation range, and CV and PV were sensitive in the positive autocorrelation range despite not considering the chronological order of the values. The CV, however, was highly dependent on the mean of the time series, while D and PV were not. Our results demonstrate that, like PV, D solves many of the problems of the CV index while taking into account the chronological order of values in time series. The mathematical and statistical features of D make it a suitable index for analyzing temporal variability in a wide range of ecological studies

SYNTAX Score is associated with worse outcomes after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery for three-vessel or left main complex coronary disease

ObjectiveThe SYNergy between percutaneous intervention with TAXus drug eluting stents and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) Score is a tool for risk stratification of patients according to the complexity of coronary lesions developed during the SYNTAX trial. We examined the influence of the SYNTAX Score on the incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events.MethodsAll patients with de novo left main or 3-vessel disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting from January 2005 to December 2008 at our institution (Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain) were retrospectively assessed, and their SYNTAX Score was calculated. The influence of the SYNTAX Score on postprocedural and follow-up mortality and combined major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (including death, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, and repeat revascularization) was identified by multivariate analysis. Balancing score analysis was performed to eliminate the effect of potential confounders.ResultsA total of 716 patients were enrolled. Mean SYNTAX Score was 34.5 (standard deviation, 6.7; range, 11.5–76). Three groups of patients were identified according to the score terciles: low (≤33), intermediate (33–37), and high (>37). These terciles scores differed greatly from those reported by the SYNTAX trial investigators. The multivariate analysis identified that the SYNTAX Score was associated with follow-up mortality (hazard ratio = 1.046, P = .015) and combined early and follow-up major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (odds ratio = 1.079, P < .001; and hazard ratio = 1.034, P = .026, respectively). Balancing score-adjusted analyses demonstrated that the SYNTAX Score was independently associated with early and late major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (odds ratio = 1.65, P < .001; and hazard ratio = 1.034, P = .027, respectively).ConclusionsSYNTAX Score was remarkably high among patients undergoing surgical off-pump myocardial revascularization at our institution. In this subset of patients, a higher SYNTAX Score was associated with a higher incidence of in-hospital and follow-up major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events after coronary artery bypass grafting, but not with early or late mortality

Olive oil preparation determines the atherosclerotic protection in apolipoprotein E knockout mice

Oils enriched in monounsaturated fatty acids do not seem to behave similarly in protecting against the development of atherosclerosis in animal models, which has been attributed to the presence of soluble phenolic compounds. To test the relevance of other components of oils in the prevention of atherosclerosis, two olive oils from the same cultivar devoid of soluble phenolic compounds were prepared using different procedures (pressure or centrifugation), characterized and fed to apolipoprotein E-deficient mice as 10% (w/w) of their diet. The 2 olive oils had similar levels of monounsaturated fatty acids and squalene, but they differed in their content of linoleic, phytosterols, tocopherols, triterpenes and waxes, which were particularly enriched in the test olive oil obtained by centrifugation. In mice that received a diet enriched in the olive oil derived through centrifugation, the progression of atherosclerosis was delayed compared to the mice that received standard olive oil. That effect was associated with decreases in plasma triglycerides, total and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and isoprostane 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α. Our results clearly indicate that the preparation of olive oil is crucial in determining its antiatherosclerotic effect, which extends beyond the presence of phenolic compounds. The test olive oil exerted its antiatherosclerotic effects by modifying plasma lipids and oxidative stress, and it might be a good candidate to replace other fats in functional foods.This research was supported by grants FEGA-FEOGA (CAO99-014), CICYT (SAF2004-08173-C03-02 and AGL2002-00495), Junta de Andalucía (CAO01-002), FISS 01/0202, Redes DGA (A-26) and FISS de investigación cooperativa C03-01 and G03-140 and by Fundación Española del Corazón.Peer reviewe