OOPS! – OntOlogy Pitfalls Scanner!

The application of methodologies for building ontologies has improved the ontology quality. However, such a quality is not totally guaranteed because of the difficulties involved in ontology modelling. These difficulties are related to the inclusion of anomalies or worst practices in the modelling. Several authors have provided lists of typical anomalies detected in ontologies during the last decade. In this context, our aim in this technical report is to describe OOPS! (OntOlogy Pitfalls Scanner!), a tool for pitfalls detection in ontology developments

A Double Classification of Common Pitfalls in Ontologies

The application of methodologies for building ontologies has improved the ontology quality. However, such a quality is not totally guaranteed because of the difficulties involved in ontology modelling. These difficulties are related to the inclusion of anomalies or worst practices in the modelling. In this context, our aim in this paper is twofold: (1) to provide a catalogue of common worst practices, which we call pitfalls, and (2) to present a double classification of such pitfalls. These two products will serve in the ontology development in two ways: (a) to avoid the appearance of pitfalls in the ontology modelling, and (b) to evaluate and correct ontologies to improve their quality

Pattern for Re-engineering a Classification Scheme, which Follows the Adjacency List Data Model, to a Taxonomy

This pattern for re-engineering non-ontological resources (pr-nor) fits in the schema re-engineering category proposed by [3]. The pattern defines a procedure that transforms the classification scheme components into ontology representational primitives. This pattern comes from the experience of ontology engineers in developing ontologies using classification schemes in several projects (seemp 1 , neon 2 , and knowledge web 3 ). The pattern is included in a pool of patterns, which is a key element of our method for re-engineering non-ontological resources into ontologies [2]. The patterns generate the ontologies at a conceptualization level, independent of the ontology implementation language

Evolución en el uso de las TICs: pasado, presente y futuro. Una experiencia en Programación Lógica

En este artículo se presenta una experiencia en el uso de diversas TICs en dos asignaturas relacionadas con programación lógica que se imparten en la Ingeniería en Informática (Facultad de Informática, UPM). El uso de TICs en dichas asignaturas se centró en el pasado en tecnologías propias de la Web 1.0 (p.ej., las listas de correos y las páginas Web). En la actualidad se están utilizando dichas tecnologías de la Web 1.0 en combinación con un entorno virtual de enseñanza-aprendizaje (concretamente Moodle). En el futuro cercano se plantea el uso integrado de tecnologías de la Web 2.0 (p.ej, el wiki) en un entorno virtual de enseñanza-aprendizaje

Globalization and Multiculturalism in Colombia

Este escrito busca explicar brevemente las consecuencias que trae a nuestra sociedad colombiana lo que hoy llamamos como el “fenómeno de la globalización”. Se analiza el tema desde tres puntos específicos: la interpretación de la historia, la multiculturalidad colombiana, y el entendimiento de la globalización como uniculturalidad. Estos aspectos ayudan a comprender de manera más abierta las consecuencias favorables y desfavorables de esta llamada globalización

Hacia la preparación de nanoestrellas plasmónicas Quirales

[Abstract] Plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit extraordinary optical properties that stem from their ability to sustain localized surface plasmon resonances. These resonances can be finely tuned by carefully controlling the morphology of the particles, allowing for optimization across a diverse range of applications. Recently, preparing chiral morphologies for these NPs has received considerable attention because it may provide important advantages in fields such as biomedicine. Thus, this undergraduate project focuses on the preparation of a novel type of plasmonic chiral NPs, i.e., chiral gold nanostars. This TFG has been divided into three parts. The first part focuses on synthesizing and characterizing achiral gold nanostars, utilizing UV-Vis spectroscopy and TEM to analyze their morphological and optical properties. The second part involved attempting to introduce chirality into the gold nanostars by replacing the previous surfactant with a chiral one. Unfortunately, the desired results were not achieved. Consequently, in the third part, a new chiral surfactant was synthesized, although due to the project's limited duration, the verification of its effect on achieving chirality in the gold nanostars could not be completed. The chiral surfactant was characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy, and MS spectrometry.{Resumo] As nanopartículas plasmónicas (NPs) presentan propiedades ópticas extraordinarias que se derivan da súa capacidade para manter as resonancias plasmónicas de superficie localizadas. Estas resonancias pódense afinar controlando coidadosamente a morfoloxía das partículas, permitindo a optimización nunha ampla gama de aplicacións. Recentemente, a preparación de morfoloxías quirais para estes NP recibiu unha atención considerable porque pode proporcionar importantes vantaxes en campos como a biomedicina. Polo tanto, este proxecto de pregrado céntrase na preparación dun novo tipo de NPs quirais plasmónicas, as nanoestrelas quirais de ouro. Este TFG dividiuse en tres partes. A primeira parte céntrase na síntese e caracterización de nanoestrelas aquirales de ouro, utilizando espectroscopia UV-Vis e TEM para analizar as súas propiedades morfolóxicas e ópticas. A segunda parte consistiu en intentar introducir quiralidade nas nanoestrelas de ouro substituíndo o tensioactivo anterior por outro quiral. Desafortunadamente, non se conseguiron os resultados desexados. En consecuencia, na terceira parte, sintetizouse un novo surfactante quiral, aínda que debido á limitada duración do proxecto non se puido completar a verificación do seu efecto na consecución da quiralidade nas nanoestrelas de ouro. O surfactante quiral caracterizouse por espectroscopia 1H-RMN, 13C-RMN e espectrometría MS.[Resumen] Las nanopartículas plasmónicas (NPs) exhiben propiedades ópticas extraordinarias que se derivan de su capacidad para sostener resonancias de plasmones superficiales localizadas. Estas resonancias se pueden ajustar con precisión controlando cuidadosamente la morfología de las partículas, lo que permite la optimización en una amplia gama de aplicaciones. Recientemente, la preparación de morfologías quirales para estas NPs ha recibido una atención considerable porque puede proporcionar importantes ventajas en campos como la biomedicina. Por lo tanto, este proyecto de pregrado se centra en la preparación de un nuevo tipo de NP quirales plasmónicas, las nanoestrellas de oro quirales. Este TFG se ha dividido en tres partes. La primera parte se centra en sintetizar y caracterizar nanoestrellas de oro aquirales, utilizando espectroscopia UV-Vis y TEM para analizar sus propiedades morfológicas y ópticas. La segunda parte consistió en intentar introducir quiralidad en las nanoestrellas de oro reemplazando el surfactante anterior por uno quiral. Desafortunadamente, no se lograron los resultados deseados. En consecuencia, en la tercera parte, se sintetizó un nuevo surfactante quiral, aunque debido a la duración limitada del proyecto, no se pudo completar la verificación de su efecto para lograr la quiralidad en las nanoestrellas de oro. El tensioactivo quiral se caracterizó mediante espectroscopia 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR y espectrometría MS.Traballo fin de grao (UDC.CIE). Química. Curso 2022/202

A Pattern Based Approach for Re-engineering Non-Ontological Resources into Ontologies

With the goal of speeding up the ontology development process, ontology engineers are starting to reuse as much as possible available ontologies and non-ontological resources such as classification schemes, thesauri, lexicons and folksonomies, that already have some degree of consensus. The reuse of such non-ontological resources necessarily involves their re-engineering into ontologies. Non-ontological resources are highly heterogeneous in their data model and contents: they encode different types of knowledge, and they can be modeled and implemented in different ways. In this paper we present (1) a typology for non-ontological resources, (2) a pattern based approach for re-engineering non-ontological resources into ontologies, and (3) a use case of the proposed approach

Results of Taxonomic Evaluation of RDF(S) and DAML+OIL Ontologies using RDF(S) and DAML+OIL Validation Tools and Ontology Platforms Import Services

Before using RDF(S) and DAML+OIL ontologies in Semantic Web applications, its content should be evaluated from a knowledge representation point of view. In recent years, some RDF(S) and DAML+OIL ‘checkers’, ‘validators’, and ‘parsers’ have been created and several ontology platforms are able to import RDF(S) and DAML+OIL ontologies. Two are the experiments presented in this paper. The first one reveals that the majority of RDF(S) and DAML+OIL parsers (Validating RDF Parser, RDF Validation Service, DAML Validator, and DAML+OIL Ontology Checker) do not detect taxonomic mistakes in ontologies implemented in such languages. So, if such ontologies are imported by ontology platforms, are they able to detect such problems? The second experiment presented in this paper reveals that the majority of the ontology platforms (OilEd, OntoEdit, Protégé-2000, and WebODE) only detect a few of mistakes in concept taxonomies before importing them

Ontology Evaluation Functionalities of RDF(S), DAML+OIL, and OWL Parsers and Ontology Platforms

Before using ontologies in Semantic Web applications, ontology content and ontology tools (parsers, platforms, etc.) should be evaluated. In this paper we evaluate ontology evaluation functionalities of RDF(S), DAML+OIL, and OWL parsers and import services for such languages within ontology platforms. In recent years, some RDF(S), DAML+OIL, and OWL parsers have been created and several ontology platforms are able to import ontologies implemented in such languages. In this paper we present two experiments. The first one reveals that most RDF(S), DAML+OIL, and OWL parsers studied do not detect taxonomic problems, from a knowledge representation point of view, in ontologies implemented in such languages. So, if such ontologies are imported by ontology platforms, the question is: are they able to detect such problems? The second experiment presented in this paper reveals that most ontology platforms analyzed only detect a few of problems in concept taxonomies during ontology import

Building Ontology Networks: How to Obtain a Particular Ontology Network Life Cycle?

To build an ontology, ontology developers should devise first a concrete plan for the ontology development, that is, they should establish the ontology life cycle. To do this, ontology developers should answer two key questions: a) which ontology life cycle model is the most appropriate for their ontology project? and b) which particular activities should be carried out in their ontology life cycle? In this paper we present a set of guidelines to help ontology developers and also naïve users answer such questions