WHO EATS WHAT, WHEN, AND FROM WHERE?

The popular impression that over half of our food does not come from a retail food (grocery) store is based on food expenditure data and is misleading. This research set out to learn where people obtain the food they report eating and to determine whether there are significant differences between people who buy most of their food from retail food stores and those who do not. Research on food consumption often focuses on household expenditures at retail food stores and various types of restaurants, but tracking the volume of various types of foods purchased from various retail places is not well established. The Continuing Survey of Food Intake of Individuals survey for 1994 showed that 72 percent of the volume of food consumed was from retail food stores. Age had the largest impact on where people shopped, and when and how many meals they ate. Income and household composition had relatively little impact. Cluster analysis grouped consumers based on where they obtained their food. The largest cluster, nearly half of the individuals, were labeled the Home Cookers. They obtained 93 percent of their food from stores and account for 59 percent of food sold from retail food stores. The High Service cluster is only 10 percent of the sample, but they consumed 50 percent of the food sold in restaurants and only 6 percent of food sold by grocers. Looking at the diets of people in the various clusters reveal that those in the Fast Food clusters ate less fat than the average of the sample while High Service (restaurant) users ate more fat. Home Cookers ate less than the average amount of meat, eggs, and vegetables.Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

Consciousness science : real progress and lingering misconceptions.

Link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Government and self-government in in the information society

Research on the information society and the policies and strategies for its creation has tended to discuss them rationally as the national, and occasionally international or regional, responses to changes in the competitive environment. The predominant notion of the information society in various levels of governance has only rarely been critically examined. The paper provides a Foucauldian analysis of the constitution of the information society as a political and policy imperative at the level of the European Union and the multiple effects it had for its member states. Drawing on ideas on governmentality and regimes of truth, I argue that the European Commission continually shaped the rationality and identity of the information society it heralded, by managing to set itself as the legitimate locus of policy for the information society. In revealing the dominant discursive truths about the European information society, the research discusses how the truth claims about the construction of a particular version of the information society and the legitimate loci of its government shaped the degrees of freedom of the Greek policy makers through a range of disciplining and selfdisciplining practices

Co-operating Teachers, School Placement and the Implications for Quality

It is widely understood by teacher educators and administrators responsible for the practicum of student teachers that co-operating teachers play a critical role in student teacher development. This research sought to examine student teachers perception of their co-operating teachers during practicum and ascertain the extent to which subject specialisation, gender and school placement influenced their perception. Through the use of a questionnaire, data were collected from 195 student teachers during the final week of their practicum. The results indicated that student teachers had a positive perception of their co-operating teachers and perceived their co-operating teachers to be providing developmental and instructional supervision. Additionally a significant finding was that student teachers perception of their co-operating teachers was based on the type of school at which they were placed. In light of these findings, attention needs to be given to the establishment of policies regarding student teacher placement and training of co-operating teachers as means of positively influencing quality teaching practicum experience

SOFT , MULTILAYERED ELECTRONICS FOR WEARABLE DEVICES AND METHODS TO PRODUCE THE SAME

Disclosed herein is an efficient fabrication approach to create highly customizable wearable electronics through rapid laser machining and adhesion - controlled soft materials assembly . Well - aligned , multi - layered materials can be created from 2D and 3D elements that stretch and bend while seamlessly integrating with rigid components such as micro chip integrated circuits ( IC ) , discrete electrical components , and interconnects . These techniques are applied using commercially available materials . These materials and methods enable custom wearable electronics while offering versatility in design and functionality for a variety of bio - monitor ing applications

An Assessment of the Imaging Performance of Hand-Held Ultrasound Scanners Using the Edinburgh Pipe Phantom

Objective: Although hand-held ultrasound devices (HHUSDs) are currently used for a diverse range of diagnostic and interventional applications the imaging performance of such scanners is rarely considered. The aim of this study was to assess the imaging performance of a wide-range of HHUSDs and compare their imaging performance to cart-based systems utilized for the same clinical applications. Methods: The grayscale imaging performances of 19 HHUSDs from eight different manufacturers, manufactured between 2016 and 2021, were measured using a figure-of-merit known as the resolution integral. The imaging performance of the HHUSDs were compared to 142 cart-based ultrasound scanners. Results: The HHUSD with the overall highest resolution integral (66) was a Butterfly (Burlington, MA, USA) wired phased array for small parts applications, followed by a Philips (Bothell, WA, USA) Lumify wired curvilinear transducer (57) for abdominal applications, a Butterfly wired phased array (56) for abdominal applications, a GE (Freiburg, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) VScan Air wireless linear array (56) for small parts applications, and a Healcerion (Seoul, Korea) Sonon 300L wireless linear array (56) for small parts applications. A GE VScan Extend wired phased array had the highest resolution integral (44) for cardiac applications. Conclusions: The Butterfly phased array had the highest resolution integral of all the 19 HHUSDs, although this value is still less than the majority of cart-based cardiac and abdominal ultrasound scanners manufactured from 2010 to 2017. Clinical users of HHUSDs should be mindful of the limitations in imaging performance of hand-held ultrasound devices.</p

Using diffusion tensor imaging to identify corticospinal tract projection patterns in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy.

AIM: To determine whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can be an independent assessment for identifying the corticospinal tract (CST) projecting from the more-affected motor cortex in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD: Twenty children with unilateral spastic CP participated in this study (16 males, four females; mean age 9y 2mo [standard deviation (SD) 3y 2mo], Manual Ability Classification System [MACS] level I-III). We used DTI tractography to reconstruct the CST projecting from the more-affected motor cortex. We mapped the motor representation of the more-affected hand by stimulating the more- and the less-affected motor cortex measured with single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We then verified the presence or absence of the contralateral CST by comparing the TMS map and DTI tractography. Fisher's exact test was used to determine the association between findings of TMS and DTI. RESULTS: DTI tractography successfully identified the CST controlling the more-affected hand (sensitivity=82%, specificity=78%). INTERPRETATION: Contralateral CST projecting from the lesioned motor cortex assessed by DTI is consistent with findings of TMS mapping. Since CST connectivity may be predictive of response to certain upper extremity treatments, DTI-identified CST connectivity may potentially be valuable for determining such connectivity where TMS is unavailable or inadvisable for children with seizures.K08 NS073796 - NINDS NIH HHS; TL1 RR024158 - NCRR NIH HHS; K01 NS062116 - NINDS NIH HHS; UL1 RR024156 - NCRR NIH HHS; KL2 RR024157 - NCRR NIH HHS; R01 HD076436 - NICHD NIH HHSPublished versio

Broadband acoustic measurement of an agar-based tissue mimicking material - a longitudinal study

Commercially available ultrasound quality assurance test phantoms rely upon the long-term acoustic stability of tissue-mimicking-materials (TMMs). The measurement of the acoustic properties can be technically challenging and it is important to ensure its stability. The standard technique is to film-wrap samples of TMM and to measure the acoustic properties in a water bath. In this study, a modified technique is proposed whereby the samples of TMM are measured in a preserving fluid that is intended to maintain their characteristics. The acoustic properties were evaluated using a broadband pulse-echo substitution technique over the frequency range of 4.5 – 50 MHz at 0, 6 and 12 months using both techniques. For both techniques, the measured mean values for the speed of sound and the attenuation were very similar and within the IEC recommended value. However, the results obtained using the proposed modified technique demonstrated greater stability over the 1-year period when compared with the results acquired using the standard technique

Exposure to Ranitidine and Risk of Bladder Cancer:A Nested Case-Control Study

INTRODUCTION:Ranitidine has been shown to contain the carcinogen N-nitrosodimethylamine and increase urinary N-nitrosodimethylamine in humans. We investigated whether ranitidine use is associated with increased bladder cancer risk.METHODS:A nested case-control study was conducted within the Primary Care Clinical Informatics Unit Research database which contains general practice records from Scotland. Bladder cancer cases, diagnosed between 1999 and 2011, were identified and matched with up to 5 controls (based on age, sex, general practice, and date of registration). Ranitidine, other histamine-2 receptor agonists, and proton pump inhibitors were identified from prescribing records. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression after adjusting for comorbidities and smoking.RESULTS:There were 3,260 cases and 14,037 controls. There was evidence of an increased risk of bladder cancer in ranitidine users, compared with nonusers (fully adjusted OR = 1.22; 95% CI 1.06-1.40), which was more marked with use for over 3 years of ranitidine (fully adjusted OR = 1.43; 95% CI 1.05-1.94). By contrast, there was little evidence of any association between proton pump inhibitor use and bladder cancer risk based on any use (fully adjusted OR = 0.98; 95% CI 0.88-1.11) or over 3 years of use (fully adjusted OR = 0.98; 95% CI 0.80-1.20).DISCUSSION:In this large population-based study, the use of ranitidine particularly long-term use was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer. Further studies are necessary to attempt to replicate this finding in other settings.</p