1,699 research outputs found
PCN36 Cost Analysis Model Between The Cobas Braf Test And Sanger Sequencing When Treating Malignant Melanoma Based On The Presence Of V600 Mutations
L'informe de gestió de l'exercici 201
The Paradox of Compacts: final report to the Home Office on monitoring the impact of Compacts
The Compact is an important building block in achieving a better relationship between
Government and the voluntary and community sector. We are fully committed to partnership
working with the sector and increasing their role in civil society and in the delivery of public
s e rvices. The Compact helps us to work better together, so that we can better meet the
needs of communities
How limiting is optical follow-up for fast radio burst applications? Forecasts for radio and optical surveys
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are the first cosmological radio sources that vary
on millisecond timescales, which makes them a unique probe of the Universe.
Many proposed applications of FRBs require associated redshifts. These can only
be obtained by localizing FRBs to their host galaxies and subsequently
measuring their redshifts. Upcoming FRB surveys will provide arcsecond
localization for many FRBs, not all of which can be followed up with dedicated
optical observations. We aim to estimate the fraction of FRB hosts that will be
catalogued with redshifts by existing and future optical surveys. We use the
population synthesis code frbpoppy to simulate several FRB surveys, and the
semi-analytical galaxy formation code GALFORM to simulate their host galaxies.
We obtain redshift distributions for the simulated FRBs and the fraction with
host galaxies in a survey. Depending on whether FRBs follow the cosmic star
formation rate or stellar mass, 20 to 40 per cent of CHIME FRB hosts will be
observed in an SDSS-like survey, all at . The deeper DELVE survey will
detect 63 to 85 per cent of ASKAP FRBs found in its coherent search mode. CHIME
FRBs will reach , SKA1-Mid FRBs , but ground based follow-up
is limited to . We discuss consequences for several FRB
applications. If of ASKAP FRBs have measured redshifts, 1000 detected
FRBs can be used to constrain to within per
cent at 95 per cent credibility. We provide strategies for optimized follow-up,
when building on data from existing surveys. Data and codes are made available.Comment: 18 pages, 16 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS.
Code available at https://github.com/JoschaJ/mockFRBhost
Relapses of Plasmodium vivax infection usually result from activation of heterologous hypnozoites.
BACKGROUND: Relapses originating from hypnozoites are characteristic of Plasmodium vivax infections. Thus, reappearance of parasitemia after treatment can result from relapse, recrudescence, or reinfection. It has been assumed that parasites causing relapse would be a subset of the parasites that caused the primary infection. METHODS: Paired samples were collected before initiation of antimalarial treatment and at recurrence of parasitemia from 149 patients with vivax malaria in Thailand (n=36), where reinfection could be excluded, and during field studies in Myanmar (n=75) and India (n=38). RESULTS: Combined genetic data from 2 genotyping approaches showed that novel P. vivax populations were present in the majority of patients with recurrent infection (107 [72%] of 149 patients overall [78% of patients in Thailand, 75% of patients in Myanmar {Burma}, and 63% of patients in India]). In 61% of the Thai and Burmese patients and in 55% of the Indian patients, the recurrent infections contained none of the parasite genotypes that caused the acute infection. CONCLUSIONS: The P. vivax populations emerging from hypnozoites commonly differ from the populations that caused the acute episode. Activation of heterologous hypnozoite populations is the most common cause of first relapse in patients with vivax malaria
Hypersensitivity to Perturbations in the Quantum Baker's Map
We analyze a randomly perturbed quantum version of the baker's
transformation, a prototype of an area-conserving chaotic map. By numerically
simulating the perturbed evolution, we estimate the information needed to
follow a perturbed Hilbert-space vector in time. We find that the Landauer
erasure cost associated with this information grows very rapidly and becomes
much larger than the maximum statistical entropy given by the logarithm of the
dimension of Hilbert space. The quantum baker's map thus displays a
hypersensitivity to perturbations that is analogous to behavior found earlier
in the classical case. This hypersensitivity characterizes ``quantum chaos'' in
a way that is directly relevant to statistical physics.Comment: 8 pages, LATEX, 3 Postscript figures appended as uuencoded fil
Local Realistic Model for the Dynamics of Bulk-Ensemble NMR Information Processing
We construct a local realistic hidden-variable model that describes the
states and dynamics of bulk-ensemble NMR information processing up to about 12
nuclear spins. The existence of such a model rules out violation of any Bell
inequality, temporal or otherwise, in present high-temperature, liquid-state
NMR experiments. The model does not provide an efficient description in that
the number of hidden variables grows exponentially with the number of nuclear
spins.Comment: REVTEX, 7 page
Chaos for Liouville probability densities
Using the method of symbolic dynamics, we show that a large class of
classical chaotic maps exhibit exponential hypersensitivity to perturbation,
i.e., a rapid increase with time of the information needed to describe the
perturbed time evolution of the Liouville density, the information attaining
values that are exponentially larger than the entropy increase that results
from averaging over the perturbation. The exponential rate of growth of the
ratio of information to entropy is given by the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy of the
map. These findings generalize and extend results obtained for the baker's map
[R. Schack and C. M. Caves, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 3413 (1992)].Comment: 26 pages in REVTEX, no figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Preliminary genetic evidence of two different populations of Opisthorchis viverrini in Lao PDR
Opisthorchis viverrini is a major public health concern in Southeast Asia. Various reports have suggested that this parasite may represent a species complex, with genetic structure in the region perhaps being dictated by geographical factors and different species of intermediate hosts. We used four microsatellite loci to analyze O. viverrini adult worms originating from six species of cyprinid fish in Thailand and Lao PDR. Two distinct O. viverrini populations were observed. In Ban Phai, Thailand, only one subgroup occurred, hosted by two different fish species. Both subgroups occurred in fish from That Luang, Lao PDR, but were represented to very different degrees among the fish hosts there. Our data suggest that, although geographical separation is more important than fish host specificity in influencing genetic structure, it is possible that two species of Opisthorchis, with little interbreeding, are present near Vientiane in Lao PDR
Hypersensitivity and chaos signatures in the quantum baker's maps
Classical chaotic systems are distinguished by their sensitive dependence on
initial conditions. The absence of this property in quantum systems has lead to
a number of proposals for perturbation-based characterizations of quantum
chaos, including linear growth of entropy, exponential decay of fidelity, and
hypersensitivity to perturbation. All of these accurately predict chaos in the
classical limit, but it is not clear that they behave the same far from the
classical realm. We investigate the dynamics of a family of quantizations of
the baker's map, which range from a highly entangling unitary transformation to
an essentially trivial shift map. Linear entropy growth and fidelity decay are
exhibited by this entire family of maps, but hypersensitivity distinguishes
between the simple dynamics of the trivial shift map and the more complicated
dynamics of the other quantizations. This conclusion is supported by an
analytical argument for short times and numerical evidence at later times.Comment: 32 pages, 6 figure
Connecting Returned Apollo Soils and Remote Sensing: Application to the Diviner Lunar Radiometer
The Diviner Lunar Radiometer, onboard NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, has produced the first global, high resolution, thermal infrared observations of an airless body. The Moon, which is the most accessible member of this most abundant class of solar system objects, is also the only body for which we have extraterrestrial samples with known spatial context, returned Apollo samples. Here we present the results of a comprehensive study to reproduce an accurate simulated lunar environment, evaluate the most appropriate sample and measurement conditions, collect thermal infrared spectra of a representative suite of Apollo soils, and correlate them with Diviner observations of the lunar surface. It has been established previously that thermal infrared spectra measured in simulated lunar environment (SLE) are significantly altered from spectra measured under terrestrial or martian conditions. The data presented here were collected at the University of Oxford Simulated Lunar Environment Chamber (SLEC). In SLEC, we simulate the lunar environment by: (1) pumping the chamber to vacuum pressures (less than 104 mbar) sufficient to simulate lunar heat transport processes within the sample, (2) cooling the chamber with liquid nitrogen to simulate radiation to the cold space environment, and (3) heating the samples with heaters and lamp to setup thermal gradients similar to those experienced in the upper hundreds of microns of the lunar surface. We then conducted a comprehensive suite of experiments using different sample preparation and heating conditions on Apollo soils 15071 (maria) and 67701 (highland) and compared the results to Diviner noontime data to select the optimal experimental conditions. This study includes thermal infrared SLE measurements of 10084 (A11 - LM), 12001 (A12 - LM), 14259 (A14 - LM), 15071 (A15 - S1), 15601 (A15 - S9a), 61141 (A16 - S1), 66031 (A16 - S6), 67701 (A16 - S11), and 70181 (A17 - LM). The Diviner dataset includes all six Apollo sites at approximately 200 m spatial resolution We find that analyses of Diviner observations of individual sampling stations and SLE measurements returned Apollo soils show good agreement, while comparisons to thermal infrared reflectance under ambient conditions do not agree well, which underscores the need for SLE measurements and validates the Diviner compositional measurement technique
- …