Hybrid Political Institutions And Governability:The Budgetary Process In Brazil

In this paper we take a close look at some of the particular pathways by whichmajoritarian and consensual institutions affect governability. We demonstrate that the mixof majoritarian and consensual institutions found within a country can influence thesepathways quite dramatically, such that they produce rather different consequences forgovernability, even when these pathways are relatively similar in nature. Particularly, wefocus on the rules governing the relationship between the President and the Legislature,especially the appropriation of amendments proposed by legislators. In some presidentialcountries, the president possesses a partial veto (or a line-item veto) which allows him/herto approve or strike appropriations, which legislators introduce in amendments.Concentrating on the case of Brazil, we argue and demonstrate that whether or not thepresident can use this tool to sustain governing majorities (i.e., to increase governability)depends on the kind of amendment introduced by legislators. One kind, individualamendment, is linked to the majoritarian institution of a powerful presidency and thereforehelps to increase governability. A second kind, collective amendment, is linked toconsensual institutions and actually does not enhance legislative support for the Executive.

Extracellular vesicles from adipose tissue - a potential role in obesity and type 2 diabetes?

Adipose tissue plays a key role in the development of insulin resistance and its pathological sequelae such as type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dysfunction in the adipose tissue response to storing excess fatty acids as triglyceride can lead to adipose tissue inflammation and spillover of fatty acids from this tissue and accumulation of fatty acids as lipid droplets in ectopic sites such as liver and muscle. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are released from adipocytes and have been proposed to be involved in adipocyte/macrophage crosstalk and to affect insulin signalling and TGFβ expression in liver cells leading to metabolic disease. Furthermore EV produced by adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC) can promote angiogenesis and cancer cell migration and have neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties. ADSC EV have therapeutic potential in vascular and neurodegenerative disease and may also be used to target specific functional miRNAs to cells. Obesity is associated with an increase in adipose-derived EV which may be related to the metabolic complications of obesity. This review aims to discuss EV produced by adipose tissue and their potential impact on metabolic diseases associated with obesity

Analog Simulation of Weyl Particles with Cold Atoms

We study theoretically, numerically, and experimentally the relaxation of a collisionless gas in a quadrupole trap after a momentum kick. The non-separability of the potential enables a quasi thermalization of the single particle distribution function even in the absence of interactions. Suprinsingly, the dynamics features an effective decoupling between the strong trapping axis and the weak trapping plane. The energy delivered during the kick is redistributed according to the symmetries of the system and satisfies the Virial theorem, allowing for the prediction of the final temperatures. We show that this behaviour is formally equivalent to the relaxation of massless relativistic Weyl fermions after a sudden displacement from the center of a harmonic trap

Cross talk between adipose tissue and placenta in obese and gestational diabetes mellitus pregnancies via exosomes

Obesity is an important public health issue worldwide, where it is commonly associated with the development of metabolic disorders, especially insulin resistance (IR). Maternal obesity is associated with an increased risk of pregnancy complications, especially gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Metabolism is a vital process for energy production and the maintenance of essential cellular functions. Excess energy storage is predominantly regulated by the adipose tissue. Primarily made up of adipocytes, adipose tissue acts as the body’s major energy reservoir. The role of adipose tissue, however, is not restricted to a “bag of fat.” The adipose tissue is an endocrine organ, secreting various adipokines, enzymes, growth factors, and hormones that take part in glucose and lipid metabolism. In obesity, the greater portion of the adipose tissue comprises fat, and there is increased pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, macrophage infiltration, and reduced insulin sensitivity. Obesity contributes to systemic IR and its associated metabolic complications. Similar to adipose tissue, the placenta is also an endocrine organ. During pregnancy, the placenta secretes various molecules to maintain pregnancy physiology. In addition, the placenta plays an important role in metabolism and exchange of nutrients between mother and fetus. Inflammation at the placenta may contribute to the severity of maternal IR and her likelihood of developing GDM and may also mediate the adverse consequences of obesity and GDM on the fetus. Interestingly, studies on maternal insulin sensitivity and secretion of placental hormones have not shown a positive correlation between these phenomena. Recently, a great interest in the field of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been observed in the literature. EVs are produced by a wide range of cells and are present in all biological fluids. EVs are involved in cell-to-cell communication. Recent evidence points to an association between adipose tissue-derived EVs and metabolic syndrome in obesity. In this review, we will discuss the changes in human placenta and adipose tissue in GDM and obesity and summarize the findings regarding the role of adipose tissue and placenta-derived EVs, with an emphasis on exosomes in obesity, and the contribution of obesity to the development of GDM

¿A cuántos?

Determinar a cuantos pacientes le realizamos prácticas recomendadas en promoción y prevención de la salud y pesquisa de enfermedades prevalentes en atención primaria.Determine to how many patients we carried out best practices in health promotion, prevention or investigation of prevalent diseases in primary care.Fil: Gasull, Andrea. Hospital Luis Lagomaggiore (Mendoza, Argentina). Servicio de Clínica MédicaFil: Lascano, Soledad. Hospital Luis Lagomaggiore (Mendoza, Argentina). Servicio de Clínica MédicaFil: Matile, Carlos. Hospital Luis Lagomaggiore (Mendoza, Argentina). Servicio de Clínica MédicaFil: Salomon, Susana. Hospital Luis Lagomaggiore (Mendoza, Argentina). Servicio de Clínica MédicaFil: Carena, José. Hospital Luis Lagomaggiore (Mendoza, Argentina). Servicio de Clínica Médic

Extracellular vesicle interactions with the external and internal exposome in mediating carcinogenesis

The influence of environmental factors on an individual, from conception onwards, is defined as the exposome. It can be categorized into the external exposome, which includes external factors such as air pollution, chemical contaminants, and diet, and the internal exposome, which is unique to an individual, and involves age, physiology, and their genetic profile. The effect of external exposures on the internal exposome, or genetic profile, can be determined through omics analyses. However, this is often compromised due to low sample quantity and cost. Therefore, identification of other factors that can provide an insight into the cellular profile of an individual, provides an exciting avenue, and an emerging field is that of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recently, our understanding of how cells can communicate with each other has shifted to recognise the role of EVs. EVs are secreted by all living cells, and have been identified in all biological fluids studied so far. They transport bioactive molecules (e.g., proteins, miRNAs, and DNA), and their release can be regulated by the cellular microenvironment. Analysis of EVs in respond to environmental factors might provide novel insights into the role of tumour EVs in carcinogenesis. Not only will EVs give some insight into the tumour cells themselves but they will also provide a better understanding of how cells communicate with one another, contributing to cancer progression. Moreover, characterising the content and functions of tumour-derived EVs has the potential to overcome the current challenges to improve cancer patient outcomes. For example, the identification of EVs targets for therapeutic interventions and tumour EVs biomarkers could facilitate the development of early screening for several cancers. The aim of this review, thus, is to discuss the overall role of EVs in response to the various external and internal signals in cancer. We will specifically highlight the biogenesis, secretion, and content of EVs in response to oncogenic transformation and metabolic regulators in cancer

Summer School on Quantum Many-Body Physics of Ultra-Cold Atoms and Molecules

The aim of this School was to bring together both leading scientists from all over the world to discuss current frontiers of research in ultra-cold atomic and molecular gases and young PhD students, postdocs, researchers working on ultra-cold gases. The program focused on the analysis of novel quantum phases and quantum phase transitions in mono-atomic gases, mixtures of fermionic and bosonic atoms in traps and optical lattices and its applications to quantum information processing and metrology. In particular, ultra-cold gases have been used to simulate many known condensed matter phenomena such as superfluid-insulator transitions, BEC-BCS crossover, Anderson localization with unprecedented control. In addition, the ultra-cold atomic and molecular gases reveal completely new phenomena which are not possible to realize in standard condensed-matter systems, since interactions, hopping, dimensionality and temperature can be fully controlled in traps and optical lattices. The School program combined lectures that pedagogically summarize the main challenges and recent results on each area with short presentations, especially from students and postdocs. We organized a computer based laboratory to make some practice on the numerical simulations of many-body physics of ultracold-cold gases, giving particular importance in this session to quantum Monte Carlo simulations, which are widely used in the context of ultra-cold atomic physics. Poster sessions have been organized

Rapid and specific purification of Argonaute-small RNA complexes from crude cell lysates

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) direct Argonaute proteins, the core components of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), to cleave complementary target RNAs. Here, we describe a method to purify active RISC containing a single, unique small RNA guide sequence. We begin by capturing RISC using a complementary 2\u27-O-methyl oligonucleotide tethered to beads. Unlike other methods that capture RISC but do not allow its recovery, our strategy purifies active, soluble RISC in good yield. The method takes advantage of the finding that RISC partially paired to a target through its siRNA guide dissociates more than 300 times faster than a fully paired siRNA in RISC. We use this strategy to purify fly Ago1- and Ago2-RISC, as well as mouse AGO2-RISC. The method can discriminate among RISCs programmed with different guide strands, making it possible to deplete and recover specific RISC populations. Endogenous microRNA:Argonaute complexes can also be purified from cell lysates. Our method scales readily and takes less than a day to complete